EffectsofDigitalizationon Women withintheg20 economies

Transcription

1 EffectsofDigitalizationon Women withintheg20 economies Argentine-German Women20 Outreach Dialogue March 20th, Buenos Aires, Argentina Alina Sorgner Christiane Krieger-Boden Eckhardt Bode Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Germany

2 AimandScopeoftheStudy To understand how current technological change that involvesdigitalizationwill affectwomenin theg20 economies with regard to their labor market inclusion and financial inclusion To provide an overview of policies and initiatives that address women s empowerment in the digital age and to formulate best practices

3 Gender gaps in labor force participation persist in all G20 countries No gender gap 1,00 0,90 0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00 Saudi Arabia India Turkey Mexico Indonesia Argentina Korea Brazil Italy Japan South Africa China, PR United States Russian Fed. United Kingdom Germany Australia France Canada Female-to-Male ratio Labor force participation Legislators, senior officials, managers Source: The Global Gender Gap Report

4 Digitalization and the Future of Work Routine tasks (high risk of digitalization) Non-routine tasks(relatively low risk of digitalization) Tasks that can be codified Examples: mathematical calculations in bookkeeping; data processing; precise executing of a repetitive physical operation in production tasks. Manual tasks Abstract tasks 4

5 Digitalization and the Future of Work Routine tasks (high risk of digitalization) Non-routine tasks(relatively low risk of digitalization) Tasks that can be codified Examples: mathematical calculations in bookkeeping; data processing; precise executing of a repetitive physical operation in production tasks. Manual tasks Require situational adaptability, visual and language recognition, and in-person interactions Examples: food preparation, serving jobs, cleaning work, in-person health assistance. Abstract tasks 5

6 Digitalization and the Future of Work Routine tasks (high risk of digitalization) Non-routine tasks(relatively low risk of digitalization) Tasks that can be codified Examples: mathematical calculations in bookkeeping; data processing; precise executing of a repetitive physical operation in production tasks. Manual tasks Require situational adaptability, visual and language recognition, and in-person interactions Examples: food preparation, serving jobs, cleaning work, in-person health assistance. Abstract tasks Prevalent in professional, technical, and managerial occupations Require high levels of education, problemsolving capabilities, intuition, creativity, and persuasion. Are supplemented by computers 6

7 Gender Effects of Digitalization of Jobs GER On average, between 40% - 50% of jobs face a very high risk of digitalization Source: Survey of Adult Skills, own calculations. 7

8 Digitalization of Jobs: Skill effects Low-skilled Medium-skilled High-skilled The risk of digitalization of jobs is the highest for lowskilled workers The risk of digitalization decreases with the skill level Source: Survey of Adult Skills, own calculations. 8

9 Digitalization of Jobs: Age effects WOMEN GER The susceptibility of women s jobs appears to increase with increasing age. In Italy and Turkey, by contrast, the susceptibility appears to decrease with increasing age. Source: Survey of Adult Skills, own calculations. 9

10 Gender gaps in entrepreneurial activities 30 1, No gender gap 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0 0,00 South Korea Italy Turkey France Indonesia Saudi Arabia Japan Australia UK Argentina Canada Germany USA South Africa Mexico China Russia India Brazil Percent Female-to-Male ratio Males Females Ratio Female/Male Source: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Own calculations. 1

11 Careers in the digital sector often require knowledge of STEM subjects India Saudi Arabia Turkey Indonesia Italy South Africa United Kingdom Argentina Mexico France Canada United States Australia Brazil Germany Japan 0,00 0,10 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 STEM graduates, female-to-male ratio Women are underrepresented among the STEM graduates The gap in STEM graduates persists in all G20 countries 1

12 Digital gender divide No gender gap Gender gaps rather small for internet use in general Gender gaps are larger for the use of mobile and digital technologies for payments through internet or mobile phones Source: ITU Gender Statistics. - OECD Statistics database,

13 Initiatives against gender digital divide - National level Argentina Australia Brazil Canada France Germany Mexico Saudi-Arabia India Indonesia Italy Korea Japan South Africa United Kingdom United States Note: Circle size refers to number of initiatives recorded. Source: ITU EQUALS, IGF, own complements. Addressing women directly Capacity Building Training Mentoring Community building Addressing society at large Infrastructure development Advocacy Awareness raising Other Research Multi-stakeholder partnership 13

14 Initiatives against gender digital divide - Multi-country level International NGOs and governments also engage in multi-country initiatives On the regional level (Europe, Africa; only little for Asia and Latin America), On the global level Compared to national level: More society oriented measures (red) More soft measures (light colours) Hard measures for Africa Europe+CEE/CIS Global Africa Capacity building Training Mentoring Community building Infrastructure development Advocacy Awareness raising Research Source: ITU EQUALS, IGF, own complements. Note: Circle size refers to number of initiatives recorded. Multi-stakeholder partnership 14

15 Examples of initiatives promoting women s empowerment in the digital age Promoting digital literacy skills for women and girls #eskills4girls is an initiative by the German government for emerging and developing economies. It covers different action fields, including an online platform and an international coding competition. SheWill Connect by Intel helps to improve women s digital literacy skills, provides an online peer network and genderrelevant content in African countries Promotion of advanced IT-skills to build, not just to consume the technology through programs, such as Ladies Learning Code in Canada, BetheVideo Game Developer in the US, MariaLab Hackerspace in Brazil Addressing digital gender gap among minorities: Black Girls Code and TECHNOLOchicas in the US 15

16 Examples of initiatives promoting women s empowerment in the digital age Digital e-learning & networking platforms for female entrepreneurs and investors: Girls in Tech in Argentina Next Wave in the US provide the digital platform for delivering training content for women angel investors. It also allows to create a network of women investors from different geographic regions. Internet-based loan programs allow alternative ways to assess creditworthiness of women without formal credit records (e.g. Alibaba Group and the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Women Initiative) 16

17 Manythanksforyourattention! 17