Why Using Fiber for transmission
|
|
- Megan Thomas
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 Why Using Fiber for transmission Why Using Fiber for transmission Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communications, where they permit transmission over long distances and at very high bandwidths. Advantages over copper wiring The advantages of optical fiber communication with respect to copper wire systems are: Broad bandwidth Immunity to electromagnetic interference Light transmission through optical fibers is unaffected by other electromagnetic radiation nearby, so information traveling inside the optical fiber is immune to electromagnetic interference. Low attenuation loss over long distances Attenuation loss can be as low as 0.2 db/km in optical fiber cables, allowing transmission over long distances without the need for repeaters. Electrical insulator Optical fibers do not conduct electricity, preventing problems with ground loops and conduction of lightning. 2
3 How Optical Fiber Works As a light ray passes from one transparent medium to another, it changes direction; this phenomenon is called refraction of light. How much that light ray changes its direction depends on the refractive index of the mediums. Refractive index measures how much a material refracts light. When a light ray crosses an interface into a medium with a higher refractive index, it bends towards the normal. Conversely, light traveling cross an interface from a higher refractive index medium to a lower refractive index medium will bend away from the normal. At some point, it will not pass through to the second medium at all. Instead, all of it will be reflected back into the first medium, a process known as total internal reflection. 3
4 How Optical Fiber Works Optical fibers are based entirely on the principle of total internal reflection. Optical fiber is a long, thin strand of very pure glass about the diameter of a human hair. Optical fibers are arranged in bundles called optical cables and used to transmit light signals over long distances. 4
5 Structure of an Optical Fiber Typical optical fibers are composed of core, cladding and buffer coating. The core is the inner part of the fiber, which guides light. The cladding surrounds the core completely. The refractive index of the core is higher than that of the cladding, so light in the core that strikes the boundary with the cladding at an angle shallower than critical angle will be reflected back into the core by total internal reflection. The buffer coating is usually made from soft or hard plastic such as acrylic, nylon. Buffer coating provides mechanical protection and bending flexibility for the fiber. 5
6 Optical Fiber Modes An optical fiber guides light waves in distinct patterns called modes. Mode describes the distribution of light energy across the fiber. Light rays enter the fiber at a range of angles, and rays at different angles can all stably travel down the length of the fiber as long as they hit the core-cladding interface at an angle larger than critical angle. These rays are different modes. Fibers that carry more than one mode at a specific light wavelength are called multimode fibers. Some fibers have very small diameter core that they can carry only one mode which travels as a straight line at the center of the core. These fibers are single mode fibers. 6
7 About Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Multimode fibers Manufactured using larger glass fibers that are measured with either a 50 or 62.5 micron diameter The larger core diameter allows for less precise tolerances than those found in singlemode fibers and are often used with lower cost light sources. Because of the high dispersion and attenuation rate with this type of fiber, the quality of the signal is reduced over long distances, and the usable bandwidth is more limited than with Single-mode. Typically, LAN networks, security systems and other low speed fiber applications have been using multimode fiber optic cables. Single-mode fibers Manufactured using a small, 9 micron core fiber. The small core diameter needs extremely precise connectors. Single-mode connectors are thus usually more expensive. Single-Mode enables higher bandwidth and lower attenuation, allowing light to travel much longer distances. This combination of characteristics make singlemode cables the ideal choice for high bandwidth/long distance Telecommunication and CATV networks. 7
8 Basics of WDM Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology which multiplexes a number of optical carrier signals onto a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths (i.e., colors) of laser light. This technique enables bidirectional communications over one strand of fiber, as well as multiplication of capacity. Wavelength of a sinusoidal wave is the spatial period of the wave the distance over which the wave s shape repeats, and the inverse of the spatial frequency. WDM systems became popular as they allowed to expand the capacity of a network without laying more fiber. By using WDM, it is possible to accommodate several generations of technology development in an optical infrastructure without having to overhaul the backbone network. Capacity of a given link can be expanded simply by upgrading the multiplexers and demultiplexers at each end. 8
9 Need For WDM technologies Early WDM systems were using two IR channels per fiber, allowing to increase capacity or to provide dual-link transmissions over a single fiber. Typically, Wavelengths of 1310nm and 1550nm were used as they are providing the less attenuation over long distances. Note: Optical receivers, in contrast to laser sources, are usually wideband devices. Therefore the demultiplexer must provide the wavelength selectivity of the receiver in the WDM system. 9
10 Need For WDM technologies In order to add more capacity in a single link, CWDM and DWDM technologies became popular. By multiplexing a high amount of channels into a single fiber, the total bandwith that could be used over a single fiber can expand tremendously, typically above hundred gigabits per second (Gbps). WDM systems are divided into different wavelength patterns, mostly Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). 10
11 About CWDM Coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) transmit multiple channels over a fiber, by using a 20nm separation between channels. In contrast to DWDM, CWDM uses increased channel spacing to allow less sophisticated and thus cheaper transceiver designs. 20nm separation 16(18) Channels Low / Medium cost Typical applica)ons Bi- direc)onal Mul)ple channels, mul)ple formats Long distance 11
12 About CWDM The channel spacing grid for use with CWDM has been standardized by the ITU (ITU-T G.694.2), using the wavelengths from 1270 nm through 1610 nm with a channel spacing of 20 nm. 12
13 About DWDM DWDM systems use a much smaller channel separation (typically 0.8nm) allowing to transmit much more channels over a single link. In order to do this, DWDM have to maintain more stable wavelength or frequency than those needed for CWDM because of the closer spacing of the wavelengths. Precision temperature control of laser transmitter is required in DWDM systems to prevent "drift" off a very narrow frequency window of the order of a few GHz. This usually results into higher costs for transmission equipments. 0.8nm separation (typically) 88++ channels Higher cost Typical applica)ons Bi- direc)onal Mul)ple channels, mul)ple formats Long distance 13
14 About SFP Transceivers The Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) is a compact, hotpluggable transceiver used for both telecommunication and data communications applications. SFPs interfaces a network device to a fiber optic or copper networking cable. The form factor and electrical interface are specified by a multi-source agreement (MSA). SFP transceivers are designed to support SONET, gigabit Ethernet, Fiber Channel, as well as many other communications standards including HD-SDI, HDMI,... For fiber optic transmissions, SFP transceivers are available with a variety of transmitter and receiver types, allowing users to select the appropriate transceiver for each link(single-mode/multimode/wavelength type, distance, ). 14
15 About SFP Transceivers The SFP MSA defines a 256-byte memory map into an EEPROM describing the transceiver's capabilities, standard interfaces, manufacturer, and other information. Because SFPs are hot-swappable, there s no need to shut down an equipment to swap out a module it s easy to change interfaces on the fly for upgrades and maintenance. An important characteristic of SFP transceivers is that they re OSI Layer 1 devices they re transparent to data and do not examine or alter data in any way. 15
16 Fiber optic connector types Since the introduction of fiber optic technology, a very high amount of connector styles have been introduced. Each design was trying to achieve better performances (less light loss and reflectance) together with easier and reliable connection. In the various connectors type, the 4 below are found especially often. SC connectors is a is a snap-in connector who offer excellent packing density, and have been widely used in the industry. LC connectors due to their smaller size, are perfect for high-density applications. Because they are often found on SFPs transceivers, they became a major connection type in the industry. FC connectors allows to screw on to the device firmly. It has been one of the most popular connector for single-mode, but are now often replaced by LC connectors. ST connectors have a key which prevents rotation, and a bayonet lock similar to a BNC shell. It has been one of the most popular connector for multi-mode networks. 16
17
18 Insertion Loss Measurement Typical SFP transceivers are usually characterized by their maximum bandwidth, their wavelength, as well as an indicative distance that can be covered. The distance information provided is mainly informative, and in order to make sure that the transmission link will be established properly, it is required to measure the total amount of loss in the fiber optic link. The Power of the Transmitter reduced by the total loss over the transmission link should stay above the sensitivity of the receiver. Example of a SFP specifications (single mode, 3G, 40km type) Tx Pwr: 0dBm Rx sensitivity: -20dBm 18
19 Optical Link Budget Estimation To be able to judge whether a fiber optic cable link is good, one does a insertion loss test with a light source and power meter and compares that to an estimate of what is a reasonable loss for that cable link. The estimate is calculated using typical component losses for each part of the cable link. The three main source of losses are: Connector loss Splice loss Fiber Loss If the measured loss exceed the calculated loss by a significant amount, the system should be tested segment-by-segment to determine the cause of high loss. 19
20 Optical Link Budget Estimation Typical Connector or Splice Loss: 0.5dBm Typical Fiber Loss (Single-Mode): 0.3~0.5dBm/km 20
21 21 Connector and Splice Losses Connector and splice loss is caused by a number of factors. Loss is minimized when: the two fiber cores are identical and perfectly aligned. the connectors or splices are properly finished no dirt is present. Only the light that is coupled into the receiving fiber's core will propagate, so all the rest of the light becomes the connector or splice loss. A critical factor in a fiber optic connector or splice is alignment. The ideal connection will perfectly align the fibers, especially the lightcarrying cores, so that the joint is transparent with no loss of optical energy. Unfortunately, both the fiber and connector are subject to manufacturing tolerances that create less than perfect alignment. 21
22 22 Connector and Splice Losses The end of the fiber must be properly polished and clean to minimize loss. A rough surface will scatter light and dirt can scatter and absorb light. Since the optical fiber is so small, typical airborne dirt can be a major source of loss. Whenever connectors are not terminated, they should be covered with dust caps provided by the manufacturer to protect the end of the ferrule from dirt. Before connection and testing, it is advisable to clean connectors with special dry fiber cleaners. 22
23 Fiber Loss Fiber loss will vary depending on the fiber type (Single-Mode or Multi-Mode) as well as the wavelength used. For multimode fiber, the loss is about 3 db per km for 850 nm sources, 1 db per km for 1300 nm. For single-mode fiber, the loss is about 0.5 db per km for 1310 nm sources, 0.4 db per km for 1550 nm. A phenomenon known as Water Peak Loss induce a much higher loss for wavelengths close to 1400nm. For this reason, it is usually advised to avoid wavelengths of 1390nm and 1410nm when possible. Water Peak Loss is dependent of the fiber used, and some fiber types allows to greatly reduce the Water Peak Loss effects. 23
24 Budget Calculation Example Assumptions: Connector loss : ~0.5dBm Fiber Loss ~0.3dBm/km 32ch DWDM Mux loss: ~6dBm MAX 120km of Fiber TX Power : ~+3dBm (see SFP specs) Rx Sensitivity: ~-30dBm (see SFP specs) 24
Fiber Optic Principles. Oct-09 1
Fiber Optic Principles Oct-09 1 Fiber Optic Basics Optical fiber Active components Attenuation Power budget Bandwidth Oct-09 2 Reference www.flukenetworks.com/fiber Handbook Fiber Optic Technologies (Vivec
More informationIndustrial Automation
OPTICAL FIBER. SINGLEMODE OR MULTIMODE It is important to understand the differences between singlemode and multimode fiber optics before selecting one or the other at the start of a project. Its different
More informationis a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic
is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. The
More informationOptical Fiber. n 2. n 1. θ 2. θ 1. Critical Angle According to Snell s Law
ECE 271 Week 10 Critical Angle According to Snell s Law n 1 sin θ 1 = n 1 sin θ 2 θ 1 and θ 2 are angle of incidences The angle of incidence is measured with respect to the normal at the refractive boundary
More informationWDM. Coarse WDM. Nortel's WDM System
WDM wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology which multiplexes a number of optical carrier signals onto a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths (i.e. colors) of laser light.
More informationWHITE PAPER LINK LOSS BUDGET ANALYSIS TAP APPLICATION NOTE LINK LOSS BUDGET ANALYSIS
TAP APPLICATION NOTE LINK LOSS BUDGET ANALYSIS WHITE PAPER JULY 2017 1 Table of Contents Basic Information... 3 Link Loss Budget Analysis... 3 Singlemode vs. Multimode... 3 Dispersion vs. Attenuation...
More informationTECHNICAL ARTICLE: DESIGN BRIEF FOR INDUSTRIAL FIBRE OPTICAL NETWORKS
TECHNICAL ARTICLE: DESIGN BRIEF FOR INDUSTRIAL FIBRE OPTICAL NETWORKS Designing and implementing a fibre optical based communication network intended to replace or augment an existing communication network
More informationPluggable Transceiver Modules
APPENDIXB Revised: April 2012 This appendix provides descriptions and specifications for the pluggable transceiver modules that are supported on the Catalyst 6 series Ethernet switching modules. The appendix
More informationJFOC-BSG2D MODEL:JFOC-BSG2D. optic.com. For detailed inquiry please contact our sales team at:
JFOC-BSG2D MODEL:JFOC-BSG2D For detailed inquiry please contact our sales team at: market@jfiber optic.com Description : JFOC-BSG2D dispersion unshifted singlemode fiber is designed specially for optical
More informationClass 4 ((Communication and Computer Networks))
Class 4 ((Communication and Computer Networks)) Lesson 3... Transmission Media, Part 1 Abstract The successful transmission of data depends principally on two factors: the quality of the signal being transmitted
More informationGYM Bilgi Teknolojileri
SFP Transceiver Module GLC SX MM GLC SX MM is 1000Base-SX SFP fiber optic transceiver for multimode fiber and it works at 850nm wavelength, Cisco GLC SX MM SFP is compatible with IEEE 802.3z and could
More informationWaveSmart Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)
Application These products are needed when a passive multiplexing or demultiplexing unit is required in a central office environment. They are used in CATV headends and telephone company central offices.
More informationCOM 46: ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS jfm 07 FIBER OPTICS
FIBER OPTICS Fiber optics is a unique transmission medium. It has some unique advantages over conventional communication media, such as copper wire, microwave or coaxial cables. The major advantage is
More informationIntroduction to Fiber Optics
Introduction to Fiber Optics Dr. Anurag Srivastava Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Manegement, Gwalior Milestones in Electrical Communication 1838 Samuel F.B. Morse
More informationUser Manual. Installation Transmit Receive Module SFP/XFP
User Manual Installation Dragon PTN Transmit Receive Module SFP/XFP Installation Transmit Receive Module SFP/XFP Technical support https://hirschmann-support.belden.com The naming of copyrighted trademarks
More informationOptical Communications and Networks - Review and Evolution (OPTI 500) Massoud Karbassian
Optical Communications and Networks - Review and Evolution (OPTI 500) Massoud Karbassian m.karbassian@arizona.edu Contents Optical Communications: Review Optical Communications and Photonics Why Photonics?
More informationBooks: 1. Data communications by William L Schweber 2. Data communication and Networking by Behrouz A F0rouzan
Books: 1. Data communications by William L Schweber 2. Data communication and Networking by Behrouz A F0rouzan Twisted Pair cable Multiconductor flat cable Advantages of Twisted Pair Cable Simplest to
More informationTransceiver Ordering Guide
Transceiver Ordering Guide All Systems Broadband offers a wide array of compact form-factor pluggable modules to optimize the performance of your networks. These modules are designed to fit switches, routers,
More informationQualifying Fiber for 10G Deployment
Qualifying Fiber for 10G Deployment Presented by: Bob Chomycz, P.Eng. Email: BChomycz@TelecomEngineering.com Tel: 1.888.250.1562 www.telecomengineering.com 2017, Slide 1 of 25 Telecom Engineering Introduction
More informationE2-E3 CONSUMER FIXED ACCESS. CHAPTER-4 OVERVIEW OF OFC NETWORK (Date Of Creation: )
E2-E3 CONSUMER FIXED ACCESS CHAPTER-4 OVERVIEW OF OFC NETWORK (Date Of Creation: 01-04-2011) Page: 1 Overview Of OFC Network Learning Objective: Optical Fiber concept & types OFC route and optical budget
More informationModule 19 : WDM Components
Module 19 : WDM Components Lecture : WDM Components - I Part - I Objectives In this lecture you will learn the following WDM Components Optical Couplers Optical Amplifiers Multiplexers (MUX) Insertion
More informationChapter 9 GUIDED WAVE OPTICS
[Reading Assignment, Hecht 5.6] Chapter 9 GUIDED WAVE OPTICS Optical fibers The step index circular waveguide is the most common fiber design for optical communications plastic coating (sheath) core cladding
More informationLong-Haul DWDM RF Fiber Optic Link System
EMCORE Corporation - Broadband Division, Alhambra, CA, USA ABSTRACT EMCORE s vertically integrated ISO-9001 facility, staffed with our optics/rf engineering team, has been successfully designing and manufacturing
More informationLectureo5 FIBRE OPTICS. Unit-03
Lectureo5 FIBRE OPTICS Unit-03 INTRODUCTION FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS ABOUT OPTICAL FIBRE Multimode Fibres Multimode Step Index Fibres Multimode Graded Index Fibres INTRODUCTION In communication systems, there
More informationVePAL UX400 Universal Test Platform
CWDM and DWDM Testing VePAL UX400 Universal Test Platform Optical Spectrum/Channel Analyzer for CWDM and DWDM Networks Using superior micro-optic design and MEMS tuning technology, the UX400 OSA module
More informationCWDM Cisco CWDM wavelengths (nm)
Cisco Enhanced Wavelength Division Multiplexing Product Line The Cisco enhanced wavelength-division multiplexing (EWDM) product line allows users to scale the speed and capacity of the services offered
More informationTransceiver, Chassis Connectors, and Cable and Adapter Specifications
APPENDIXB Transceiver, Chassis Connectors, and Cable and Adapter Specifications Revised: January 4, 2012 This appendix covers the transceivers supported by the Catalyst 4948E and the Catalyst 4948E-F switches,
More informationSmall form-factor pluggable (SFP) components
Datasheet VENTURA SFP, SFP+ and XFP options Small form-factor pluggable (SFP) components OVERVIEW SFP, SFP+, and XFP components provide flexibility by enabling a Ventura card to support both electrical
More informationOptical Fiber Communication
A Seminar report On Optical Fiber Communication Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree Of Mechanical SUBMITTED TO: www.studymafia.org SUBMITTED BY: www.studymafia.org
More informationDATASHEET FMU-MD08E-A/B, w/expansion Port. Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions
Data Center & Cloud Computing DATASHEET FMU-MD08E-A/B, w/expansion Port 8 Channels Single Fiber DWDM Mux Demux, 1U Half Plug-in Module, LC/UPC Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions REV10
More informationCisco Enhanced Digital Return (EDR) 85 System Compact Segmentable Nodes
Cisco Enhanced Digital Return (EDR) 85 System Compact Segmentable Nodes The Cisco Enhanced Digital Return (EDR) 85 System expands the functionality of Compact Segmentable Nodes by increasing the performance,
More informationTesting of DWDM + CWDM high speed systems. Christian Till Technical Sales Engineer, EXFO
Testing of DWDM + CWDM high speed systems Christian Till Technical Sales Engineer, EXFO Need more bandwidth? xwdm - Class of WDM Devices Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) : Access 2 channels 1310nm,
More informationThursday, April 17, 2008, 6:28:40
Wavelength Division Multiplexing By: Gurudatha Pai K gurudatha@gmail.com Thursday, April 17, 2008, 6:28:40 Overview Introduction Popular Multiplexing Techniques Optical Networking WDM An Analogy of Multiplexing
More informationPhysical Layer Cabling: Fiber-Optic
Physical Layer Cabling: Fiber-Optic Fiber-Optic Basics The EM Spectrum: Physics and Math Attenuation and Dispersion in Fiber Fiber-Optic Hardware Networking over Fiber-Optic Safety with Fiber Fiber-Optic
More informationThere are lots of problems or challenges with fiber, Attenuation, Reflections, Dispersion and so on. So here we will look at these problems.
The Hard theory The Hard Theory An introduction to fiber, should also include a section with some of the difficult theory. So if everything else in the book was very easily understood, then this section
More informationPassive WDM Networking
Passive WDM Networking Company Introduction designs and markets all types of fibre optical Product portfolio: transmission products. Headquarted in Oslo, Norway, we serve Storage, Data and Telecom Networks
More informationCISCO DWDM GBICS. Figure 1. Cisco DWDM GBICs. Main features of the Cisco DWDM GBICs:
DATA SHEET CISCO DWDM GBICS The Cisco Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) pluggables allow enterprise companies and service providers to provide scalable and
More informationComputer Networks Lecture -4- Transmission Media. Dr. Methaq Talib
Computer Networks Lecture -4- Transmission Media Dr. Methaq Talib Transmission Media A transmission medium can be broadly defined as anything that can carry information from a source to a destination.
More informationData and Computer Communications Chapter 4 Transmission Media
Data and Computer Communications Chapter 4 Transmission Media Ninth Edition by William Stallings Data and Computer Communications, Ninth Edition by William Stallings, (c) Pearson Education - Prentice Hall,
More informationOPTICAL NETWORKS. Building Blocks. A. Gençata İTÜ, Dept. Computer Engineering 2005
OPTICAL NETWORKS Building Blocks A. Gençata İTÜ, Dept. Computer Engineering 2005 Introduction An introduction to WDM devices. optical fiber optical couplers optical receivers optical filters optical amplifiers
More informationTechnical Specifications
APPENDIXB This appendix includes the following sections: Switch Specifications, page B-1 Module Specifications, page B-2 Power Specifications, page B-4 X2 Transceiver Specifications, page B-7 and + Transceiver
More informationCisco Prisma II Quad Optical Input Enhanced Digital Return (EDR) Receiver for Compact Segmentable Nodes
Data Sheet Cisco Prisma II Quad Optical Input Enhanced Digital Return (EDR) Receiver for Compact Segmentable Nodes The Cisco Quad Optical Input Enhanced Digital Return (Q-EDR) 85 Receiver expands the Cisco
More informationDATASHEET. Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions. 16 Channels C27-C42 Dual Fiber DWDM Mux Demux 1U Rack Mount, LC/UPC
Data Center & Cloud Computing DATASHEET 16 Channels C27-C42 Dual Fiber DWDM Mux Demux 1U Rack Mount, LC/UPC Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions REV.1.0 2018 01 Overview Copyright 2009-2015
More informationUNIT Write notes on broadening of pulse in the fiber dispersion?
UNIT 3 1. Write notes on broadening of pulse in the fiber dispersion? Ans: The dispersion of the transmitted optical signal causes distortion for both digital and analog transmission along optical fibers.
More informationOptical Communications and Networks - Review and Evolution (OPTI 500) Massoud Karbassian
Optical Communications and Networks - Review and Evolution (OPTI 500) Massoud Karbassian m.karbassian@arizona.edu Contents Optical Communications: Review Optical Communications and Photonics Why Photonics?
More information2. The Basic principle of optical fibre (Or) Working principle of optical fibre (or) Total internal reflection
Introduction Fibre optics deals with the light propagation through thin glass fibres. Fibre optics plays an important role in the field of communication to transmit voice, television and digital data signals
More informationLecture 1: Introduction
Optical Fibre Communication Systems Lecture 1: Introduction Professor Z Ghassemlooy Electronics & It Division School of Engineering Sheffield Hallam University U.K. www.shu.ac.uk/ocr 1 Contents Reading
More informationROHS Compliant MM SFP Transceiver 1.25Gb Gigabit Ethernet
Product Overview WFT s SFP transceiver modules is specifically designed for the high performance and cost-effectiveness integrated duplex data link over a single fiber. The high-speed laser diode and photo
More informationDATASHEET. Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions
Data Center & Cloud Computing DATASHEET 8 Channels C53-C60 Dual Fiber DWDM Mux Demux W/Expansion Port, FMU Plug-in Module, LC/UPC Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions REV10 2018 01 Overview
More informationAnalysis of four channel CWDM Transceiver Modules based on Extinction Ratio and with the use of EDFA
Analysis of four channel CWDM Transceiver Modules based on Extinction Ratio and with the use of EDFA P.P. Hema [1], Prof. A.Sangeetha [2] School of Electronics Engineering [SENSE], VIT University, Vellore
More informationClass 1 LED of 850 nm for (short-range) applications. Class 1 laser of 1300 nm for (medium-range) applications.
Product Number WS-G5482 WS-G5483 GLC-T WS-X3500-XL CAB-SFP-50CM WS-G5484 WS-G5486 WS-G5487 GLC-BX-U GLC-BX-D GLC-SX-MM GLC-LH-SM GLC-ZX-SM GLC-GE-100FX CWDM-GBICxxxx CWDM-SFPxxxx DWDM-GBICxxxx XENPAK-xxxx
More information4 Channel 4~20mA / 0~10VDC Analog DIN Fiber Link System
USER GUIDE RLH Industries, Inc. The leader in rugged fiber optic technology. U-026 2017A-0420 4 Channel 4~20mA / 0~10VDC Analog DIN Fiber Link System SYSTEM INSTALLATION INFORMATION Description The DIN
More information100G CWDM4 MSA Technical Specifications 2km Optical Specifications
100G CWDM4 MSA Technical Specifications 2km Specifications Participants Editor David Lewis, LUMENTUM Comment Resolution Administrator Chris Cole, Finisar The following companies were members of the CWDM4
More informationOptical Passives and Accessories
Optical Passives and ccessories Full line of optical passives and accessories High stability High reliability C-COR offers a complete line of DWDMs, CWDMs, WDMs, Couplers, and an Optical Shelf. Optical
More informationDr. Monir Hossen ECE, KUET
Dr. Monir Hossen ECE, KUET 1 Outlines of the Class Principles of WDM DWDM, CWDM, Bidirectional WDM Components of WDM AWG, filter Problems with WDM Four-wave mixing Stimulated Brillouin scattering WDM Network
More informationDATASHEET FMU-MC04E-A/B, Pair Packaged, w/expansion Port
Data Center & Cloud Computing DATASHEET FMU-MC04E-A/B, Pair Packaged, w/expansion Port 4 Channels Single Fiber CWDM Mux Demux, Plug-in Module, LC/UPC Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions
More informationCisco ONS Pluggable Optics Series Modules for the Carrier Packet Transport (CPT) Platform
:: Seite 1 von 15 :: Datenblatt zum Produkt Cisco SFP -10/100 B-D ET mit DC# 633546 :: Cisco ONS Pluggable Optics Series Modules for the Carrier Packet Transport (CPT) Platform This document provides technical
More information11.1 Gbit/s Pluggable Small Form Factor DWDM Optical Transceiver Module
INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS 11.1 Gbit/s Pluggable Small Form Factor DWDM Transceiver Module Yoji SHIMADA*, Shingo INOUE, Shimako ANZAI, Hiroshi KAWAMURA, Shogo AMARI and Kenji OTOBE We have developed
More informationMixing TrueWave RS Fiber with Other Single-Mode Fiber Designs Within a Network
Mixing TrueWave RS Fiber with Other Single-Mode Fiber Designs Within a Network INTRODUCTION A variety of single-mode fiber types can be found in today s installed networks. Standards bodies, such as the
More information4-Channel Optical Parallel Transceiver. Using 3-D Polymer Waveguide
4-Channel Optical Parallel Transceiver Using 3-D Polymer Waveguide 1 Description Fujitsu Component Limited, in cooperation with Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., has developed a new bi-directional 4-channel optical
More informationSO-SFP-16GFC-ER-Dxxxx
SO-SFP-16GFC-ER-Dxxxx SFP+, 16G/8G/4G FC, 10G FC, 10GBASE-ER, DWDM (ITU 921 to 960), SM, DDM, 40km, LC SO-SFP-16GFC-ER-Dxxxx Overview The SO-SFP-16GFC-ER-Dxxxx fiber optical SFP+ (small form pluggable)
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.1367 *
Rec. ITU-R BT.1367 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.1367 * Serial digital fibre transmission system for signals Conforming to Recommendations ITU-R BT.656, ITU-R BT.799 and ITU-R BT.1120 (Question ITU-R 42/6)
More informationOPC1600 MUX WDM OADM SPLITTER
OPC1600 MUX WDM OADM SPLITTER OPC 1600 passive optical splitting platform The OPC 1600 optical splitting platform could, without affecting the original link, fully duplicates one or more copies of data
More informationCable and Port Specifications
APPENDIX D This appendix includes the following information: Cables and Adapters Provided, page D-1 Console Port, page D-2 COM1 Port, page D-3 MGMT 10/100 Ethernet Port, page D-5 SFP Transceiver Specifications,
More informationPluggable Transceivers
DATA SHEET Pluggable Transceivers Industry-Standard Pluggable Transceivers and Direct Attach Cables BENEFITS BUSINESS ALIGNMENT Standards-based technology. Flexible interface options for 100Mbs, 1Gbps,10Gbps,
More informationTOWER PHOTONICS STATUS UPDATE KM3 COLLABORATION MEETING LNS CATANIA- 7/12/2012. A. D Amico
TOWER PHOTONICS STATUS UPDATE KM3 COLLABORATION MEETING LNS CATANIA- 7/12/2012 SUMMARY Optical Transport Requirements: update Multiplexing Strategy: All-optical Photonics at Tower base: Multiplexer and
More informationComputer Networks
15-441 Computer Networks Physical Layer Professor Hui Zhang hzhang@cs.cmu.edu 1 Communication & Physical Medium There were communications before computers There were communication networks before computer
More informationFiber Optic Communications Communication Systems
INTRODUCTION TO FIBER-OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS A fiber-optic system is similar to the copper wire system in many respects. The difference is that fiber-optics use light pulses to transmit information down
More informationUpdated in 2017 Free Product Guide for Your Network. Transceiver. Catalog
Updated in 2017 Free Product Guide for Your Network Transceiver Catalog FS.COM Fiber Optic Transceiver FS.COM quality optical transceivers and cables for Ethernet and storage networks : Overview This catalog
More informationAbsorption: in an OF, the loss of Optical power, resulting from conversion of that power into heat.
Absorption: in an OF, the loss of Optical power, resulting from conversion of that power into heat. Scattering: The changes in direction of light confined within an OF, occurring due to imperfection in
More informationWhite Paper: The Ins and Outs of Testing Bend Insensitive Multimode Fiber (BIMMF): The Need for Encircled Flux
White Paper: The Ins and Outs of Testing Bend Insensitive Multimode Fiber (BIMMF): The Need for Encircled Flux White Paper: The Ins and Outs of Testing Bend Insensitive Multimode Fiber (BIMMF): The Need
More informationLSSS-OF FOR. Zero Water Peak Single-Mode Optical Fiber. (Reference: ITU-T G.652.D) Prepared by Eun Kyung Min Engineer Passive Solution Team
PAGE : 1 OF 6 LSSS-OF0007-00 FOR Zero Water Peak Single-Mode Optical Fiber (Reference: ITU-T G.652.D) Prepared by Eun Kyung Min Engineer Passive Solution Team Checked by Yu-Hyoung Lee Manager Passive Solution
More informationOverview. Highlights. General Specification. Datasheet
Data Center & Cloud Computing DATASHEET 16 Channels C43-C58 Dual Fiber DWDM Mux Demux, w/expansion Port 1U Rack Mount, LC/UPC Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions REV10 2018 01 Overview
More informationOFS AllWave non-dispersion shifted single-mode optical fiber
The New Standard for Single-Mode Fiber! Product Description OFS AllWave non-dispersion shifted single-mode optical fiber (NDSF) is the industry s first Full-Spectrum fiber designed for optical transmission
More informationMedia. Twisted pair db/km at 1MHz 2 km. Coaxial cable 7 db/km at 10 MHz 1 9 km. Optical fibre 0.2 db/km 100 km
Media Attenuation Repeater spacing Twisted pair 10-12 db/km at 1MHz 2 km Coaxial cable 7 db/km at 10 MHz 1 9 km Optical fibre 0.2 db/km 100 km conniq.com provides an excellent tutorial on physical media.
More informationPh.D. Course Spring Wireless Communications. Wirebound Communications
Ph.D. Course Spring 2005 Danyo Danev associate professor Div. Data Transmission, Dept. Electrical Engineering Linköping University SWEDEN Wireless Communications Radio transmissions Mobile telephony Satellite
More informationFurther more all functions as well available in splice trays or splice enclosures (-40 to 85 C)
NETWORK-Cubes Cube Optics NETWORK-Cubes The Cube Optics Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing NETWORK-Cubes are a flexible plugand-play network solution that allows service providers and enterprise companies
More information285E Series DIGITAL FIBER OPTIC AUDIO/DATA TRANSPORT SYSTEM
285E Series DIGITAL FIBER OPTIC AUDIO/DATA TRANSPORT SYSTEM BCI reserves the right to make changes to the products described herein without prior notice or consent. No liability is assumed as a result
More informationDATASHEET FMU-MC04E-A/B, w/expansion Port. Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions
Data Center & Cloud Computing DATASHEET FMU-MC04E-A/B, w/expansion Port 4 Channels Single Fiber CWDM Mux Demux, Plug-in Module, LC/UPC Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions REV.1.0 2018
More informationFMU-MC09-A/B, Pair Packaged DATASHEET. Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions
Data Center & Cloud Computing DATASHEET FMU-MC09-A/B, Pair Packaged 9 Channels Single Fiber CWDM Mux Demux, Plug-in Module, LC/UPC Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions REV.1.0 2018 Overview
More informationCisco EDR 85 System: Modules for Cisco GainMaker and GS7000
Data Sheet Cisco EDR 85 System: Modules for Cisco GainMaker and GS7000 The Cisco Enhanced Digital Return (EDR) 85 System expands the functionality of Cisco GS7000 and Cisco GainMaker Nodes by increasing
More informationAllocation of electromagnetic spectrum
Allocation of electromagnetic spectrum λ= = f 1 In the figure, λ = c/f, where: λ is the wavelength in meters; c is the propagation speed of light (identical to that of a radio wave) in meters per second
More informationDATASHEET. Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions
Data Center & Cloud Computing DATASHEET 16 Channels C27-C42 Dual Fiber DWDM Mux Demux, with Monitor Port, Expansion Port and 1310nm Port, FMU 1U Rack Mount, LC/UPC Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture
More informationOptical networking. Emilie CAMISARD GIP RENATER Optical technologies engineer Advanced IP Services
Optical networking Emilie CAMISARD GIP RENATER Optical technologies engineer Advanced IP Services Agenda Optical fibre principle Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
More informationWDM -Transmission V-1.
WDM -Transmission The recent progress in telecommunication applications for voice, video and data has placed additional demands for fiber optic networks. Adding more fiber to existing networks can be cost-
More informationOne Enterprise. One Infrastructure. One Partner. Optical Fiber Loss Testing. Optical loss testing in the field is not as simple as it seems.
Optical loss testing in the field is not as simple as it seems. Abstract Optical Fiber Loss Testing Optical loss testing of multimode fiber can be affected by many variables, including fiber mismatch,
More informationWilliam Stallings Data and Computer Communications 7 th Edition. Chapter 4 Transmission Media
William Stallings Data and Computer Communications 7 th Edition Chapter 4 Transmission Media Overview Guided - wire Unguided - wireless Characteristics and quality determined by medium and signal For guided,
More informationGS7000 and GainMaker Reverse Segmentable Node bdr Digital Reverse 2:1 Multiplexing System
GS7000 and GainMaker Reverse Segmentable Node bdr Digital Reverse 2:1 Multiplexing System The bdr Digital Reverse 2:1 Multiplexing System expands the functionality of the GS7000 and GainMaker Reverse Segmentable
More informationA presentation of Pirmin Vogel, Benjamin Weber and Marco Karch 2008 by P.V.B.M.M.K. Ltd. & Co KG (release date , ver. 1.
A presentation of Pirmin Vogel, Benjamin Weber and Marco Karch 2008 by P.V.B.M.M.K. Ltd. & Co KG (release date 07 04 08, ver. 1.02) introduction Cablecom canceled many TV channels out of the program to
More informationOptical fibre. Principle and applications
Optical fibre Principle and applications Circa 2500 B.C. Earliest known glass Roman times-glass drawn into fibers Venice Decorative Flowers made of glass fibers 1609-Galileo uses optical telescope 1626-Snell
More informationOptical Transport Technologies and Trends
Optical Transport Technologies and Trends A Network Planning Perspective Sept 1, 2014 Dion Leung, Director of Solutions and Sales Engineering dleung@btisystem.com About BTI Customers 380+ worldwide in
More informationDATASHEET. Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions
Data Center & Cloud Computing DATASHEET 8 Channels 1470-1610nm Dual Fiber CWDM Mux Demux W/Expansion Port, FMU Plug-in Module, LC/UPC Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions REV.1.0 2017
More informationOPTICAL TECHNOLOGY TRAINING
OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY TRAINING Richard Ednay www.ott.co.uk @RichardEdnay WBMMF & SWDM 1 What Whywill do we it do need for How When did they should I me? a What new type is SWDM of develop start it & using
More informationInstalling the Avaya 10-Gigabit
Installing the Avaya 10-Gigabit CHAPTER 1 Uplink Module Overview This document describes the installation of the Avaya 10-Gigabit Uplink Module (Figure 1). Figure 1. 10-Gigabit Uplink Module This document
More informationAdvanced Fibre Testing: Paving the Way for High-Speed Networks. Trevor Nord Application Specialist JDSU (UK) Ltd
Advanced Fibre Testing: Paving the Way for High-Speed Networks Trevor Nord Application Specialist JDSU (UK) Ltd Fibre Review Singlemode Optical Fibre Elements of Loss Fibre Attenuation - Caused by scattering
More information4 Channel Contact Closure DIN Fiber Link System
USER GUIDE RLH Industries, Inc. The leader in rugged fiber optic technology. U-027 2018A-0213 4 Channel Contact Closure DIN Fiber Link System SYSTEM INSTALLATI INFORMATI Description The 4 Channel Contact
More informationNufern 980 nm Select Cut-Off Single-Mode Fiber
Nufern 980 nm Select Cut-Off Single-Mode Fiber Nufern s 980 nm high-performance select cut-off single-mode fibers are optimized for use by component manufacturers in the telecommunications wavelengths.
More informationPresentation Overview
Low-cost WDM Transceiver Technology for 10-Gigabit Ethernet and Beyond Brian E. Lemoff, Lisa A. Buckman, Andrew J. Schmit, and David W. Dolfi Agilent Laboratories Hot Interconnects 2000 Stanford, CA August
More informationDATASHEET. Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions
Data Center & Cloud Computing DATASHEET 18 Channels Dual Fiber CWDM Mux Demux + Monitor Port 1270-1610nm, 1U Rack Mount, LC/UPC Data Center & Cloud Computing Infrastruture Solutions REV.1.0 2017 01 Overview
More informationRXT-1200 Modular Test Platform
CWDM and DWDM Testing RXT-1200 Modular Test Platform Optical Spectrum/Channel Analyzer for CWDM and DWDM Networks Using superior micro-optic design and MEMS tuning technology, the RXT-4500 OSA module measures
More information