Robotizing workforce in future built environments

Transcription

1 Robotizing workforce in future built environments Maas, G.J.; van Gassel, F.J.M. Published: 01/01/2014 Document Version Accepted manuscript including changes made at the peer-review stage Please check the document version of this publication: A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Maas, G. J., & Gassel, van, F. J. M. (2014). Robotizing workforce in future built environments. International Scientific Conference Construction Technology and Management (CTM 2014), September 9-10, 2014, Bratislava, Slovakia, Bratislava, Slovakia. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 01. Jan. 2019

2 Robotizing Workforce in Future Built Environments Ger Maas & Frans van Gassel CTM 2014

3 Safety

4 Safety N. Karl Wiggins, BAM Construction

5 The presenters Frans van Gassel Eindhoven University of Technology (The Netherlands Ger Maas Eindhoven University of Technology and Royal BAM Group (The Netherlands) Construction management & engineering Former Secretary General IAARC Construction management & engineering European strategy in construction

6 Construction management research A method for analyzing unsafe en unhealthy production processes on the construction site. & Design principles to improve creative and collaborative working.

7 The construction sector in EU27 (1) The biggest industrial employer: 10.4% of GDP and 49.2% of Gross Fixed Capital Formation (FIEC, 2008) 30% of industrial employment, 7.6% of total employment (16.3 million operatives) 3 millions enterprises (95% SMEs with <20 workers, local markets, low innovative)

8 The construction sector in EU27 (2) A large influence on the whole economy 48,9 millions workers depending on Construction The buildings/infrastructure supplied by the Construction sector serve a lot of other industries and services

9 The construction sector in EU27 (3) A large influence on the whole economy Construction can make the difference Automation and Robotics can help construction to do so!

10 Smart Grid European policy (1) Challenges: To address and to adapt Climate change Demographic change, Energy supply and security, Food shortages Safety Environmental concerns.

11 European policy (2) Demands: For convenience Low maintenance Automation Flexibility Health improve features Optimal environmental integration

12 From Production to Performance Not just what construction makes Does it fit? Are users happy? Are working conditions safe?

13 Busan Geoje Fixed Link

14

15 Busan Geoje Fixed Link 12m 26,5m

16 Busan Geoje Fixed Link Automation To measure location To measure the flow and waves To control, check and steer tunnel elements

17 Future needs in automation and robotics Human machine technologies Mechanization phases, Labor analysis, Modular construction Construction engineering Process management Design meetings, BIM, Lean management Construction management Performance technologies Active aging Performance engineering Client and Societal values

18 Topics Human machine technologies Mechanization phases, Labor analysis, Modular construction Process management Design meetings, BIM, Lean management Performance technologies Active aging Client and Societal values

19 Mechanization graph (1) Horizontal axis: Control tasks equipment Energy task equipment Vertical axis: Energy supply in production process. Control tasks equipment

20 Mechanization graph (2)

21 Mechanization examples (1) THE NETHERLANDS

22 Mechanization examples (2) JAPAN

23 Mechanization examples (3) JAPAN CHINA

24 Mechanization examples (4) ROTTERDAM R

25 Mechanization examples (5)

26 Topics Human machine technologies Mechanization phases, Labor analysis, Modular construction Process management Design meetings, BIM, Lean management Performance technologies Active aging Client and Societal values

27 Labor analysis (1) Before starting to mechanize and robotize construction processes there is a need to get more insight into the production tasks of the construction worker and equipment. To get this insight an analysis method has been developed. Initial situation Human actions Equipment actions End situation

28 Labor analysis (2) Before starting to mechanize and robotize construction processes there is a need to get more insight into the production tasks of the construction worker and equipment. Initial situation Human actions Equipment actions Mechanization Robotizing End situation To get this insight an analysis method has been developed. Human actions Equipment actions

29 Topics Human machine technologies Mechanization phases, Labor analysis, Modular construction Process management Design meetings, BIM, Lean management Performance technologies Active aging Client and Societal values

30 Modular construction To shift heavy and complex construction tasks from the site to the factory modular construction can be a solution. To design the production process of such modular system a method has been developed and applied.

31 Topics Human machine Technologies Mechanization phases, Labouranalysis, Modulair construction Process management Creative meetings, BIM, Lean management Performance technologies Active aging Client and Societal values

32 Creative meetings (1) Designing mechanized and robotized production processes needs collaboration between all types of professionals. During creative meetings this collaboration can be taken place. Working methods are developed to create new ideas and concepts.

33 1. Making what you think visible: mind maps 2. Group idea creation: brainstorm sessions 3. Systematic idea generation: Systematic Inventive Thinking (SIT) Creative meetings (2) 1 Creativity techniques 3 4. To create insight: simulation games 2 4

34 Creative meetings (3) A creative meeting has to be prepared very carefully. Problem description To obtain really new concepts a certain order of activities is necessary. Problem (re-)formulation Creation ideas Choosing ideas Action planning

35 Topics Human machine technologies Mechanization phases, Labor analysis, Modular construction Process management Design meetings, BIM, Lean management Performance technologies Active aging Client and Societal values

36 BIM (1) Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the life cycle

37 BIM (2) NCC s three stepped approach to VDC, with some typical uses.

38 BIM (3) BIM implementation process of BAM (2013)

39 Topics Human machine technologies Mechanization phases, Labor analysis, Modular construction Process management Design meetings, BIM, Lean management Performance technologies Active aging Client and Societal values

40 Lean management (1) How to start Lean management at project level? Place responsibility as low as possible within the organization The project manager nor the works foreman has the lead during the Lean session The specialists (workforce of BAM Civiel and workforce of subcontractors/supplies) have the lead during the Lean sessions The specialists make interface agreements

41 Key learning: Reverse the hierarchy. Lean management (2) Managers are there to support and enable the site teams and the workforce Work to change key resistors they will become advocates of lean Leadership messages need to be carefully cascaded on large projects The approach can be scaled up for large projects (the supply chain led the planning of work to deliver client outcomes within constraints) Integrate the team(s) - work together e.g. through co-location Interfaces must be owned by the parties interfacing not the main contractor

42 Lean management (3) Transferring this approach to construction focuses on: the reduction of construction period the reduction of the variability the simplification of tasks the increase of transparency the increase of flexibility

43 Lean management (4) Project values 1 Reduction building period (25-50%) Better communication Less stress on the work floor Reduction on general construction costs (e.g. manhours, equipment, offices for staff, rooms for personnel)

44 Lean management (5) Project values 2 Building specialists know what they and the others have to do Building specialists take responsibility for their scope of work, the interfaces and the success of the entire project

45 Topics Human machine technologies Mechanization phases, Labor analysis, Modular construction Process management Design meetings, BIM, Lean management Performance technologies Active aging Client and Societal values

46 Active aging in an aging society (1) The coming decades a discrepancy will arise between the number people who can work and median age of people who are part of our community.

47 X ,600,000 COUNTRIES LARGEST POPULATION 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000, , , , ,000 0 (Koshi, 2014)

48 GLOBAL POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 62% 25% 13% CHINA INDIA United States Indonesia Brazil Pakistan Nigeria Bangladesh Russia Japan Rest (Koshi, 2014)

49 World 1990 (Koshi, 2014)

50 World (Koshi, 2014)

51 (World) 2000 (World) 2020 (World) 2050 (World) 2020 (China) 2020 (India) 2020 (USA) 2020 (Japan) 2020 (Nigeria)

52 POPULATION TRIANGLE SHAPE GENERAL REQUIREMENT FOR AUTOMATION REQUIREMENT FOR JOB CREATION LOW HIGH MED HIGH HIGH LOW (Koshi, 2014)

53 Themes for R&D in active ageing in the built environment Theme 1: Developing business models. Proposing new business models that are able 1: Developing business models. Proposing new business models that are able to exploit the new regulations / methodologies / technologies for building. Theme 2: Housing policies. To support affordable housing and in-home care later in life. Theme to 3: Ageing exploit and consumer the new spending. regulations Attitudes and spending / methodologies patterns with respect / technologies to housing, healthcare for and building. accessibility in particular 4: Housing costs and energy saving. A need for innovative, economical design and building. Theme 5: Ageing 2: Housing at work. Productivity policies. and skills. To The support changing needs affordable of workers and housing employers. and in-home care later in Theme 6: Investment and Infrastructure. Assessing the true economic value of investment in projects for the ageing population particularly in the planning and designing for an ageing populace at an urban level. life. Theme 3: and Ageing in-home and consumer care later spending. life. Attitudes and spending patterns with Theme respect 3: Ageing to housing, and consumer healthcare spending. and accessibility Attitudes in particular. and spending patterns with respect to housing, healthcare and accessibility in particular Theme 4: Housing costs and and energy energy saving. saving. A need A need for for innovative, innovative, economical economical design design and building. and building. Theme 5: 5: Ageing at at work. work. Productivity and and skills. skills. The The changing changing needs needs of workers of workers and and employers. employers. Theme 6: Investment and Infrastructure. Assessing the true economic value of Theme 6: investment Investment in and projects Infrastructure. for the ageing Assessing population the true economic particularly value in the of planning investment and in projects designing for for the an ageing ageing population populace particularly at an urban in the level. planning and designing for an ageing populace at an urban level.

54 Active aging in an aging society (3) Themes: Housing & Daily Living Mobility & Transport Work & Leisure

55 Topics Human machine technologies Mechanization phases, Labor analysis, Modular construction Process management Design meetings, BIM, Lean management Performance technologies Active aging Client and Societal values

56 Client s and societal values

57 Rotterdam Medical Centre (1) City centre of Rotterdam New hospital Condensed urban area No space 31 stories high building In a factory

58 <Wijzig de datum met beeld\kop en voettekst> Koninklijke BAM Groep nv - <vestiging> - <verkorte titel> 57

59 Rotterdam Medical Centre (3) No space 31 stories high building In a factory

60 G Rotterdam Medical Centre (4) Every week one floor in the factory on top of the new building

61 Rotterdam Medical Centre (5) Every week one floor in the factory on top of the new building Prefab wall elements Prefab floor elements In situ top layer at the floor

62 Rotterdam Medical Centre (7)

63 G Rotterdam Medical Centre (8)

64 Rotterdam Medical Centre (9)

65 Rotterdam Medical Centre (10)

66 Rotterdam Medical Centre (11)

67 Rotterdam Medical Centre (12) concrete elements As wall As floor Fixed with dry joints

68 Rotterdam Medical Centre (13) 2 Frames support the steel factory

69 Rotterdam Medical Centre (14) 2 steel beams support the shed from 2 levels below.

70 Rotterdam Medical Centre (15) Hydraulic jacks move the factory up every week one floor

71 Rotterdam Medical Centre (16) Health and Safety conditions Integration of Design and Build Community relation Quality

72 <Wijzig de datum met beeld\kop en voettekst> Koninklijke BAM Groep nv - <vestiging> - <verkorte titel> 71

73 Client s and societal values Process Make work less heavy and more safe Support collaborative design and construction Monitor the performance of the designers/suppliers/contractors Product Create low maintenance products Support aging people at work and at home

74 Thank you for listening and enjoy the CTM 2014 symposium Ger Maas & Frans van Gassel CTM 2014

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