Art History Chapter 1 - GLOBAL PREHISTORY

Transcription

1 Art History Chapter 1 - GLOBAL PREHISTORY

2 Enduring Understanding 1.1 Human expression existed across the globe before the written record. While prehistoric art of Europe has been the focus of many introductions to the history of art, very early art is found worldwide and shares certain features, particularly concern with the natural world and humans place within it.

3 Enduring Understanding 1.1 a) Defined in terms of geological eras or major shifts in climate and environment. Human Behavior & expression was influenced by the changing environments in which they lived. b) Earliest peoples were small groups of hunter-gatherers. Paramount concern was survival, resulting in the creation of practical objects. Practical tools, ritual and symbolic works. Established artistic media: ceramics, painting, incised graphic designs, sculpture, and architecture.

4 Enduring Understanding 1-2 First instances of important artistic media, approaches, and values occurred on different continents, with Africa and Asia preceding and influencing other areas as the human population spread. a) Awareness of fundamental, stable phenomena: macrocosmic ( astronomical cyces), microcosmic (available materials in environment: jade, clay..)

5 Enduring Understanding 1-2 b) Origins of Humanity understood to have begun in Africa & radiated outward. Typically 2-D geometric representations of life forms & natural materials c) Paleolithic communities in West, Central, South, Southeast & East between 70,000 & 40,000 BCE d) Pacific regions, migrations from Asia aprox 45,000 yrs ago due to lowered sea levels

6 Enduring Understanding 1-2 e) Paleolithic & Neolilithic Europe s human figural sculptures provided glimpses into ritual life & showed the connections of naturalism (cosmos, fertility) and abstraction found throughout art s history. f) American continent, indigenous peoples (migrated from Asia before 10,000 BCE) makd sculptures from animal bone & later from clay. Animals & sacred humans dominant subject matter.

7 Enduring Understanding 1-3 Over time, art historians knowledge of global prehistoric art has developed through interdisciplinary collaboration with social and physical scientists. a) Ongoing archaeological excavations & use of carbon-14 dating b) Stratigraphic archaeology c) Function inferred from evidence of technology & survival strategies, culture, food sources

8 Subtractive Sculpture 1-4 Venus of Willendorf Flashcard

9 Spotted Horses and negative hand imprints

10 Apollo 11 Stones New APAH

11 1-11 Hall of the Bulls Flashcard TWISTED PERSPECTIVE combination of frontal and side view. Frontal Side view (profile) faculty.evansville.edu/.../sum04/art html

12 Camelid sacrum in the shape of a canine. Tequixquiac, central Mexico 14, BCE Bone

13 Running horned woman. Tassili n Ajjer, Algeria BCE Earliest example of rock art Dotted marks indicate body paint Featureless face White parallel patterns represent flowing raffia decor Horns shown in twisted perspective or composite are part of ceremonial attire

14 Bushel with ibex motifs. Susa, Iran BCE. Painted terra cotta v=eenfdr4ojzg#t=199

15 Terra cotta fragment. Lapita, Solomon Islands, Reef Islands BCE

16 The Ambum stone Pre-historic zoomorphic figure, Possibly representing the embryo of a longbeaked echidna (spiny anteater) 3500 years ago

17 Tlatilco Female figure, B.C. Ceramic with traces of pigment

18 Jade cong Liangzhu, China BCE Carved jade

19 Notecard Anthropomorphi c stele

20 Flashcard 1-16 Level VI Catal Hoyuk, Turkey COMPOSITE RECONSTRUCTION DRAWING OF A SHRINE ROOM faculty.evansville.edu/.../sum04/art html

21 Megaliths Cromlech or henge Trilithon Post and Lintel Lintel Post

22 Flashcard Significant astronomical alignments at Stonehenge 1-19 Stonehenge faculty.evansville.edu/.../sum04/art html

23 Stonehenge s new theory Stonehenge

24 PERIODIZATION Time period: 30,000 BCE 2300 BCE Paleolithic old stone age mostly nomadic hunter-gatherers Mesolithic Middle Stone Age transitional Neolithic New Stone Age organized settlements with permanent houses, division of labor, cultivation, livestock No written language Tool burin used to incise (scratch)

25 Stylistic Characteristics Media: ceramics, painting, incised graphic designs, sculpture, architecture, portable art Paleolithic mostly animals Cave paintings Sculptures relief, subtractive, in the round Animals strict profile Single figures Mesolithic Human figure in groups Neolithic adds: Humans twisted or composite perspective (combined front & side view) Monumental architecture - Megaliths, trilithons, cromlechs/henge, post & lintel