Offshoring and the Skill Structure of Labour Demand
|
|
- Joan Sherman
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies Offshoring and the Skill Structure of Labour Demand Neil Foster*, Robert Stehrer*, Marcel Timmer #, Gaaitzen de Vries # * The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw) # The University of Groningen Final WIOD Conference: Causes and Consequences of Globalization, Groningen, April 2012 The WIOD-project is funded by the European Commission, Research Directorate General as part of the 7th Framework Programme, Theme 8: Socio-Economic Sciences and Humanities, Grant Agreement no:
2 Offshoring and Labour Markets From the 1980s onwards many countries have seen changes in the relative wage and employment of skilled versus non-skilled workers - For many developed (but also developing countries) an increase in relative wages and/or employment have been observed (Feenstra, 2007) - Data at least for the US since 2000 are less easy to summarise (Feenstra, 2010) Declines in transport and communication costs have made it possible to break apart the production process, with various stages occurring in different countries - Fragmentation, foreign outsourcing, offshoring - Particularly for EU countries: opening up of Eastern European countries with high share of medium educated employed persons Such offshoring generates trade in intermediate inputs, which dominates trade flows - Intermediates represent 55% of goods trade and more than 70% of services trade - These shares have been fairly stable since the mid-1990s at least, but the levels of intermediate trade have grown with trade in general 2
3 Offshoring and Labour Markets To which extent is offshoring a cause of these changes in relative labour demand? Offshoring differs importantly from import penetration in final goods in the sense that it explicitly takes into account the extent to which firms move production (and service) activities abroad. - Labour demand is therefore likely to be affected not only in import-competing industries, but also in all industries that use foreign inputs and services. The impact of offshoring on the labour market may not be limited to changing labour demands between industries therefore, but may also affect the relative demand for labour within industries. - In particular, unskilled labour-intensive stages of production tend to be shifted to unskilled labour-abundant developing countries, while more technologically advanced stages remain in skilled labour-abundant developed countries. Offshoring also helps countries to keep part of industries rather than loosing the whole industry 3
4 Offshoring and Labour Markets Production offshoring has lead to the fear in developed countries especially that outsourcing will tend to reduce the demand for relatively unskilled workers therefore, resulting in either falling wages of unskilled labour and/or increased unemployment of unskilled labour. - From a theoretical perspective however, it is by no means clear that this will be the case in a general equilibrium setting (e.g. Jones and Kierzkowski, 2001; Kohler, 2004). Alternative explanations: skill-biased technological change, institutions, supply-side changes 4
5 Evidence on Offshoring and the Demand for Skilled Labour A number of empirical studies examine the impact of production offshoring on the demand for skilled labour in developed countries (usually concentrating on specific countries) Examples: Feenstra and Hanson (1996; US), Falk and Koebel (2002; Germany); Strauss-Kahn (2003; France), Hijzen et al (2005; UK) - Results tend to suggest that offshoring impacts negatively upon the demand for unskilled labour (exception Falk and Koebel, 2002) - Despite such results the consensus view is that trade was not the major reason for rising wage inequality in the 80s and 90s, with skill biased technological change cited as the major reason The results of Feenstra and Hanson (1996) for example suggest that trade contributed around 31 percent of the increase in non-production wages 5
6 Empirical Model Empirical model is based upon the estimation of a translog cost function (see Berman et al., 1994) Based on this framework the estimating equation is: Where: - s is the share of factor i in total variable costs (i.e. labour and intermediate inputs) - w are factor rewards - K is the capital stock (split into an ICT and non-ict component) - GO is gross output - IID and IIM are measures of domestic and imported intermediate use respectively 6
7 Data and Estimation The model is estimated for 18 countries and 29 industries over the period We limit ourselves to countries for which we have ICT and non-ict capital data from EU- Klems - Some (non-offshorable?) services industries are excluded along with coke, refined petroleum and nuclear fuel Rather than impose the same cost function on all industries we (additionally) report results for different industry types (low, medium, high tech; services and manufacturing) 7
8 Elasticities The elasticity of factor demand for factor j with respect to a change in factor prices will be given by: where if The elasticity of factor demand with respect to a change in the capital stock, output, and domestic and imported intermediates will be given by: 8
9 Measuring Offshoring Intra-Industry (Narrow) Offshoring: Share of imported intermediate inputs from same industry Inter-Industry (Broad) Offshoring: Share of imported intermediate inputs from other industries 9 - O Imported intermediate purchases - V Value-added Analogous measures are constructed for domestic intermediate use
10 Narrow Offshoring Change between 1995 and aus aut bel cze deu dnk esp fin fra gbr hun irl ita jpn nld svn swe usa
11 Broad Offshoring Change between 1995 and aus aut bel cze deu dnk esp fin fra gbr hun irl ita jpn nld svn swe usa 11
12 Cost Shares in 1995 and Changes between 1995 and 2007 Country Low-Skilled Medium-Skilled High-Skilled 1995 Change 1995 Change 1995 Change Australia Austria Belgium Czech Republic Germany Denmark Spain Finland France Great Britain Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Slovenia Sweden USA
13 Regression Results for Narrow Offshoring 1 VARIABLES (1) (2) (3) ** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** ( ) ( ) ( ) * ( ) ( ) ( ) 1.70e ** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) Observations 4,773 4,773 4,773 R-squared
14 Regression Results for Narrow Offshoring 2 VARIABLES (1) (2) (3) All Industries *** *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) Manufacturing Low *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) Manufacturing - Medium *** *** ** ( ) ( ) ( ) Manufacturing - High *** *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) Services - Low ( ) ( ) ( ) Services Medium *** ** ( ) ( ) ( ) Services - High ( ) ( ) ( ) 14
15 Results for Narrow Offshoring - Elasticities VARIABLES (1) (2) (3) All Industries Manufacturing Low Manufacturing - Medium Manufacturing - High Services - Low Services Medium Services - High
16 Regression Results Including Broad Offshoring 1 VARIABLES (1) (2) (3) ** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** -6.99e * ( ) ( ) ( ) *** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) * *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) *** *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) Observations 4,773 4,773 4,773 R-squared
17 Regression Results Including Broad Offshoring 2 (1) (2) (3) VARIABLES NARROW OFFSHORING Manufacturing Low *** * ( ) ( ) ( ) Manufacturing - Medium ( ) ( ) ( ) Manufacturing - High *** ** ( ) ( ) ( ) Services - Low * ** ( ) ( ) ( ) Services Medium ** ( ) ( ) ( ) Services - High ( ) ( ) ( ) BROAD OFFSHORING Manufacturing Low ** ** ( ) ( ) ( ) Manufacturing - Medium ** ( ) ( ) ( ) Manufacturing - High * * ( ) ( ) ( ) Services - Low ** ** ( ) ( ) ( ) Services Medium *** *** ( ) ( ) ( ) Services - High ( ) ( ) ( ) 17
18 Regression Results Including Broad Offshoring - Elasticities (1) (2) (3) VARIABLES NARROW OFFSHORING All Industries Manufacturing Low Manufacturing - Medium Manufacturing - High Services - Low Services Medium Services - High BROAD OFFSHORING All Industries Manufacturing Low Manufacturing - Medium Manufacturing - High Services - Low Services Medium Services - High
19 Offshoring and employment levels Offshoring has - Productivity effect which tends to have negative effect on labour demand - Scale effect which tends to have positive effect on labour demand Estimation strategy - Conditional labour demand equation (for productivity effect) ln L = α0 ict + α j ln wict + βk ln kict + β y ln yict + j - Unconditional labour demand equation (for total effect) ln L = α0 + ict α j ln wict + βk ln kict + β p ln pict + j l l l γ z γ z ilct l ilct - Scale effect is difference between total and productivity effect 19
20 Offshoring and employment levels Conditional Unconditional All All Wage/Materials Price *** *** 20 ( ) ( ) Log Capital Stock 0.550*** 0.669*** Log Output 0.184*** (0.0112) (0.0133) (0.0137) Log Price *** (0.0117) Log ICT Share *** *** ( ) (0.0107) Intra-Ind. Offshoring *** (0.014) (0.0148) Inter-Ind. Offshoring ** (0.0182) (0.0207) Year Dummies Yes Yes Observations 7,922 7,922 R-squared F 261.4*** 283.8*** Productivity effect is negative Total effect is insignificant Scale effect compensates productivity
21 Offshoring and employment levels further results Similar results when looking at manufacturing only Results at country level broadly consistent with these results - Productivity effect tends to be significantly negative in most countries - Overall effect however mixed Results at industry level rather heterogeneous - Negative total effect in textiles, rubber and plastics, electrical equipment and transport equipment - In services generally insignificant, though negative in hotels and restaurants; positive in business services Results by skill categories still have to come 21
22 Summary 22 Narrow and Broad Offshoring have impacted (negatively) upon cost shares for all types of labour - The coefficients are often found to be larger in absolute value when considering the medium-skilled cost share - Due to the relatively large shares of medium-skilled workers however results when considering elasticities are less clear-cut, being larger for low-skilled workers when considering the full sample - Note: Share of high educated was rising, thus offshoring tends to dampen increases Considering differences across industry types: Few significant effects are found in services industries (med-skill services) Offshoring has particularly strong negative effects in high-tech manufacturing Offshoring tends to impact more strongly on medium- and high-skilled cost shares in manufacturing industries Employment levels: Scale effect dominates productivity effect Data with cross-country and cross-industry dimension allow for more differentiated discussion
23 Industry groups - manufacturing 23
24 Industry groups - services 24
THE ECONOMICS OF DATA-DRIVEN INNOVATION
New Engines of Growth Driving Innovation and Trade in Data High-Level Transatlantic Summit 24 April 2014 THE ECONOMICS OF DATA-DRIVEN INNOVATION Opportunities and challenges for Europe Christian.Reimsbach-Kounatze@oecd.org
More informationOECD/ADBI 7th Round Table on Capital Market Reform in Asia October 2005 ADB Institute, Tokyo, Japan
OECD/ADBI 7th Round Table on Capital Market Reform in Asia 27-28 October 2005 ADB Institute, Tokyo, Japan SESSION 4: DEVELOPMENTS IN VENTURE CAPITAL AND PRIVATE EQUITY SINCE THE END OF TECH BUBBLE Mr.
More informationPOWERING AMERICA S AND NEVADA S ADVANCED INDUSTRIES
POWERING AMERICA S AND NEVADA S ADVANCED INDUSTRIES Metropolitan Policy Program at BROOKINGS Las Vegas, October 2014 1 2 3 4 Context What, why Trends Strategy 2 2 3 4 1 Context 3 Real GDP 2005Q1-2014Q2
More informationGOING DIGITAL Trends and Key Policy Issues for Digital Transformation Workshop on Portugal s 2030 Agenda Lisbon, 28 November 2017 Molly Lesher, OECD
GOING DIGITAL Trends and Key Policy Issues for Digital Transformation Workshop on Portugal s 2030 Agenda Lisbon, 28 November 2017 Molly Lesher, OECD Outline Trends in Digital Transformation The OECD Going
More informationRobots at Work. Georg Graetz. Uppsala University, Centre for Economic Performance (LSE), & IZA. Guy Michaels
Robots at Work Georg Graetz Uppsala University, Centre for Economic Performance (LSE), & IZA Guy Michaels London School of Economics & Centre for Economic Performance 2015 IBS Jobs Conference: Technology,
More informationDATA-DRIVEN INNOVATION
Working Group on Legal Questions related to the Development of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence 26 May 2015 DATA-DRIVEN INNOVATION and the implications on jobs and skills Christian.Reimsbach-Kounatze@oecd.org
More informationInnovation in Europe: Where s it going? How does it happen? Stephen Roper Aston Business School, Birmingham, UK
Innovation in Europe: Where s it going? How does it happen? Stephen Roper Aston Business School, Birmingham, UK Email: s.roper@aston.ac.uk Overview Innovation in Europe: Where is it going? The challenge
More informationInnovation and Growth in the Lagging Regions of Europe. Neil Lee London School of Economics
Innovation and Growth in the Lagging Regions of Europe Neil Lee London School of Economics n.d.lee@lse.ac.uk Introduction Innovation seen as vital for growth in Europe (Europa 2020) Economic growth Narrowing
More informationWestern Europe 2017 FX
1 Road coverage Navigation SD card 8 GB ~100 % detailed street Important road 2 Sales arguments This SD card provides updated navigation data with a coverage of ~100 % of detailed roads in 28 European
More informationEurope Turkey MCA Major Roads of South East Europe
1) Road coverage Navigation SD card 8 GB ~100 % detailed street Connector road 2) Sales arguments This SD card provides updated navigation data with a coverage of ~100 % of detailed roads in European countries
More informationEurope Turkey MFD Major Roads of South East Europe
1) Road coverage Navigation SD card 8 GB ~100 % detailed street Connector road 2) Sales arguments This SD card provides updated navigation data with a coverage of ~100 % of detailed roads in European countries
More informationDemographics and Robots by Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo
Demographics and Robots by Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo Discussion by Valerie A. Ramey University of California, San Diego and NBER EFEG July 14, 2017 1 Merging of two literatures 1. The Robots
More informationWestern Europe 2018 FX
1 Road coverage Navigation SD card 8 GB ~100 % detailed street Important road 2 Sales arguments This SD card provides updated navigation data with a coverage of ~100 % of detailed roads in 28 European
More informationCreativity and Economic Development
Creativity and Economic Development A. Bobirca, A. Draghici Abstract The objective of this paper is to construct a creativity composite index designed to capture the growing role of creativity in driving
More informationRobots and Jobs: Evidence from US labor markets
Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US labor markets Daron Acemoglu 1 Pascual Restrepo 2 1 MIT: daron@mit.edu 2 Boston University pascual@bu.edu January 2018 Industrial Robots Automatic and multipurpose machines
More informationTHE EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPATIAL ARCHITECTURE OF CLUSTERING AND VALUE NETWORKS
THE EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPATIAL ARCHITECTURE OF CLUSTERING AND VALUE NETWORKS OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry Indicators and Analysis for Science, Technology and Innovation
More informationCRC Association Conference
CRC Association Conference Brisbane, 17 19 May 2011 Productivity and Growth: The Role and Features of an Effective Innovation Policy Jonathan Coppel Economic Counsellor to OECD Secretary General 1 Outline
More informationEconomic crisis, European Welfare State Models and Inequality
Economic crisis, European Welfare State Models and Inequality Carlos Ochando Claramunt Department of Applied Economics, University of Valencia (Spain) Carlos.Ochando@uv.es Paper presented to XIII International
More informationEurope DVD 2018 EX-V (VX) for TravelPilot
Europe DVD 2018 EX-V (VX) for TravelPilot 1 Road network coverage Navigation DVD-ROM ~100 % detailed street network Connector road network Not covered 2 Sales arguments This DVD-ROM provides navigation
More informationOECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2008: Highlights
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2008: Highlights Global dynamics in science, technology and innovation Investment in science, technology and innovation has benefited from strong economic
More informationThe political economy of income distribution: industry level evidence from Austria and the OECD
The political economy of income distribution: industry level evidence from Austria and the OECD Özlem Onaran and Alexander Guschanski This project received funding from the Chamber of Labour Outline Functional
More informationEurope DVD 2015 EX-V (VX) for TravelPilot
1 Road network coverage Navigation DVD-ROM ~100 % detailed street network Connector road network Not covered 2 Sales arguments This DVD-ROM provides navigation data with a coverage of ~100 % of detailed
More informationBackground material 1
Background material 1 European Value Chains Manufacturing production in the EU became more integrated within European value chains A few large firms are intensively involved in GVCs, but these large firms
More informationUEAPME Think Small Test
Think Small Test and Small Business Act Implementation Scoreboard Study Unit Brussels, 6 November 2012 1. Introduction The Small Business Act (SBA) was approved in December 2008, laying out seven concrete
More informationTechnology Diffusion and Income Inequality:
Technology Diffusion and Income Inequality: how augmented Kuznets hypothesis could explain ICT diffusion? Miguel Torres Preto Motivation: Technology and Inequality This study aims at making a contribution
More informationASSESSMENT OF DYNAMICS OF THE INDEX OF THE OF THE INNOVATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF LATVIA
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И УСТОЙЧИВО РАЗВИТИЕ 2/2013 (39) MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2/2013 (39) ASSESSMENT OF DYNAMICS OF THE INDEX OF THE OF THE INNOVATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF
More informationMeasuring Romania s Creative Economy
2011 2nd International Conference on Business, Economics and Tourism Management IPEDR vol.24 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Measuring Romania s Creative Economy Ana Bobircă 1, Alina Drăghici 2+
More informationFrom Goldrush to Collapse
From Goldrush to Collapse Explaining Iceland s Financial Rise and Fall Stefán Ólafsson University of Iceland After the Goldrush Plenum lecture at a conference organized by the Faculty of Human and Social
More informationEnglish - Or. English NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY COMMITTEE ON THE SAFETY OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS FINAL REPORT AND ANSWERS TO QUESTIONNAIRE
Unclassified NEA/CSNI/R(2003)3 NEA/CSNI/R(2003)3 Unclassified Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 04-Feb-2003 English - Or.
More informationOECD s Innovation Strategy: Key Findings and Policy Messages
OECD s Innovation Strategy: Key Findings and Policy Messages 2010 MIT Europe Conference, Brussels, 12 October Dirk Pilat, OECD dirk.pilat@oecd.org Outline 1. Why innovation matters today 2. Why policies
More informationBuilding an enterprise-centred innovation system
Building an enterprise-centred innovation system Ken Warwick Chair, OECD CIIE Deputy Chief Economic Adviser UK Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Themes Enterprise and innovation
More informationLesson 2.1 Linear Regression
Lesson 2.1 Linear Regression Activity 1 Line of Best Fit The scatterplot shows the area, E, of the Amazon rain forest remaining, in thousands of square kilometers, > years after 1980. > E 6 3745 8 3724
More informationGeneral Questionnaire
General Questionnaire CIVIL LAW RULES ON ROBOTICS Disclaimer This document is a working document of the Committee on Legal Affairs of the European Parliament for consultation and does not prejudge any
More informationInnovation and Canada s Ability to Compete Globally. Atlantic Leaders Summit
Innovation and Canada s Ability to Compete Globally Atlantic Leaders Summit February 2015 Introduction Canada has an innovation and productivity challenge in a world oriented towards intense competition
More informationWestern Europe Ford FX 2017
1) Road coverage Navigation SD Card 8 GB ~100 % detailed street Connector road 2) Sales arguments This SD Card provides updated navigation data with a coverage of ~100 % of detailed roads in Western European
More informationNetherlands Observatory of Science and Technology (NOWT)
Netherlands Observatory of Science and Technology (NOWT) The Dutch version of the Netherlands S&T Indicators Report and this English summary are biennial publications of the Netherlands Observatory of
More informationDoes exposure to university research matter to high-potential entrepreneurship?
Does exposure to university research matter to high-potential entrepreneurship? AIMILIA PROTOGEROU, YANNIS CALOGHIROU, NICHOLAS S. VONORTAS LABORATORY OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENERGY ECONOMICS, NATIONAL TECHNICAL
More informationCentral and Eastern Europe Statistics 2005
Central and Eastern Europe Statistics 2005 An EVCA Special Paper November 2006 Edited by the EVCA Central and Eastern Europe Task Force About EVCA The European Private Equity and Venture Capital Association
More informationInnovation policy mixes and implications on HEIs - emerging conclusions from the OECD innovation policy reviews
Innovation policy mixes and implications on HEIs - emerging conclusions from the OECD innovation policy reviews Gernot Hutschenreiter Country Studies and Outlook Division Directorate for Science, Technology
More informationARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDS AND POLICY ISSUES
International Institute of Communications AI Workshop Mexico City, October 9 2018 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDS AND POLICY ISSUES Roberto Martínez-Yllescas Head of the OECD Mexico Centre for Latin America
More informationPatent Statistics as an Innovation Indicator Lecture 3.1
as an Innovation Indicator Lecture 3.1 Fabrizio Pompei Department of Economics University of Perugia Economics of Innovation (2016/2017) (II Semester, 2017) Pompei Patents Academic Year 2016/2017 1 / 27
More informationPublic and private R&D Spillovers
Public and private R&D Spillovers and Productivity at the plant level: Technological and geographic proximity By René Belderbos, Kenta Ikeuchi, Kyoji fukao, Young Gak Kim and Hyeog ug kwon Harald Edquist
More informationOverview of the potential implications of Brexit for EU27 Industry and Space Policy
Overview of the potential implications of Brexit for EU27 Industry and Space Policy Reinhilde Veugelers Senior Fellow at Bruegel Professor at KU Leuven Workshop at the European Parliament on Brexit and
More informationThe Macroeconomic Studies on the Benefits of Standards: A Summary, Assessment and Outlook
The Macroeconomic Studies on the Benefits of Standards: A Summary, Assessment and Outlook Knut Blind Professor for Innovation Economics at the Technical University of Berlin Head of Research Group Public
More informationClose the gender pay gap.
Close the gender pay gap Summary What is the gender pay gap? Why does the gender pay gap persist? What action has the EU taken? Why does it matter? The gender pay gap across the lifecycle What can be done?
More informationInnovation, Diffusion and Trade
Innovation, Diffusion and Trade Theory and Measurement Ana Maria Santacreu NYU Innovation, Diffusion and Trade p. 1/14 Motivation China GDPpc growth(*) 0 2 4 6 8 Ireland Poland Korea Hungary Slovakia Slovenia
More informationBusiness Clusters and Innovativeness of the EU Economies
Business Clusters and Innovativeness of the EU Economies Szczepan Figiel, Professor Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland Dominika Kuberska, PhD University
More informationTHE DIGITALISATION CHALLENGES IN LITHUANIAN ENGINEERING INDUSTRY. Darius Lasionis LINPRA Director November 30, 2018 Latvia
THE DIGITALISATION CHALLENGES IN LITHUANIAN ENGINEERING INDUSTRY Darius Lasionis LINPRA Director November 30, 2018 Latvia THE ENGINEERING INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF LITHUANIA (LINPRA) is an independent
More informationTHE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF CORPORATE R&D AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE R&D IN EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE
THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF CORPORATE R&D AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE R&D IN EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE Petr Pavlínek University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA Charles University in Prague, Czechia CHANGING
More informationNetherlands Observatory of Science and Technology. Science and Technology Indicators Summary
2008 Netherlands Observatory of Science and Technology Science and Technology Indicators Summary Science and Technology Indicators 2008 Summary Netherlands Observatory of Science and Technology NOWT This
More informationMSMES: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE SDG AGENDA
MSMES: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE SDG AGENDA Global Symposium on the role of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) UN
More informationEUROPEAN MANUFACTURING SURVEY EMS
EUROPEAN MANUFACTURING SURVEY EMS RIMPlus Final Workshop Brussels December, 17 th, 2014 Christian Lerch Fraunhofer ISI Content 1 2 3 4 5 EMS A European research network EMS firm-level data of European
More informationHow big is China s Digital Economy
How big is China s Digital Economy Alicia Garcia Herrero Senior Fellow, Bruegel Jianwei Xu Beijing Normal University & Bruegel November 2017 Roadmap 1. Motivation 2. Internationally comparable measures
More informationCOMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 11.9.2002 SEC(2002) 929 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING PAPER in support of the Commission Communication MORE RESEARCH FOR EUROPE Towards 3% of GDP {COM(2002)499
More informationthe Reinsurance Mechanism
The European Unemployment Insurance 2.0: the Reinsurance Mechanism Miroslav Beblavý (with Daniel Gros and Ilaria Maselli) CEPS Why Reinsurance? Appropriateness of the solution always depends on problem
More informationICMR 2012: Radio and Audio
DRAFT ICMR 2012: Radio and Audio Steven Cape 1 Fig. 4.1 Key radio market indicators: 2011 UK FRA GER ITA USA CAN JPN AUS ESP NED SWE IRL POL BRA RUS IND CHN Total industry revenue ( bn) Revenue change
More informationCDP-EIF ITAtech Equity Platform
CDP-EIF ITAtech Equity Platform New financial instruments to support technology transfer in Italy TTO Circle Meeting, Oxford June 22nd 2017 June, 2017 ITAtech: the "agent for change" in TT landscape A
More informationTHE 12 COUNTRIES IN OUR SAMPLE
THE 12 COUNTRIES IN OUR SAMPLE We modeled the economic impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in 12 developed countries that currently make up 50 percent of global gross domestic product (GDP). Austria
More informationBelgium % Germany % Greece % Spain % France % Ireland % Italy % Cyprus % Luxembourg 0.
ISSUE OF BANKNOTES IN THE EUROSYSTEM Euro banknotes 1 represent a legal tender in all the participating member states; freely circulating within the euro area; they are reissued by members of the Eurosystem
More informationTechnology Licensing
Technology Licensing Nicholas S. Vonortas Department of Economics & Center for International Science and Technology Policy The George Washington University Conference IPR, Innovation and Economic Performance
More informationResearch DG. European Commission. Sharing Visions. Towards a European Area for Foresight
Sharing Visions Towards a European Area for Foresight Sharing Visions Towards a European Area for Foresight Europe s knowledge base : key challenges The move towards a European Research Area (ERA) ERA
More informationVTT TECHNOLOGY STUDIES. KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY BAROMETER Mika Naumanen Technology Studies VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY BAROMETER Mika Naumanen Technology Studies VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Knowledge society barometer Economic survey -type of tool to assess a nation s inclination towards
More informationScience & Technology Cooperation Workshop
Science & Technology Cooperation Workshop co-organised by the European Union Delegation to Thailand and the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Sofitel Bangkok Sukhumvit Hotel 11
More informationRadio frequencies designated for enhanced road safety in Europe - C-Roads position on the usage of the 5.9 GHz band
Radio frequencies designated for enhanced road safety in Europe - C-Roads position on the usage of the 5.9 GHz band The brings together road authorities and operators currently covering 16 Member States
More informationOECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2010 Highlights
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 21 OECD 21 OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 21 Highlights Innovation can play an important role in the economic recovery Science, technology and
More informationWelcome to the IFR Press Conference 30 August 2012, Taipei
Welcome to the IFR Press Conference 3 August 212, Taipei Continued success of the robotics industry Welcome by IFR President Dr. Shinsuke Sakakibara Presentation of the results of World Robotics 212 Industrial
More informationTowards a New IP Consciousness in Universities and R&D Institutions: Case Show
IP Policy for Universities and Research and Development Institutions Tallinn, Estonia April 3, 2014 Towards a New IP Consciousness in Universities and R&D Institutions: Case Show Laurent Manderieux L.
More informationTHE DIFFERENCES OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Vol. 7, No.1, Summer 2018 2012 Published by JSES. THE DIFFERENCES OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Cristina Burlacioiu a, Andrei Dennis Cruceru b, Cristina Boboc c, Constantin Mitrut d Abstract
More informationExecutive Summary World Robotics 2018 Industrial Robots
Executive Summary World Robotics 2018 Industrial Robots 13 Executive Summary World Robotics 2018 Industrial Robots Robot Sales 2017: Impressive growth In 2017, robot sales increased by 30% to 381,335 units,
More informationOECD Innovation Strategy: Developing an Innovation Policy for the 21st Century
OECD Innovation Strategy: Developing an Innovation Policy for the 21st Century Andrew Wyckoff, OECD / STI Tokyo, 4 February 2010 Overview 1. The OECD Innovation Strategy 2. The innovation imperative 3.
More informationH2020 Excellent science arie Skłodowska-Curie Actions. Your research career in Europe. 17 November 2015
H2020 Excellent science arie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Your research career in Europe 17 November 2015 As a researcher I want to undertake a project in Europe, in an academic or other (e.g. business) setting
More informationMicro Dynamics of Knowledge - The role of KIBS in Cumulative and Combinatorial Knowledge Dynamics
Micro Dynamics of Knowledge - The role of KIBS in Cumulative and Combinatorial Knowledge Dynamics Simone Strambach Exploring Knowledge Intensive Business Services University of Padua 17th 18th March 2011
More informationOVERVIEW THE INDONESIA TEXTILE INDUSTRY
OVERVIEW THE INDONESIA TEXTILE INDUSTRY RAMON BANGUN Director of Textile and Multifarious Industry Directorate General for Manufacturing Industry Base Ministry of Industry October, 2014 1 Non Oil Industries
More informationOBSTACLES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE PECS INDUSTRY TO PARTICIPATE IN ESA PROGRAMMES SPACE4SME PROJECT. Prague April 25, 2008
OBSTACLES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE PECS INDUSTRY SPACE4SME PROJECT Prague April 25, 2008 Silvia Ciccarelli (AIPAS) - SPACE4SME Project Manager THE SPACE4SME PROJECT Commissioned by Project Coordinator
More informationThe International Communications Market Radio & audio
The International Communications Market 2010 4 4 Radio & audio 181 Contents 4.1 Radio and audio market summary 183 4.1.1 Key radio market indicators 183 4.1.2 Radio revenues decline from 2005-2009 183
More informationFalling Behind on ICT Adoption Indicators: Can We Afford This?
IV.2 Falling Behind on ICT Adoption Indicators: Can We Afford This? John W. Houghton Introduction Like many countries, Australia faces a dilemma in developing a leading-edge information infrastructure.
More informationJoão Cadete de Matos. João Miguel Coelho Banco de Portugal Head of the Current and Capital Accounts Statistics Unit
Challenges in Knowledge Intensive Services: The Technology Balance of Payments 2nd European Conference on Intellectual Capital 2nd Lisbon, International 28-29 29-30 June, March Workshop 2010 /Sharing Best
More informationPre-Commercial Procurement (PCP) Actions
Pre-Commercial Procurement (PCP) Actions Open call in Objective 11.1 Targeted Calls in objectives 5.1(d), 11.2, 11.3, 8.2, 5.1(e)(1), 2.2(b) lieve.bos@ec.europa.eu EU Commission, DG INFSO Lisbon policy
More informationStrengthening research and innovation capabilities
Strengthening research and innovation capabilities ALICIA BÁRCENA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY Seminar Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights Brussels, 8 June, 2015 CELAC-EU: In need of a revised architecture
More informationEastern Europe 2018 FX
1 Road coverage Navigation SD card 8 GB ~100 % detailed street Important road 2 Sales arguments This SD card provides updated navigation data with a coverage of nearly 100 % of detailed roads in 16 countries
More informationEXECUTIVE SUMMARY. Robot sales to the fabricated metal products industry, the chemical industry and the food industry increased substantially.
2006 World Robot Market EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Total world-wide sales: 112,200 units, down 11% on 2005 World total stock of operational industrial robots: 951,000 units,3% greater than 2005 The world market
More informationBRIDGING THE DIGITAL GENDER DIVIDE INCLUDE, UPSKILL, INNOVATE
BRIDGING THE DIGITAL GENDER DIVIDE INCLUDE, UPSKILL, INNOVATE This brochure presents the key messages of a report produced by staff in the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation (STI),
More informationEconomic Outlook for 2016
Economic Outlook for 2016 Arturo Bris Professor of Finance, IMD Director, IMD World Competitiveness Center Yale International Center for Finance European Corporate Governance Institute 2015 IMD International.
More informationThe Future of Intangibles
The Future of Intangibles Prof. Hannu Piekkola University of Vaasa Finland Safe and Ethical Cyberspace, digital assets and risks: How to assess the intangible impacts of a growing phenomenon? UNESCO, June
More informationChallenges and Expectations for Today s Innovation Support
Challenges and Expectations for Today s Innovation Uwe Cantner Friedrich Schiller University Jena & University of Southern Denmark, Odense Berlin, June 10, 2015 TAFTIE 2015 Annual Conference Complex Innovation:
More informationR&D in WorldScan. Paul Veenendaal
R&D in WorldScan Paul Veenendaal Outline WorldScan characteristics How is R&D modelled? Spillover estimates and their implications Extension: R&D workers are difficult to attract Lisbon agenda targets
More informationEU Ecolabel EMAS Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) State-of-play and evaluations
EU Ecolabel EMAS Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) State-of-play and evaluations Pierre Henry DG Environment B1 3 instruments of Circular Economy action plan Improving the efficiency and uptake
More informationImpact of Information Technology on Construction Industry
Impact of Information Technology on Construction Industry Dr. Kailash Mohapatra 1, Dr. Dipti Prasad Mishra 2 1Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, REC, Bhuaneswar, Odisha, India 2Professor,
More informationR&D and innovation activities in companies across Global Value Chains
R&D and innovation activities in companies across Global Value Chains 8th IRIMA workshop Corporate R&D & Innovation Value Chains: Implications for EU territorial policies Brussels, 8 March 2017 Objectives
More informationNumber of divorced persons as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and older
Life Domain: Population, Households and Families Goal Dimension: Socio-Economic Structure Measurement Dimension: Population and Household Structure Subdimension: Structure of Population by Marital Status
More informationChapter 2: Effect of the economic crisis on R&D investment 60
Chapter 2: Effect of the economic crisis on R&D investment 60 Chapter 2 Effect of the economic crisis on R&D investment Highlights In 2008 2009, R&D expenditure was more resilient to the financial crisis
More informationTrade and Global Value Chains in the EU: a Dynamic Augmented Gravity Model FIRST DRAFT
Trade and Global Value Chains in the EU: a Dynamic Augmented Gravity Model FIRST DRAFT Pierluigi Montalbano a,, Silvia Nenci b, Lavinia Rotili c a Department of Economics and Social Sciences - Sapienza,
More informationJoint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management
JC/RM3/02/Rev2 Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management Third Review Meeting of the Contracting Parties 11 to 20 May 2009, Vienna, Austria
More informationAssessing the socioeconomic. public R&D. A review on the state of the art, and current work at the OECD. Beñat Bilbao-Osorio Paris, 11 June 2008
Assessing the socioeconomic impacts of public R&D A review on the state of the art, and current work at the OECD Beñat Bilbao-Osorio Paris, 11 June 2008 Public R&D and innovation Public R&D plays a crucial
More informationMeasuring the Upstreamness of Production and Trade
Measuring the Upstreamness of Production and Trade Pol Antràs, Davin Chor, Thibault Fally and Russell Hillberry Harvard, SMU, Colorado & Melbourne 8 Jan 2012 AEA meetings ACFH (Harvard, SMU, Colorado &
More informationEU businesses go digital: Opportunities, outcomes and uptake
Digital Transformation Scoreboard 2018 EU businesses go digital: Opportunities, outcomes and uptake February 2018 Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs Executive summary Conditions and outcomes
More information11 Types of Innovation Networks Clusters. Introduction. Keywords Clusters, networks, regional economy
11 Types of Innovation Networks Keywords Clusters, networks, regional economy After reading this component you will have learnt the importance of clustering nowadays. Although the component has an economic
More informationFramework Programme 7 and SMEs. Amaury NEVE European Commission DG Research - Unit T4: SMEs
Framework Programme 7 and SMEs Amaury NEVE European Commission DG Research - Unit T4: SMEs Outline 1. SMEs and R&D 2. The Seventh Framework Programme 3. SMEs in Cooperation 4. SMEs in People 5. SMEs in
More informationFinnish STI Policy
Finnish STI Policy 2011 2015 2015 INNOVATION BRIDGES Nordic Slovak Innovation Forum October 26, Bratislava Ilkka Turunen Secretary General Research and Innovation Council of Finland Finland is one of the
More informationEU Livestock subsidies' effect on red meat consumption
EU Livestock subsidies' effect on red meat consumption Nutrition, Physical Activity & Cancer Prevention: Current Challenges, New Horizons September 13, 2010 EPHAC (conflicts of interest) Brussels based
More information