Machining Laboratory Regulations and Safety

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Catherine May
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1 Machining Laboratory Regulations and Safety General Laboratory Regulations Each person using the manufacturing laboratory is expected to comply with the following rules and regulations failure to do so may result in lowering of the student s grade or loss of the privilege to use the equipment. 1. Dress correctly. Machinists in most shops wear either an apron or a shop coat. You should never wear loose clothing. Anything worn loosely such as a sweater or necktie, may be caught in the moving parts of a machine and result in an injury to you. Remove your necktie or tuck it into your shirt close to your collar. Remove all jewelry such as rings and wrist watches. Rings can catch on turning parts of machines and pull your finger off. Keep your hair cut reasonably short. 2. Always protect your eyes. There is only one way to protect your eyesight and that is by wearing safety glasses or an eye shield. On many machine-shop jobs, there is always danger from flying chips or particles from grinding wheels. They can cause damage or loss of sight to your eyes. Be wise, protect your eyes. For 100 percent eye protection at all times, we require everyone in the shop to wear safety glasses. Safety glasses are more comfortable than glass eyes! 3. Remember: a shop is a place to work. Always attend strictly to business and keep your mind on what you are doing. Daydreaming and talking can cause serious trouble. Do now allow others to be near a machine you are working on. One moment of carelessness may mean a lifetime of sorrow. 4. Always be neat and clean. Do your part in the necessary shopkeeping. Remember: There is a place for everything, and you must keep everything in its place. Keep the area around the machine clean and free of oil. Keep tools properly arranged. 5. Know your job and follow instructions. After you have been given instructions, don t try to be different just this once. If you lose a finger or an eye, you will always be different. Don t guess at the correct way to do a job. Go over the instructions carefully, and if you still don t understand, ask your instructor. Asking another student is not the safe way. 6. Know your machine. Make sure the guards are in place, especially after repairs have been made. Make certain that all clamps holding the work are tight. Always stop a machine before making any adjustments or taking measurements. Be sure keys and wrenches are removed before starting a machine. Knowing how to stop a machine is just as important as knowing how to start it. 7. Keep your hands away from all moving parts. You must resist the temptation to feel the machined surface of the work while the machine is running. Fingers have been lost this way. It is never necessary to rub your fingers over a finished surface, and to do so is a dangerous habit.

2 8. Never try to remove chips with your fingers. Metal chips have many razor-sharp edges. They will cut your fingers or become embedded in your skin, and they may be the cause of an infection. Always use a brush, a piece of metal, or a stick to remove chips. Never use your hands. 9. Keep the floor around your machine clear of metal chips and waste pieces of stock. Scrap pieces and long curly chips are tripping hazards. Put them in a waste can provided for such chips, and place the stock where it belongs. Sharp chips can cut through the thin soles of your shoes and cause an injury. 10. Learn how to grind and adjust cutting tools so the chips will be short. There is a way to grind cutting tools so the chips they form will break off short. Long, sharp chips are dangerous and usually unnecessary. We will be using inserts that are fabricated to make short chips. If you are making long chips, your insert may be damaged. 11. Use and care for hand tools correctly. Never carry sharp-pointed tools in your pocket. Make sure that files and screwdrivers have handles. There is a correct use for each hand tool. Accidents and injuries result when they are used incorrectly. 12. Take care of cuts and bruises, no matter how small. Report every accident to your instructor. Make sure that you have cuts, burns, and bruises taken care of by someone who knows first aid. An accident report form may be necessary on some types and degrees of injuries. What follows are tool specific safety instructions, review them before using each tool. LATHE SAFETY 1. You must not attempt to operate a lathe until you have received instructions from your instructor and have passed a written safety test. 2. Correct dress is important. Remove rings and wrist watches. Roll up your sleeves. Wear an apron. Put on your safety glasses. Do not wear sweaters or neckties. 3. It is both dangerous and foolish to try to lift heavy chucks and attachments alone. Always get help. 4. Always make certain your work is set up securely and tightly when using chucks and collets. 5. When holding work between centers, make sure you use the LIVE CENTERS IN THE TAILSTOCK. 6. Tool bits must be sharp and ground to the correct shape. Be sure they are set at the proper height and angle to the work. 7. Guards over belts and gears must never be removed unless you first get permission from your instructor. The power must be shut off at the switchboard before removing guards for any reason.

3 8. After setting up the lathe, remove all wrenches, oil cans, and other tools from the work area. When work is held on a faceplate, turn the faceplate by hand for a complete revolution to make certain the work will not strike any part of the lathe. 9. Always stop the lathe before making adjustments of any kind. 10. Do not change spindle speeds until the lathe comes to a dead stop. Depends on machine power train design. See machine manual. 11. Never attempt to measure work while it is turning. 12. Never file lathework unless the file has a handle. 13. It is dangerous practice to leave a chuck wrench in the chuck even for a moment. 14. Keep rags, cotton waste, and brushes away from knurling tools while knurling the work. 15. It is unsafe to have small-diameter work extend more than an inch or two from a chuck or collet unless it is supported by the tailstock center. 16. You should always know in what direction and how fast the carriage or cross-feed will move before you turn on the automatic feeds. 17. Be very careful not to run the carriage or compound slide into the turning chuck. 18. When you hear unusual noises from your machine, stop the lathe and find out what is causing them. If you don t know, see your instructor. 19. You must always start and stop your own machine never let other students do this for you. Do not allow others to fool with or loaf around your machine. Accidents happen when your mind is distracted. 20. When adjusting the work or removing it from the lathe, always remove the tool bit, or turn the holder, so your hand will not slip against it. When gaging a bored hole with a plug gage, be sure to wrap a rag around the cutting tool or move it a good safe distance from the hole. If the gage lets go suddenly, you will puncture your hand against the cutting tool. 1. Never leave the chuck key in the chuck. DRILL PRESS SAFETY 2. Keep the floor around the machine clean. 3. Clamp the workpiece securely. Never hold thin or small work with your hands use a drill vise. 4. Always use a brush to remove chips never your hands. 5. Don t try to stop the spindle after the power is shut off by grasping it with your hands.

4 6. Never touch or try to handle long spiral chips with your hands. 7. Apply oil to cutting tools with a small brush. Do not spill oil on the machine or floor. A few drops in the right place is all that is needed. 8. Keep your head away from the turning spindle. Your hair will become wound around the spindle, and you will lose your hair and some scalp. 9. Always ease up on the down-feed pressure as the drill begins to break through the hole. Heavy feed will cause the drill to dig in, and the drill may break or pull the work lose. 10. Never attempt to drill brass, copper, or bronze with a drill ground for steel. It will dig in and break, ruin the work, or cause an injury. Ask your instructor to show you how to grind the drill. MILLING MACHINE SAFETY 1. You must not attempt to operate a milling machine until you have received instructions from your instructor. 2. Before operating the milling machine, be sure you know how to stop it quickly. If an emergency should arise, it is just as important to know how to stop a machine as to start it. 3. Do not lean against or rest your hands on the moving table. This careless habit may cost you your fingers some day. 4. Keep your fingers and hands away from all moving cutters. There is never any reason to place your fingers near a turning cutter. Stop the machine first. 5. Never attempt to reach over a revolving cutter. Stop the machine. 6. Never wear long sleeves or sweaters while working on a machine tool. Always wear safety glasses to protect your eyes. 7. It is dangerous to use cutters, wrenches, and other tools which do not fit your machine properly. 8. When using large wrenches, be sure to brace yourself properly. If the wrench slips or the nut loosens suddenly, you can be injured. 9. When using the saws, be sure there is no spring in the work. Make sure the vise and the work are securely fastened. The pieces of a broken saw will fly like a bullet. 10. It is very dangerous to use rags, cotton waste, or a cleaning brush near a moving cutter. 11. You must never attempt to set up work, make adjustments, or try to measure work while the cutter is turning. Stop the machine first.

5 12. When removing cutters, always hold a rag or cloth over the cutter to prevent being cut. 13. Do not attempt to lift heavy attachments alone. Get help. When placing heavy attachments on the table, first lower the table as far as it will go. 14. Remove all chips with a brush never with your hands. 15. Never permit another person to start or stop a machine for you. 16. When mounting the arbor support, keep your fingers away from the bearing hole. Many fingers have been injured when the arbor support is pushed in.

The Machining Lab. The grading for this portion of the class will be as follows:

The Machining Lab. The grading for this portion of the class will be as follows: The Machining Lab 1.0 Expected Learning Outcomes Understand how to operate common machine shop equipment safely. Demonstrate capability to use machine shop equipment to fabricate simple experimental apparatus.