General Lathe Set Up. Lathe Manual JH compilation

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "General Lathe Set Up. Lathe Manual JH compilation"

Randolf Hensley
6 years ago
Views:

1 General Lathe Set Up Lathe Manual JH compilation

2 Machine Shop Safety... 2 General Lathe Set-Up... 4 Facing, Turning, and Shouldering:... 4 Three things matter with your tool bit position: Height, 2. Front clearance and 3. Side clearance. See below Identifying a Quality Tool-bit Set-up... 6 The complete set-up... 7 Facing:... 8 Turning and Shouldering... 8 Centerdrill/Countersink: Tapping on a Lathe: Lathe Speeds and Other Rules For Facing and Turning of Diameter of Soft Metal Stock For Facing and Turning of Diameter of Plastic Stock For Drilling on the Lathe Other Rules of Lathe Use Machine Tool Items and Shop Supplies Commonly Purchased from Travers Tool Description Part Number Decimal Equivalents Tap Drill Size Chart Machine Shop Safety Lathe Manual JH compilation

3 Safety Glasses EVERYONE MUST WEAR SAFETY GLASSES IN THE SHOP. Even when you're not working on a machine, you must wear safety glasses. A chip from a machine someone else is working on could fly into your eye. Clothes and Hair Check your clothes and hair before you walk into the shop. In particular: o o o o o REMOVE JEWELERY IF YOU HAVE LONG HAIR OR A LONG BEARD, TIE IT UP. If your hair is caught in spinning machinery, it will be pulled out if you're lucky. If you're unlucky, you will be pulled into the machine. NO LOOSE CLOTHING. Ties, scarves, loose sleeves, etc. are prohibited NO GLOVES WEAR APPROPRIATE SHOES No open toed sandals. Wear shoes that give a sure footing. If you are working with heavy objects, steel toes are recommended. Safe Conduct in the Shop Be aware of what's going on around you. For example, be careful not to bump into someone while they're cutting with the bandsaw (they could lose a finger!). Concentrate on what you're doing. If you get tired, leave. Don't hurry. If you catch yourself rushing, slow down. Don't rush speeds and feeds. You'll end up damaging your part, the tools, and maybe the machine itself. Listen to the machine. If something doesn't sound right, turn the machine off. Don't let someone else talk you into doing something dangerous. Don't attempt to measure a part that's moving. Machining IF YOU DON'T KNOW HOW TO DO SOMETHING, ASK! BEFORE YOU START THE MACHINE: o o o Study the machine. Know which parts move, which are stationary, and which are sharp. Spin the chuck by hand to insure that all is clear! Double check that your workpiece is securely held. Remove chuck keys and wrenches. DO NOT LEAVE MACHINES RUNNING UNATTENDED! CLEAN UP MACHINES AFTER YOU USE THEM! A dirty machine is unsafe and uncomfortable to work on. Do not use compressed air to blow machines clean. This endangers people's eyes and can force dirt into machine bearings. Courtesy of the U.S. Army Lathe Manual JH compilation

4 General Lathe Set-Up Facing, Turning, and Shouldering: Below is an overhead shot of the set-up for facing and turning. What you see is a right-handed tool bit in a left-handed holder mounted in a rocker-type tool post. In the lathe headstock chuck is a dead center, but a live-center chucked on its cylindrical body can also work to help establish proper tool bit height. Lathe Manual JH compilation

5 Three things matter with your tool bit position: 1. Height, 2. Front clearance and 3. Side clearance. See below. Remember that the left-handed holder is used for facing, turning, and shouldering. Lathe Manual JH compilation

Identifying a Quality Tool-bit Set-up The Tool Post is positioned left of center in the compound rest. The Tool Bit Holder is choked up in the tool post to minimize chatter.

6 Identifying a Quality Tool-bit Set-up The Tool Post is positioned left of center in the compound rest. The Tool Bit Holder is choked up in the tool post to minimize chatter. The Tool Bit extends out of the holder just enough this minimizes chatter and prolongs tool life. In this instance, the tool bit extends out from the holder approximately ½. Lathe Manual JH compilation

7 Lathe Manual JH compilation The complete set-up

Once at center, immediately begin drawing the cross slide toward the exterior of the part, toward you. 1. Do not extend the tool bit beyond center of the stock. 2.

8 Facing: Position the tool bit just in front of the center of the part, as shown. Using the carriage handwheel, cut into the stock. Then, using the cross slide, proceed to center of the stock. At this point, hold onto the carriage hand wheel to prevent the carriage from floating away from the stock. Once at center, immediately begin drawing the cross slide toward the exterior of the part, toward you. 1. Do not extend the tool bit beyond center of the stock. 2. Make certain you are holding the carriage steady at the handwheel throughout the entire process this prevents the part from doming. Continue drawing the cross slide toward you until the stock is completely faced. Turning and Shouldering Lathe Manual JH compilation

The micrometer scale allows the operator to control the amount of material removed.

9 The same tool bit set up used for facing can be used for turning to a specific diameter and creating a 90 degree shoulder on the workpiece. Floating Micrometer Scale When turning, the cross slide advances the tool bit. The micrometer scale allows the operator to control the amount of material removed. The scale can be rotated independently of the cross slide, then locked in position to assist the operator with precision dimensioning of the work piece. Lathe Manual JH compilation

Centerdrill/Countersink: Centerdrill/Countersinks serve three purposes: The cylindrical center-point is used to create a pilot for drilling holes, the tapered

10 Centerdrill/Countersink: Centerdrill/Countersinks serve three purposes: The cylindrical center-point is used to create a pilot for drilling holes, the tapered countersink is used to chamfer and countersink, and to provide a tapered center for insertion of a live center. Tapping on a Lathe: Lathe Manual JH compilation

11 To ensure that internal threads are cut square, a live center can be placed in the tailstock to support the tap handle. As the part is threaded, the ram is drawn forward, not to push the tap, but simply to insure that no lateral forces are placed on the tap while threading a key to reducing tap breakage. Setting up to copy a mouthpiece taper: A dial indicator is used when one needs to re-set a mouthpiece taper or adjust the shank. Note the dead-center used to support the mouthpiece in the chuck and the live-center supporting the Lathe Manual JH compilation

12 backbore. The taper is copied by adjusting the compound slide to the same angle as the shape the dial indicator providing an accurate read on progress. Lathe Manual JH compilation

13 Lathe Speeds and Other Rules For Facing and Turning of Diameter of Soft Metal Stock (brass, aluminum, cold-rolled steel, bronze) examples: 300 diameter of part = chuck speed chuck speed for a ½ diameter piece should be approximately 600 rpm chuck speed for a 5/8 diameter piece should be approximately 480 rpm chuck speed for a 1 diameter piece should be approximately 300 rpm *************************************************************** For Facing and Turning of Diameter of Plastic Stock (abs, delrin) 400 diameter of part = chuck speed For Drilling on the Lathe 300 Diameter of Drill Bit Other Rules of Lathe Use Parts should never extend out of the headstock chuck more than 3X the diameter of the part without live center support. Example: The maximum extension for a 5/8 diameter piece chucked in the headstock chuck should be 2 ½ before live center support is required. Rams should be extended 1 on their body rule before inserting any tailstock accessory. Inspect compound slides to ensure they are in the middle of their travel stroke before any lathe is used. Tool bit height is set at center, whether facing or turning. Lathe Manual JH compilation

14 Machine Tool Items and Shop Supplies Commonly Purchased from Travers Tool Description Part Number 6-Flute Countersink Tube Chamfering Hacksaw Blades Lathe File (10 ) Beveling Edges 3M Diamond Files (400 grit) Tone Hole Leveling 3M Diamond Files (800 grit) Tone Hole Leveling Wheel Dresser Diamond Sharpening Stone General Purpose Diamond Lapping Pad (fine) Polishing Craytex Deburring Wheels (2 dia.) (X-fine) Deburring Dial Caliper Micrometer Dial Indicator Set Lathe Precision Turning Granite Surface Plate Straightening Tbone Slides Telescoping Gauge Set Internal Measuring Small Hole Gauge Set Tone Hole Measuring 60 Center Gauge Tool Bit Grinding Drill Press Vise Brass Shim Assortment Multi-Purpose #1 Gold Cutting Fluid (pint) Turning/Drilling Stick Wax Dent Ball Lube LPS2 Lubricant (aerosol) Tool Lubrication Red Bearing Grease Slide Grease Never-Seez Epoxy Stick Main T.S. Molds Pre-Solve Degreaser (aerosol) Lacquer Prep Thermomelt Temperature Indicator (500 ) Soldering Drills Taps/Dies Thread Inserts HSS + Carbide Tool Bits Boring Bars Lathe Manual JH compilation

15 Lathe Manual JH compilation Decimal Equivalents

16 Lathe Manual JH compilation Tap Drill Size Chart

ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES

MACHINE SHOP SAFETY ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES Even when you are not working on a machine, you must wear safety glasses. A chip from a machine someone else is working on could fly into your eye. MACHINING