The Swan Inn. The Street, Alderton, Suffolk, IP12 3BL. Historical Appraisal

Transcription

1 The Swan Inn The Street, Alderton, Suffolk, IP12 3BL Historical Appraisal Dr. Paul Bradley ARCHITECTURE March, 2016

2 Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Planning Policy Context 3.0 The Setting of The Swan Inn 4.0 The Historic Development of the Building 5.0 Summary of Construction Phasing and Materials 6.0 Inventory of Significant Internal Fixtures and Fittings 7.0 Summary of Significance Appendix One Appendix Two Sketch Floor Plans, Showing Room Designation Numbers and Construction Phases Statutory Listing Descriptions FRONT COVER: The Swan Inn, Alderton, Looking South West. 1.0 Introduction 1

3 This document has been commissioned by Mr. Simon Merrett, architect, on behalf of the owners of The Swan Inn, The Street, Alderton, Suffolk. The Swan Inn is Grade II listed (the structure was listed on the 31 st August 1988) and is located on The Street, within the heart of Alderton village. Alderton is a parish within the Suffolk Coastal district of Suffolk, approximately 6 miles north of Felixstowe and 10 miles south east of Woodbridge. The property is not located within a conservation area, although Alderton Parish lies within the heart of the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The western boundary of The Swan Inn is adjacent to the churchyard of St Andrews Church (Grade II listed). This document comprises a Level 2 above ground recording exercise of the abovementioned site and immediate environs, compiled in accordance with English Heritage (now Historic England) guidelines. The recording process has included a detailed internal / external photographic record of the structure, and the report includes a written account of the historical development of the building and setting, and a further discussion regarding the construction phases, fabric and significance. For the purpose of this report, the elevation fronting The Street is taken as facing east and the church is located to the west. As part of the research process the site was visited on the 20 th February 2016 and an archive search completed at the Ipswich branch of the Suffolk Record Office on the 19 th February The opinions expressed within this report are the views of the authors, based upon visual evidence gathered on site and archive material collected from various sources. It does not provide comment regarding the structure or condition of any building, nor an archaeological assessment of potential below ground features. No opening up of the fabric has been undertaken as part of this appraisal. This report remains the joint copyright of the Authors, with the exception of reproduced images where alternative copyright / ownership is individually credited. 2

4 2.0 Planning Policy Context 3

5 National Policies and the Requirement to Evaluate and Record Designated and Non Designated Historic Assets The National Planning Policy Framework contains planning policies that seek to conserve and exploit the benefits of the historic environment. The valued components of the historic environment that are offered specific protection are called heritage assets. Included in that category are both nationally designated assets (scheduled ancient monuments, l i s t e d b u i l d i n g s, a n d re g i s t e re d landscapes) and sites that, whilst not designated under statutory regimes, are recognised by the local authority as having heritage significance meriting consideration in planning matters. The National Planning Policy Framework contains clear advice regarding both the importance of understanding the impact of development proposals on the significance of historic assets, and about the recording of historic assets which would potentially be affected by development schemes. The purpose of this report is to provide a brief overview of the architectural development and significance of the grade t w o l i s t e d p u b l i c h o u s e a n d i t s surroundings, including its relationship with adjacent GII listed buildings and the surrounding conservation area. The Government has also stipulated (NPPF 141) that local planning authorities should make information about the significance of the historic environment gathered as part of plan-making or development management publicly accessible. They should also require developers to record and advance understanding of the significance of any heritage assets to be lost (wholly or in part) in a manner proportionate to their importance and the impact, and to make this evidence (and any archive generated) publicly accessible. 4

6 Fig.1: The Swan c1900 showing the row of cottages on the site of the present car park. Opposite is the long closed Crown public house. The buildings shown either side of The Crown have been demolished. 3.0 The Setting of The Swan Inn Alderton is a pre-doomsday Book settlement close to the Suffolk Coast. A further, now lost, ancient settlement which stood around 600 metres east of Cedar Court on the Hollesley Road has been identified from aerial photographs. At least part of the surrounding land may have been reclaimed c when the salt marshes in Alderton, Bawdsey and Butley were reportedly embanked by Butley Priory. 1 The population of the village reached its height in the 1850 s but then gradually declined, and by the early 1980 s it had dropped by more than a third. Fig.2: (Right) Cottages to the south of The Swan demolished c1920, with The Swan in the background. A photo of c Clare Good and Jude Plouviez, The Archaeology of The Suffolk Coast (Woodbridge : 2007) p35 5

7 Fig.3: A c1900 view of The Swan and The Crown; the adjoining block to The Crown was demolished in the later twentieth century. The village of Alderton does not have a conservation area and has relatively few listed buildings. It is however within the Suffolk Coast & Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural 2 Beauty. The Swan forms part of a notable group of listed buildings which cluster around, but do not face, onto the churchyard. These include the GII church, fifteenth century Hall, and a medieval building, which may have been constructed by Augustine monks as a chapel or refectory. Until the 1950 s a late eighteenth century windmill dominated the skyline of the village. The setting of The Swan changed radically during the twentieth century; its outbuildings to the west were demolished in the 1960 s, a row of cottages to the immediate south went c1920, and many of the cottages and shops to the east went in the 1970 s. A number of key historic buildings survive however, and make a strong positive contribution to the setting of the GII listed public house and to the wider setting of other listed buildings. These include Crownleigh, The Street, The Former Post Office, The Street, and the GII listed Church of Saint Andrew. Access to The Swan s stable and outbuildings was originally via a narrow entrance to the immediate south of the inn. The site of the stable buildings is now occupied by modern single storey structures, which make a neutral or negative contribution to the setting of the adjacent historic buildings (figs 8, 10 & 11). Some of these buildings are now in separate 2 An Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) is a landscape that has been recognised as being of national importance and has received special protection from the UK government. AONBs were created by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act (1949) and their management was strengthened through the Countryside and Rights of Way Act (2000). 6

8 ownership. The Swan stands on The Street, the main thoroughfare which runs north-south through the village. To the immediate west is the churchyard of Saint Andrew s Church, access to which can be gained via a footpath running though the car park to the public house. Fig.4: Former Crown public house of c1860 directly opposite The Swan. Directly opposite The Swan was The Crown Inn (figs.1, 3, &4); a substantial purpose built mid nineteenth century public house which still stands. The Crown closed in 1958 and has been a dwelling Crownleigh, for many years. 3 Its elegant classical façade with stone dressings makes a major contribution to the setting of the GII listed Swan. To the south of The Crown stood a row of early nineteenth century brick cottages, which were demolished in c1970. The later nineteenth century shop which stood to the north of The Crown has also been demolished. The east end of the church faces the rear of the pub. Between The Swan and the churchyard was once a small courtyard surrounded by outbuildings, which probably included a stable. Map evidence suggests that these were demolished c Abutting The Swan to the immediate south were once a row of three, one and a half storey sixteenth or seventeenth century cottages, which possibly started life as a single dwelling (figs 1,2 &21). These cottages were standing in 1904 but had been demolished prior to the publication of the :2,500 Ordnance Survey map. Their site has remained vacant since and is now the pub car park. Archaeological evidence of their former plan-form may remain. Fig.5: The Swan and The Old Post Office, from the north east. To the immediate north of The Swan on the western side of The Street is a substantial late eighteenth century brick dwelling The Old Post Office (figs. 5&6). 3 The Crown probably opened c1860 and closed in The rear section of the former pub is now in separate ownership from the main block. According to old directories The Crown was run by the Mayes family in 1891 and 1900, prior to that by the Girlings. The following website has a more comprehensive list of landlords. Alderton once had three pubs, the other being The Victoria in Barrack Row, which was in existence by the time of the compilation of the 1840 tithe apportionment. (See footnote 10 for further details of the former Crown Inn). 7

9 Fig.6: The rear elevation of The Old Post Office, from the pubs beer garden. Fig.7 The Swan, The Old Post Office and St Andrew s Church. A late 19th century shop front at the northern end of its street façade was removed when the property was returned to domestic use. Although its original window frames have been replaced, the house still makes a very significant contribution to the setting of the GII listed inn. The boundary wall between the pub and this property appears to incorporate parts of the rear wall of a group of former farm buildings, which are shown on early twentieth century 1:2,500 Ordnance Survey maps (fig.6). the original medieval building having been severely damaged in a storm in the eighteenth century. The upper sections of the medieval church tower collapsed in 1821 and the remainder is now a ruin. Within the churchyard are a number of fine nineteenth century memorials. There are good views of the east end of the church from The Street across the Swan s beer garden and car park from just to the south and north of the inn (figs, 7, 9, 10 &22). The GII listed Church of Saint Andrew stands to the west of the pub. Today it is a primarily Victorian building designed by Sir Arthur Blomfield ( ), much of 8

10 Fig.9: View of the east end of the church from the north entrance to the pub s beer garden. Fig.8: Late twentieth century buildings to the west of the pub from the churchyard Fig.10: The east end of the church from the footpath crossing the pub car park. The single storey range to the right replaced the pub s stables. The boarded fences to the south of the pub bounding the footpath do not contribute to the setting of the GII listed building and detract from the approach to the church. Fig.11: Looking east from the churchyard towards the pub. 9

11 Fig.12: Detail of 1840 Tithe Map of Alderton. The Church is labelled No.25 and The Swan to its right No.270. Houses and business premises are marked in red, and other buildings including barns and stables in black. Fig.13: Detail of a 1914 plan of Alderton contained within a Rendlesham Hall estate sale catalogue for that year. The Rendlesham estate owned considerable property in the village but not The Swan. 10

12 Fig.14: Western elevation from the beer garden showing the early 19 th century range to the right. 4.0 The Historic Development of the Building. Summary The Swan was originally a two cell, two storey timber framed seventeenth century building, with a high status room at its southern end, and possibly a kitchen to the north. It may always have had a passage in the approximate position of the present staircase hall. The northern gable end was probably weatherboarded. Neither the original stair position nor the original location of the hearth to the northern ground floor room could not be accurately located at the time of survey. In the early nineteenth century the Inn was extended to the north and south, its elevations refaced and a new staircase was inserted. A row of single storey outbuildings was also added to the west of the southern addition. This work had been completed by the time of the publication of the 1840 tithe map. It is not known when 4 the building became an Inn but it was certainly a public house known as The Swan by The Ipswich Journal, dated 28 th September 1799, also records a hiring fair for servants here. 4 See Ipswich Journal 24 th of April 1773 where it appears as the venue for an auction. By the later 1830s The Swan was occupied by the Mayhew family (Whites Directory 1844, and 1840 Tithe Apportionment). The Mayhews were still in residence in 1861 according to the census when the widowed 65 year old Mary Mayhew was the Innkeeper. The Foster family followed the Mayhews, occupying the building for the remainder of the later nineteenth century, David and Anna Foster originated in Bawdsey. The 1871 census records them living at The Swan with their six children and a domestic servant Mary Knight. Their son William Isaac Foster succeeded them as licensee, running the pub with the help of his sister Harriet (see census returns). 11

13 In the late 1960s the single storey attached range was radically remodelled to form part of the bar accommodation. The Swan s stable and outbuildings were also demolished and replaced. Fig.15: The bar (room GF3a) at the southern end of the ground floor looking south west. The hearth is possibly seventeenth century although the chimneybreast has been refaced. 4.1 The Seventeenth Century Building Little evidence of the pre-c1800 external appearance of the pub survives. The building was certainly timber framed, and the northern gable wall at least partially weatherboarded, as elements of the weatherboarding to the original gable end wall survive within the roof space. Fig.16: Detail of chamfered and stopped beam in room GF3a The original two cell seventeenth century timber framed structure had a high status room at its southern end (within what is now the larger GF3a), which retains crudely chamfered and stopped northsouth running beams. 12

14 This room is heated by a large brick stack in the centre of the western wall which may well be of seventeenth century date. 5 The northern wall of the room appears to have been always on the line of the present north wall, and it may therefore be substantially of seventeenth century construction. In the early nineteenth century the southern wall was removed and the eastern wall rebuilt. Fig.18: Line of original northern end wall within FF7 at first floor level. The beam contains mortice holes for studding. The original northern end gable wall survives within the roof space and has continuous weatherboarding across its entire width, and the surviving timber framing at first floor level would not appear to take account of a stack set within the wall s face. The north-south running beams are not chamfered. Fig.17: Room GF1 showing beam marking the original end of building. The kitchen was possibly originally located at the building s northern end, in what is now the southern end of room GF1, although the exact location of the original fireplace is difficult to identify. Any chimneystack removed during the early c19th remodelling must have been 6 an external one. Fig.19: Room FF1 looking towards FF2. Room FF2 was possibly formerly two rooms divided by a studded wall along the line of the central east-west beam, the head of a door opening survives carved out of the central beam. FF2 has since been subdivided north-south to create a bathroom and bedroom. 5 The chimneybreast in the bar was however, refaced during the twentieth century. 6 An alternative and perhaps equally valid theory is that what is now the bar GF3a, originally acted as both kitchen and parlour and that unheated service rooms lay to the north within what is now GF1. A substantial chimneystack would commonly have been located in the approximate position of the central stair hall, but there appears to be no evidence of one at The Swan. 13

15 Fig.20 (left): The remains of weatherboarding to the original north gable wall within the roof space. The roof is of single rafter construction, lap jointed and pegged at the ridge, with later sections of purlins and braces introduced to prevent roof spread. It is crude in its construction, and has been added to and altered over the successive centuries; likely some alterations and strengthening works were undertaken when its original thatched covering was replaced with heavier clay plain tiles. Some rafters contain notching out to either the side or faces of timbers, indicating the presence at some stage of either collars or trenched purlins. Fig.21: Pre World War One view of The Swan showing the now demolished neighbouring cottages. 4.2 The Nineteenth Century No evidence of eighteenth century alterations to the building survives, however in the early nineteenth century The Swan was altered, re-cased in brick, reroofed with plain tiles, and extended. The 1840 Alderton tithe apportionment compiled by James Hillen of Blaxall 7 reveals that the freehold of The Swan was then owned by the brewer John Cobbold, and the 7 Alderton tithe apportionment, Suffolk Record Office (Ipswich Branch) FDA3/A1/1a 14

16 rebuilding works may therefore have been done by Cobbold s Brewery 8 for their tenants the Mayhews. It remained in the ownership of Cobbold s Brewery, and its 1957 successor company Tolly Cobbold, until the later twentieth century. Fig.22: The Swan and St Andrew s Church from The Street. The blank end bay at the northern end of the façade is an early c19th addition as is the section at the southern end from the right of the door to the chimneystack. A two storey single bay addition was added to the northern end of the existing building, and to the south, a further two storey addition was added with a cellar beneath. From the western face of this southern addition, a single storey range projects which was possibly designed as a brewhouse and blacksmith s workshop. The interior of the pub was also partially remodelled, and a new staircase inserted into the central section of the main block. The kitchen was almost certainly in room GF1 at the northern end of the building in this period, with public rooms limited to the southern end of the building. The taproom or bar was given its own designated entrances at the southern end of entrance façade 9 and possibly one towards the eastern end of the single storey addition. 8 Founded in 1723 in Harwich, Essex a brewery had been set up in Cliff Lane Ipswich by Cobbold s Brewery merged with the Tollemache Brewery in 1957 and is now (2016) part of Greene King. 9 This door opening bisects the line of the seventeenth century end wall of the building and is now blocked on its inner side. 15

17 A 1920 s guest book for the Inn however survives and is on display within the building. This suggests that limited overnight accommodation was available at the Inn for much of the mid twentieth century. Fig.23: Ground floor room GF1, looking north into the early c19th addition from the original building. The mid c20th fireplace marks the former location of the early nineteenth century kitchen hearth. The Swan however remained a relatively small public house with very little 10 accommodation for overnight guests. Nineteenth century census returns suggest that if rooms were let, this was on a sporadic basis as no census return mentions overnight residents other than family members and servants. One documentary reference to paying guests at the pub is known however, which dates from We reconnoitred The Swan and, finding we could very decently be taken care of, we engaged two beds and ordered a fire. Our hostess prepared a mutton chop. The original source of this quote from David Davy could not be accurately traced by the authors, but the Davy in question is presumably the antiquary and author David Elisha Davy ( ) of Yoxford. Davy s papers are mostly in the British Library s manuscript collection. 12 Fig.24: Room GF2. Early nineteenth century staircase The northern addition doubled the size of the kitchen (GF1) and incorporated a new chimneystack within its gable end. A new hearth was created in the centre of the kitchen s north wall. The elevation to the The Street of this part of the building is featureless. There are however, two windows in the northern return elevation at first floor level at either side of the central stack. In the western elevation at first floor level is a further window. On the first floor, the plaster and weatherboarded sections of the old northern end wall were removed to extend the existing bedroom, but the structural elements of the original timber framed end wall were left intact. 10 The present owners of the pub have in their possession a copy of a set of 1877 sales particulars for a public house in Alderton; unfortunately, the pub is not named within the document. The particulars describe a five bedroomed public house with a clubroom, bar, & one front and two back parlours - a level of accommodation difficult to reconcile with the present Swan public house. It is highly likely that these particulars are for The Crown rather than The Swan, as they name a member of The Girling family as licensee. The Girlings ran The Crown from its opening c1860, until c1880. The freehold of The Swan is recorded as having been in the ownership of Cobbold s brewery from c1840 or earlier until, well into the twentieth century. These sales particulars would however, appear to be important historical documents; the County Record Office in Ipswich does have a set within its archives. 11 East Anglian Daily Times, Friday December 17 th Davy s papers include a travel diary for the years , British Library ref: Add MS Davy s Journal has been published by the Suffolk Records Society (1982). 16

18 Fig.26: Early 19th century cellar looking east from beneath the single storey range towards the front wall. A new stack was added to the southern gable end of the building presumably to allow the first floor bedroom to be heated. Fig.25: Hall (GF2) looking east The central staircase was also inserted during these building works. (Figs 24 & 43, 48) The foot of the stair is at the western side of the building, rather than rising from its street frontage. This feature is a common one in eighteenth and early nineteenth inns, and also one that appears in some merchant s houses of the period. This arrangement was primarily a security measure to protect the occupier s domestic quarters; it allowed the stair to be watched from the kitchen, which was the room in the house most likely to be constantly occupied. The lower portion of the closed-string stair is enclosed but it has a simple wooden bannister rail at first floor landing level with squaresection balusters and newels. The bar to the south was also extended and given its own entrance from The Street. Beneath it, a cellar was created which is now accessed from the single storey range to the west but which was probably originally only accessible through a floor hatch and ladder and / or an external hatch. Fig.27: Cellar from beneath the bar (BF4) with corbelled base of stack on southern gable to top left. Fig.28: The single storey early 19 th century range has now lost its three tall chimneys. It may have been built to contain a lobby (eastern end), blacksmith s workshop and brewhouse. The single storey range added to the pub in the early nineteenth century is built of brick with a plain tile pitched roof. It is shown on the 1840 Tithe map, and is probably 17

19 contemporary in date to the southern addition to the street frontage. Its interior has been entirely remodelled and until the later twentieth century its roof was pierced by three extremely tall rectangular brick chimneystacks. 13 The range may have originally contained a B r e w h o u s e a n d b l a c k s m i t h s f o r g e. Blacksmith s workshops were relatively common features of inn complexes during the period. In 1838 the then landlord James Mayhew advertised for an apprentice blacksmith. 14 A later nineteenth century landlord David Foster is also listed in directories of the period as having a secondary occupation as a wheelwright. 15 David Foster s trade tools were auctioned after his death in 1875 the advert appearing in the Ipswich Journal. After 1875, no record of a blacksmiths or wheelwrights workshop has been located. No physical evidence has been found for the existence of a forge, the building having been gutted c1968. A forge could arguably have been located in one of the now demolished outbuildings. A location within this range would however, appear more logical given its location adjacent to a public right of way. On the first floor very little now survives from the early nineteenth century except for a number of boarded doors. Of these, the boarded and braced door to room FF8 with its original latch ironmongery and hinges is a particularly notable example. The northern bedroom (now rooms FF7 & FF8) was possibly the principal bedroom during this period, and was certainly heated (fig.44). added during this period to the southern gable. Fig. 29: Northern view of single storey range. Post World War Two Alterations A new bar was created along the southern wall of the pub after c1968 (fig.15), and the southern doorway to The Street blocked in order to accommodate it. The former kitchen (GF1) became a dining area and secondary bar, and its chimneybreast was remodelled. A door opening at the north west corner of GF1 was also blocked and the infill disguised as timber framing and brick infill. The single storey range at the pubs southwestern corner was also remodelled. Its chimneystacks and internal walls were removed and the bar accommodation extended within it (fig.31). A new entrance to the cellar was also formed. The bar counter and fittings within this area are of very recent date but incorporate pieces of decorative woodwork salvaged from elsewhere. The southern-most bedroom was also probably heated, as a chimneystack which does not serve the ground floor bar area was 13 For a c1965 photo of this range in the Francis Frith archive see: - alderton-the-swan-inn-c1965_a The Suffolk Chronicle or Weekly General Advertiser and County Express, 8 th December White s Directory

20 Fig.30: Late c20th bar in GF3b looking east. The detached outbuildings which had stood to the Inn s rear since at least the early nineteenth century were demolished c1968 and a new barrel store built. This barrel store is now a catering kitchen (fig.30). On the first floor much of the internal joinery was also replaced. No original skirting boards survive. The large bedroom at the northern e n d o f t h e f i r s t f l o o r h a s b e e n unsympathetically subdivided (now FF7 & 8) with a partition bisecting the chimneybreast. 19

21 5.0 Summary of Construction Phasing and Materials This section should be read with the coloured floors plans in Appendix One, which show the construction phases of the property. The listing description for The Swan Inn (see Appendix Two) alludes to a 17 th century construction date, and within the property there exists evidence of timber frame construction that appears to be of this date. Exposed elements of the frame include chamfered beams within GF3a and exposed sections of the frame within first floor rooms FF1, FF2, F7 and FF8. Fig.31: Chamfered and stopped beam ends to floor timbers over room GF3a. The bottle chimneystack to the west elevation also likely dates from this period, although the uppermost (unpainted) section of the stack was rebuilt during the early 20 th century. Fig.32: View of the bottle stack to the west (rear) elevation. Within the roof space, the original 17 th century roof structure can be seen. The roof is of single rafter construction, lap jointed and pegged at the ridge, with later sections of purlins and braces introduced to prevent the outward spread of the timbers. The roof is crude in its construction and execution, and has been added to and altered over the successive centuries. Some rafters contain notching out to either the side or faces of timbers, indicating the presence, at some stage, of collars or trenched purlins, or possibly reused timbers. 20

22 these would have formed the structure of the end gable, and were subsequently removed to p r o v i d e a c c e s s t o t h e a d d i t i o n a l accommodation added in the early 19 th century. Fig.33: View of roof, looking south. Note the position of the former gable end wall and plaster infill. Towards the south end of the roof space is evidence of a former gable end wall in the form of stout close studded vertical timbers with plaster infill. To the same location (but looking north) a weatherboarded gable end can be seen. Fig. 35: Timber beam within room FF7, marking the former gable end position of the original structure, with mortise holes to the underside for vertical timber studs. All elevations of the two storey structure have been re-faced in red clay bricks, laid to Flemish bond. This occurred during the early 19 th century as the brickwork and bond is consistent with the additions made to the north and south ends of the building. Fig. 34: View of roof, looking north. Note the weatherboarded former gable end. What is clear from the evidence observed within the roof space is that the property was originally constructed as a two cell structure, which was extended to the north and south gable ends during the early 19 th century. This enlargement of the property can be seen most clearly within the attic accommodation, where the original gable ends are evident to the north and south ends of the roof space. To the first floor bedrooms (between rooms FF1 / FF2 and also FF7 and FF8) the horizontal timber beams at head height have, to their underside, large mortise holes to accommodate vertical timber studs; originally Fig.36: Detail of the early 19 th century brick re-fronting to the east elevation, and the window joinery of the same date. Door and window joinery also appears to have been replaced at the same time the property was re-fronted. The extent to which the original timber frame to the elevations survives behind the brickwork skin is not known, although the likelihood is that much of the frame was removed, and there is little 21

23 evidence internally or externally to suggest its survival. mid to late 20 th century, or it has been heavily altered at this time. The accommodation is of lower stature and the brick bond changes to something approximating Monk bond. Fig.37: Evidence of early 19 th century red clay brick refronting to the west elevation (room GF1), with modern plasterboard to the internal face of the room. The cellar accommodation exists beneath the early 19 th century addition to the south west end of the building, and visually the material use and construction appears to be of this date (the enclosed steps down are of later date, and the original access point to the cellar was possibly via a hatch in the floor within the bar area). Fig.39: The outbuildings to the southwest corner of the main building. North of this point is a late 20 th century kitchen addition which was probably originally a barrel store. Fig.38: View within the cellar, looking east. To the west (rear) of the property is a linear range of single storey outbuildings of varying date. Where they abut the southwest corner of the building they must be contemporary with the early 19 th century addition, and the use of brick and bond type matching the main structure corroborates this. To the western end of the single storey range there is a clear break in the roof line, and the accommodation west of this point appears to date from the 6.0 Inventory of Significant Internal Fixtures and Fittings 22

24 The following provides a description and location of the extant significant fixtures and fittings found at The Swan Inn public house. It does not cover structural or construction elements of the property see section 7.0 Summary of Significance. The significance of each item should be viewed relative to its location and the significance of that section of the building (see 7.0, Summary of Significance, below). For room numbers, see Appendix One, Sketch Floor Plans. Exterior. East elevation The early to mid 19 th century cantilevered pub sign timber arm and fixing bracket, projecting from the east face of the pitched roof. North elevation of the single storey outbuilding range The early to mid 19 th century cast iron hand pump. Fig.40: Hand pump to the north elevation of the single storey outbuilding range. Cellar. There are no significant fixtures and fittings within the cellar. Ground floor. Room GF1 The early 19 th century timber casement window and associated ironmongery, to the east elevation (but excluding the mid 20 th century external shutters). Room GF2 The early 19 th century timber door surround to the east elevation (but excluding the mid 20 th century door). The early 19 th century timber door surround to the west elevation (but excluding the mid 20 th century door). Room GF3a The early 19 th century timber door surround to the (now blocked) east elevation opening (but excluding the mid 20 th century door and infill material to the inner elevation). The 2no early 19 th century timber casement windows and associated ironmongery to the east elevation (but excluding the mid 20 th century external shutters). First floor 23

25 Room FF1 The early 19 th century timber casement window and associated ironmongery to the east elevation. staircase, and including the staircase itself (but excluding the mid 20 th century timber newel post). Room FF7 Room FF2 The early 19 th century timber casement windows and associated ironmongery to the east elevation. The early 19 th century boarded and braced door, including the latch ironmongery and hinges. The early 19 th century boarded and braced door, including the thumb latch, ironmongery and hinges. The early 19 th century timber casement window and associated ironmongery to the east elevation. Room FF8 The early 19 th century boarded and braced door, including the latch ironmongery and hinges. Fig.41: Typical first floor boarded door and ironmongery (this example is to room FF8). Room FF4 The early 19 th century boarded and braced door, including the latch ironmongery and hinges. Room FF5 The early 19 th century timber balusters, newel posts, handrail surrounding the 7.0 Summary of Significance The Swan Inn has statutory protection as a GII listed building. The Department of Culture Media and Sport has described GII listed buildings as being of special interest, and warranting every effort to preserve them. 16 This guidance document advises that before 1700, all buildings that contain a significant proportion of their original fabric 16 DCMS, Principles of Selection for Listing Buildings (HMSO, 2010) p4 24

26 are listed ; and that from 1700 to 1840, most buildings are listed. 17 The building s primary architectural and historic interest lies in the surviving elements of its 17 th century fabric and the early 19 th century additions and re-fronting. The group value the structure provides to the streetscape, and as a building in close proximity to the Church of St Andrew, is also significant. within room GF3a (but excluding the mid 20 th century brick jambs within the room, and the rebuilt upper section of the external stack). The following is a section-by-section breakdown of the various constructional elements that comprise the designated heritage asset and the significance ascribed to them. The following areas of the building are of high significance: Fig.43: The brick hearth within room GF3a. All surviving elements of the 17 th century timber frame, including the exposed beams visible between the ground and first floor accommodation, and the sections of exposed frame within rooms FF1/2 and FF7 and FF8. The timber roof structure, including the plastered former gable ends visible within the roof space. Fig.44: View of the roof structure. The early 19 th century red brick (now painted) re-fronting of the two storey structure, to the north, south, east and west elevations. Fig.42: Timber frame within room FF7. The 17 th century brick bottle chimneystack to the west elevation, including the hearth The plain tile roof covering to the main property and single storey outbuilding range (including the roof covering over the toilet range, but excluding the covering to the kitchen accommodation). 17 Ibid. 25

27 The following areas are of low significance: Fig.45: Detail of the plain tile roof covering. The early 19 th century external door frame and window joinery (as detailed in Section 6.0). The timber handrail, newel posts and balusters to the staircase (including the staircase itself, but excluding the mid 20 th century newel post). T h e t o i l e t b l o c k a n d k i t c h e n accommodation. The external door and window joinery not detailed in Section 6.0. The brick hearth within room GF1. Fig.46: View of the early 19 th century handrail, newels and balusters to the staircase. The internal door joinery to the first floor (as detailed in Section 6.0). Fig.47:View of bar fittings within room GF3b. The bar fixtures and fittings to the ground floor, including all floor coverings. The following areas of the building are of medium significance: The early 19 th century single storey outbuilding range (excluding the structure forming the mid to late 20 th century toilet block and kitchen accommodation). 26

28 Fig.48: View of the bar fittings within room GF3a. 27

29 Appendix One Sketch Floor Plans, Showing Room Designation Numbers and Construction Phases 28

30 29

31 Appendix Two Statutory Listing Description 30

32 DESCRIPTION: The Swan Inn GRADE: II DATE LISTED: 31 August 1988 ENGLISH HERITAGE BUILDING ID: OS GRID REFERENCE: TM ALDERTON THE STREET TM 34 SW (West Side) 10/5 The Swan Inn G.V. II Public House. C17. Timber framed with rendered fronts which are pebbledashed and colourwashed. Plain tile roof. Two storeys. Road front: two doorways one to right of centre and one at left with cambered heads, Two 4-light C19 casement windows with cambered heads one at right and one to left of centre and one 2-light window with cambered head at far left. The first floor has two 3-light casement windows, one at right, one at left and one at far left. Gable stacks each of 2 flues. The gable ends are blank. To the rear is a projecting single-storeyed service wing at right. Interior: chamfered and encased ceiling beams to the ground floor. Listing NGR: TM DESCRIPTION: Church of St Andrew GRADE: II DATE LISTED: 16 March 1966 ENGLISH HERITAGE BUILDING ID: OS GRID REFERENCE: TM ALDERTON (Off) THE STREET TM 34 SW 10/7 Church of St Andrew 16/3/66 G.V. II Church. C14, C15 and C19. The chancel rebuilt in 1862 and the nave restored and re-roofed in 1864 by A W Blomfield. Knapped and rubble flint with brick and ashlar dressings and slate roofs. West tower (ruinous), nave and chancel, north western porch and south-eastern vestry. Tower: C15. Most of the facing stone has now gone. West front; projecting plinth with moulded ashlar offset to its top. Diagonal buttresses which have now almost entirely lost their outer faces. Vertical ashlar dressings remain to the inner angles. Richly moulded door surround to the centre of ashlar with wave, ogee and roll mouldings and hollow chamfer above which is a hollow chamfered hood mould with miniature square flower bosses. Similar rectangular surround above this enclosing ashlar spandrels which have shields within circular, cusped panels. Daggers to the angles. Above this are the remains of an arcade of flushwork with trefoil heads, the ashlar surround having mostly disappeared. String course above this on which rests a tall Perpendicular window with chamfered and wave moulded ashlar surround, the tracery having now all disappeared save for stubs at the springing of the bars. South face: blank with a C19 buttress at right of ashlar dressed flint rubble with knapped flint to 31

33 the outer face. North face: similar. East face: abuts the nave to the level of the ridge and has been mostly rebuilt in the C19. The upper stages of the tower have now fallen and a late C18 print shows it to have had a further 3 windows to the northern and southern sides and a battlemented parapet. Nave: North face: porch to its right which has diagonal buttresses to the corners which die back by 2 offsets. Deep plinth running around the body Qf the porch. Slightly projecting lower plinth with facings of knapped flint, now partially replaced with rubble flint. This dies back via an offset to the upper level of the plinth which has square panels of flushwork showing crowned initials, shields, mouchettes within a circle and 4 circles within a circle. This, too, dies back by a moulded offset. Above this on the north face and continuing across the inner flanks of the buttresses and their outer faces are arcaded panels of flushwork, those with rounded heads containing crocketed ogee arches; those with trefoil heads being blank. This arcade continues around the buttresses and across their outer faces. Similar arcade above to either side of the doorway. This doorway has a richly moulded ashlar surround with colonnettes to the outer edges and jambs, with moulded capitals and bases. The arch has casement mouldings, keel and wave mouldings. Moulded rectangular surround above enclosing the spandrels which show a man with spear at left and a crouching dragon at right. Above this is a further arcade of flushwork panels, now much weathered but originally having 3 canopied niches to the centre of which the lateral ones survive with buttressed shafts to either side and canted ledges but now infilled with rubble. The ledge and left hand shaft are all that remain of the central niche. Shallow gable above, now rebuilt in rubble flint and brick, with an ashlar coping. The right and left hand flanks have central windows with 4-centred arches and moulded ashlar surrounds originally containing tracery but now blocked. The walling here is a mixture of knapped flint set with small square ashlar stones. Nave walling at either side consists of knapped flints set between bands of C15 bricks and tiles with some rubble replacements. where the wall has been patched the bricks and tiles have disappeared. To left of the porch are two C19 windows with reticulated tracery and voussoirs of radiating bricks between which are panels of knapped flint. Buttresses to centre and extreme left. South face: 3 windows with reticulated tracery similar to those of the north face with C19 buttresses between and to extreme right and left. The walling here appears to have been entirely replaced c To left is a doorway with richly moulded C19 ashlar surround of wave and keel mouldings and similar brick voussoirs. Chancel: north side; buttresses to left of centre and extreme left. 3-light windows to right with reticulated tracery. Priest's door to centre with moulded ashlar surround. South face: projecting lean-to vestry at left with blank wall at south and 2-light window to the right flank with ogee trefoil heads. To right of the vestry is a 2-light window with ogeeheaded cusped lights. Buttress to extreme right. East face: buttresses at far right and left. String course at the level of their dying which runs across the wall face and dips to the centre to form the sill of a 5-light window of Decorated tracery with cinquefoil heads to the lights and quatrefoils and mouchettes to the apex. Interior: porch: church doorway with wave and keel mouldings. Nave: roof, C19, pine. Nine bays of which every third truss has wall posts supported on corbels. Chamfered tie beams. Central king posts and cusped arch braces connecting to the collars from which spring king posts with 32

34 angle braces. The subsidiary trusses are similar save for the absence of wall posts or tie beams. Piscina to south eastern corner with ashlar surround, now mutilated but originally cusped. Above this, to the left hand reveal of the south eastern nave window is a niche with crocketed gablets to 2 sides and miniature vault. Blocked doorway with ashlar surround to eastern end of the northern wall. Chancel: the roof is boarded with one truss which has cusped and pierced arch braces springing from stone corbels which rest on black marble posts sitting on square lower corbels. Memorial of 1910 to Charles Goodwyn Archer, rector of the church, recording the rebuilding of the chancel and restoration of the nave and the dates of the work. Although either dilapidated or heavily restored the church retains elements of a significant Perpendicular building but as The Builder noted in 1865, the church had been restored and rebuilt "to such an extent that it may be said to be rebuilt." The porch is similar in form and details to that at the Church of St Mary, Ufford, which is more complete. Sources: Nikolaus Pevsner, The Buildings of England: Suffolk 1975 H Munro Cautley, Suffolk Churches 1982 Listing NGR: TM