Do (Say) The Right Thing Choice Architecture, Player Expression, and Narrative Design in Fallout: New Vegas
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1 Do (Say) The Right Thing Choice Architecture, Player Expression, and Narrative Design in Fallout: New Vegas J.E. Sawyer Project Director, Obsidian Entertainment
2 My Background Project Director, Obsidian Entertainment System Designer and Adapter Occasional Writer Tabletop RPG and CRPG Player General Console and PC Gamer
3 Dialogue Styles Linear/Cinematic Keyword/Subject Branching Trees Uncharted: Drake s Fortune Diablo III Mass Effect
4 Why Use Branching Trees? Grant story agency Grant character agency Force tactical / strategic choices Reactive narrative content
5 Choice Planning and Structure, Not Prose Choices inform prose, but... Choices themselves present problems Choice is the reason for branching
6 Dialogue Trees : A Brief History The Garden of Forking Paths Borges confronts us with the pullulating moment, when we become aware of all the possible choices we might make, all the ways in which we might intersect one another for good or evil. His imagined Garden of Forking Paths is both a book and a landscape, a book that has the shape of a labyrinth that folds back upon itself in infinite regression. Jorge Luis Borges Janet H. Murray, "Inventing the Medium" The New Media Reader (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003), 3
7 When I Cared About It
8 But Also...
9 Dialogue Trees in CRPGs Fallout Planescape: Torment
10 Dialogue Trees in CRPGs Today Mass Effect 2 Alpha Protocol Changes have been primarily aesthetic, not structural. Persistent structural flaws suggest a lack of analysis.
11 Ahhh... Crap. We did it, too. QQ
12 The Problem: Choice Conflict Doing (Saying) the Right Thing conflicts with being the Right Character Deus Ex: Human Revolution Social Boss Battles Fallout: New Vegas Skill, SPECIAL, and Perk Checks
13 Doing (Saying) the Right Thing conflicts with being the Right Character What s the right character? Any character that falls within our supported range of expression.
14 We are making a... G A M E! Not a puzzle... Not a movie... Not a book...
15 The Assertion: Planning Avoids Choice Conflict When all ways are validated ways and a clear response / reactivity spectrum are consistently reinforced in the narrative, player benefits and character roles align. Types of Choices Player / Character Expression Narrative Goals
16 A Systemic Approach 1) Consider Types of Choices 2) Define Player / Character Expression 3) Establish Your Narrative Goals 4) Get Some Perspective 5) Write Prose
17 Step 1: Consider Types of Choices Provide Tactical Choices Provide Strategic Choices Forecast Consequences Validate All Options to Avoid Win / Loss
18 Choice Architecture Choice architects must choose something. You have to meddle. For example, you can't design a neutral building. There is no such thing. A building must have doors, elevators, restrooms. All of these details influence choices people make. Richard Thaler. 56 th Annual Management Conference. Chicago Marriot Hotel. Chicago. May 16, 2008.
19 Tactical Node by Node Making decisions to affect short-term outcomes. Immediate, scripted responses.
20 Strategic Long-Term Outcome Alpha Protocol Reputation Fallout: New Vegas - Reputation Small or Non-Scripted Responses - Indirect Reaction Systems
21 Forecasting Consequences Intrigue the player, but inform them Surprise the player, but don t anger them Differentiate consequences Lace consequences with sacrifices Push / pull conflict = agony = good
22 Validating Options with Choice and Consequence Alpha Protocol - Grigori
23 ... vs. Choice and No Consequence
24 ... vs. Win and Loss
25 Choice X-TREEEEEEEEMES Sophie s Choice Jesus / Hitler
26 Choice Agony Orestes Antigone
27 Not Spice Agony
28 Step 2: Define Player / Character Expression Define Response / Reactivity Scope Establish Character Prototypes Create a Range of Impacts
29 Scope of Responses and Reactivity Good and Evil? Shades of Grey? Stance -oriented? Other? Direct (Scripted) and Indirect Reactivity Mechanics (e.g. Influence, Reputation, etc.)
30 Fallout: New Vegas Scope and Range Large Scope of Responses Anything Goes, at any Scale (Kill Everyone) Reverse-Triple-Cross Capable! Lots of scripted reactivity Reputation as Indirect Reactivity System
31 Prototypes: Character Templates Starting Point for Players Character Concept Help Define and Reinforce Scope and Range Can be Used for More than Dialogue Voice
32 Fallout: New Vegas Prototypes...? Alice That Beard Guy? The Man With No Name Mad Max Doomsday Tattoo Lady
33 Create a Range of Impacts Choices should have impact Indirect reaction systems count, too Narrative / emotional impact is the important scale
34 Fallout: New Vegas Impacts Fallout: New Vegas Archimedes II Fallout: New Vegas - Honest Hearts Salt-Upon-Wounds
35 Alpha Protocol Scope & Prototypes Response and Reactivity Scope: Professional / Suave / Aggressive+ Heavily Scripted Reactivity Reputation Indirect Reaction System Prototypes: Jason Bourne James Bond Jack Bauer
36 Step 3: Establish Narrative Goals Fuse Information and Emotional Content Separate Critical and Optional Information Outline Your Narrative Branching
37 Information and Emotional Content NO THX (don t separate these two things)
38 Critical vs. Optional Information Few players want information dumps in dialogue Most players like understanding what s going on Hints and hanging references are exposition, too (Bioshock owns)
39 Narrative Branching Guarantee Critical Information Isolate Reactivity Generally, More Branching is Better Than Bigger Branches
40 Fallout: New Vegas They Went That-A-Way Steps are informational, independent Localized reactivity Critical information is the next step Supplemental info seasoning Player freedom = huge (kill everyone)
41 Step 4: Get Some Perspective Satisfactory Choices? Well, are they? Role-Playing vs. Benefit Is there a conflict? If so what kinds? Critical and Optional Narrative Is the player getting everything he or she needs?
42 Step 5: Write Prose Don t blow it.!
43 In Conclusion... You are choice architects. Planning required. RPG players want good choices. Designer and player goals may be in conflict. You must resolve those conflicts or consciously accep the conflicts they present.
44 Questions and Comments Special Thanks: The Fallout: New Vegas Team Mikey Dowling Katie Susoeff Chris Avellone Rob Pardo Blizzard Entertainment Twitter: Formspring:
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