CONTENTS. THE ROMAN MINT AND EARLY BRITAIN. BY W. SHARP OGDEN... T HAAKON SCHETELIG, DOCT.PHIL., CURATOR OF THE BERGEN MUSEUM.

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1 CONTENTS. PAGE THE ROMAN MINT AND EARLY BRITAIN. BY W. SHARP OGDEN... T A COIN OF OFFA FOUND IN A VIKING-AGE BURIAL AT Voss, NORWAY. BY HAAKON SCHETELIG, DOCT.PHIL., CURATOR OF THE BERGEN MUSEUM. COMMUNICATED BY G. A. AUDEN, M.A., M.D., F.S.A 51 THE GOLD MANCUS OF OFFA, KING OF MERCIA. BY P. W. P. CARLYON- BRITTON, F.S.A., PRESIDENT A PENNY OF ST..ETHEI.BERHT, KING OF EAST ANGLIA. BY P. W. P. CARLYON- BRITTON, F.S.A., PRESIDENT ON SOME COINS OF THE TENTH CENTURY FOUND IN THE ISLE OF MAN, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A PENNY OF ANLAF STRUCK AT DERBY. BY P. W. P. CARLYON-BRITTON, F.S.A., PRESIDENT 85 A NUMISMATIC HISTORY OF THE REIGNS OF WILLIAM 1. AND II. ( ). PART II. THE HISTORIES OF THE MINTS, CONTINUED. BY P. W. P. CARLYON-BRITTON, F.S.A., PRESIDENT 97 FINDS OF MEDIAEVAL CUT HALFPENCE AND FARTHINGS AT DUNWICH. BY EDWARD R. H. HANCOX 123 THE CROSS AS A MINT-MARK. BY SHIRLEY Fox, R.B.A 135 PORTRAITURE OF OUR STUART MONARCHS ON THEIR COINS AND MEDALS. PART I. BY HELEN FARQUHAR 145 COIN COLLECTING IN THE DECCAN. BY MAJOR R. P. JACKSON, INDIAN ARMY (RETIRED) COIN COLLECTING IN MYSORE. BY MAJOR R. P. JACKSON SOME COPPER COINS ISSUED BY THE ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY AND OTHER EUROPEAN POWERS IN SOUTHERN INDIA. BY MAJOR R. P. JACKSON THE PATTERN HALFPENNIES OF 1788 AND 1790 BY J. P. DROZ. BY STANLEY BOUSFIELD, M.A., M.B 347 EVOLUTION OF PORTRAITURE ON THE SILVER PENNY. BY W. J. ANDREW, F.S.A., HON. SECRETARY THE ANGLO-SAXON COMPUTATION OF HISTORIC TIME JN THE NINTH CENTURY, CONTINUED. BY ALFRED ANSCOMBE, F.R.HIST.SOC., HON. SECRETARY 381 A REVIEW. COINS AND HOW TO KNOW TIIUM BY GERTRUDE BURFORD RAWLINGS. 409

2 Contents. TAGIL PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OFFICERS AND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS REPORT OF THE COUNCIL 448 PRESENTATION TO MR. CARLYON-BRITTON 456 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT AND BALANCE SHEET LIST OF MEMBERS 469 INDEX ILLUSTRATIONS. THE ROMAN MINT AND EARLY BRITAIN. PLATE I, FIG. I. THE POMPEIAN FRESCO. AMORIXI WORKING THE ROMAN MINT FACING I PLATE II, FIG. 2. THE POMPEIAN FRESCO. PREPARING THE FLANS FACING 6 PLATE III, FIG. 3. THE POMPEIAN FRESCO. STRIKING THE COINS. FIG. 4. APPROVING THE FINISHED COIN... FACING 8 MOULDS FOR THE FLANS CENTRAL SEAM LEFT BY THE MOULD EVIDENCE OF SLIPPED MOULDS 13 FLAN FROM MATRIX SUNK IN ONE FACE ONLY OF MOULD.. 14 ALMOND-SHAPED FLAN A CAREFULLY FINISHED FLAN 15 TORCULUM FROM A FRESCO AT POMPEII 16 FLAN STAMPED FROM SHEET-METAL 17 HINGED DIES 19 MEDLEVAL MONEYER'S PASS 19 DIES HELD BY FORCEPS 20 PROPORTIONS OF THE DIES A POSSIBLE INTERMEDIATE DIE COINS MUTILATED AT THE MINT 22 COIN SHOWING CARELESS CLIPPING MOULDS ARRANGED FOR CASTING 26 SILVER PENNY OF OFFA FOUND IN NORWAY THE GOLD MANCUS OF OFFA, KING OF MERCIA. PLATE I. THE GOLD MANCUS AND COINS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE SUBJECT FACING 55

3 Contents. PAGE THE GOLD MANCUS OF OFFA, KING OF MERCIA continued PLATE II. ENLARGED FACSIMILES OF THE LEGENDS OF THE MANCUS AND A CONTEMPORARY DINAR. DRAWN BY LORD GRANTLEY, F.S.A FACING 56 NUMISMATIC MAP OF EUROPE IN THE TIME OF OFFA. FACING 67 A PENNY OF ST. ^ETHELBERHT, KING OF EAST ANGLIA, AND COINS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE SUBJECT FACING 73 COINS FOUND IN THE ISLE OF MAN. PLATE I FACING 85 PLATE II, INCLUDING COINS OF ANLAF AND ATHELSTAN STRUCK AT DERBY FACING 92 COINS OF WILLIAM I. AND II. PLATE IX. THE BARNSTAPLE, EXETER, AND TOTNES MINTS FACING 97 PLATE X. THE BRIDPORT, DORCHESTER, AND SHAFTESBURY MINTS FACING 104 PLATE XI. THE WAREHAM AND DURHAM MINTS.. FACING NO PLATE XII. THE COLCHESTER AND MALDON MINTS.. - FACING 114 COINS FOUND AT DUNWICH FACING 123 TI-IE CROSS AS A MINT-MARK. THE CROSSES, DRAWN BY MR. SHIRLEY FOX.... FACING 135 PLATE I. ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE MINT-MARK CROSS ON ENGLISH SILVER COINS FACING 138 PLATE II. ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE MINT-MARK CROSS ON ENGLISH SILVER COINS FACING 140 PORTRAITURE OF OUR STUART MONARCHS ON THEIR COINS AND MEDALS. CHARLES II. FROM AN ORIGINAL COLOURED CHALK DRAWING BY SIR PETER LELY IN THE COLLECTION OF MR. W. SHARP OGDEN. COLOURED FACSIMILE (REDUCED)..... FACING 145 JAMES I. FIRST ENGLISH UNIT JAMES I. LAUREL JAMES I. FROM A RARE PRINT IN THE COLLECTION OF MR. W. SHARP OGDEN FACING 153 COUNTER OF JAMES I. AND PRINCE CHARLES SILVER-GILT BOX, CIRCA 1618? JAMES I. ENGRAVED ON THE LID OF THE BOX HAT-PIECE OF JAMES VI. OF SCOTLAND R58 JAMES I. BY SIMON VAN DF. PASSE PEACE-WITII-SPAIN MEDAL PEACE-WITH-SPAIN MEDAL WITH BORDER 160 ATTEMPTED-UNION MEDAL

4 Vlll Contents. PAGE PORTRAITURE OF OUR STUART MONARCHS ON THEIR COINS AND MEDALS continued MEDAL OF JAMES I., REVERSE, THE ARK 164 SCOTTISH TWENTY-SHILLING PIECE OF JAMES I.'S SECOND SCOTTISH UNIT AFTER HIS ACCESSION TO THE ENGLISH THRONE 170 FIRST SCOTTISH UNIT OF CHARLES L 171 BRIOT'S SCOTTISH UNIT, SECOND ISSUE 172 SHILLING BY BRIOT, MINT-MARK FLOWER AND B UNIT OF CHARLES I HIGHLY EMBOSSED PATTERN WITH CROWNED BUST : MINT-MARK PLUME 177 THE JUXON MEDAL 178 HIGHLY EMBOSSED PATTERN FOR TWENTY-SHILLINGS, MINT-MARK PLUME, UNCROWNED BUST RETURN-TO-LONDON MEDAL, 1633, R.V BRIOT 182 BRIOT'S PATTERN FOR A CROWN LID OF A COUNTER BOX MEDAL ON THE BIRTH OF PRINCE CHARLES UNIT OF CHARLES I., THIRD TYPE, MINT-MARK, HARP UNIT OF CHARLES I., FIRST ISSUE SHILLING, MINT-MARK PLUME, PORTRAIT OF HENRIETTA MARIA, FROM A LINE ENGRAVING BY DE JODE IN THE COLLECTION OF MR. W. SHARP OGDEN. FACING 192 PICTURE AT COMBE ABBEY OF CHARLES AND HENRIETTA MARIA, BY VAN DYCK 193 CHILDREN OF CHARLES I PATTERN HALF-GROAT OF CHARLES I. IN RUFF BRIOT'S SHILLING, MINT-MARK ANCHOR, SECOND TYPE.. T97 SCOTTISH CORONATION MEDAI 198 MEDAL OF CHARLES I. BY JOHN ROETTIER 199 MARBLE BUST OF CHARLES I. IN THE COLLECTION OF MR. LAURENCE CURRIE FACING 200 MARBLE BAS-RELIEF OF CHARLES I. : MEMORIAL CIRCA FACING 202 DOMINION-OF-THE-SEA MEDAL, BY BRIOT, DOMINION-OF-THE-SEA MEDAL, BY BRIOT, ABERYSTWITH PENNY OF CHARLES I OXFORD ^3 PIECE, SHILLING, MINT-MARK (P) 208 SHILLING, MINT-MARK EYE 208 CIVIL WAR BADGE BY RAWLINS 211

5 Contents. IX PORTRAITURE OF OUR STUART MONARCHS ON THEIR COINS AND MEDALS PAGE continued CIVIL WAR BADGE IN PROFILE BY RAWLINS 211 COUNTER OF PRINCE HENRY 214 GOLD MEDAL OF PRINCE HENRY 214 CROMWELL'S CROWN 216 DUNBAR MEDAI MEDAL OF CROMWELL AS PROTECTOR 222 PORTRAIT OF CROMWELL FROM A CONTEMPORARY ENGRAVING IN THE COLLECTION OF MR. W. SHARP OGDEN.. FACING 224 CORONATION MEDAL OF CHARLES II. BY SIMON 229 PROOF FOR A BROAD, IST COINAGE OF CHARLES II. 230 PROOF FOR A HALF-CROWN, IST COINAGE OF CHARLES II BROAD OF THE IST COINAGE OF CHARLES II HALF-GROAT, HAMMERED ; HALF-GROAT, MILLED ; AND PENNY, MILLED, OF CHARLES II 232 CROWN OF CHARLES II. BY ROETTIER THE REDDITE CROWN OF CHARLES II CHARLES II. BATTLE-OF-LOWESTOFT MEDAL BY ROETTIER CHARLES II. NOS-PENES-IMPERIUM MEDAL BY RAWLINS CHARLES II. NAVAL REWARD BY SIMON CHARLES II., FROM A DRAWING BY DAVID LOGGAN IN THE COLLECTION OF DR. GEORGE WILLIAMSON..... FACING 246 DIXI-CUSTODIAM MEDAL OF CHARLES II 250 CHARLES II., AS KING OF THE SCOTS, FROM A RARE ENGRAVING IN THE COLLECTION OF MR. W. SHARP OGDEN.. FACING 251 BADGES OF CHARLES II. IN HIS YOUTH JAM-FLORESCIT MEDAL OF CHARLES II THE FELICITAS-BRITANNI.-E MEDAL OF CHARLES II.. FACING 252 THE GOLDEN MEDAL OF CHARLES AND CATHARINE QUEEN CATHARINE, FROM A MEZZOTINT IN THE COLLECTION OF MR. W. SHARP OGDEN FACING 256 BRITISH COLONIZATION MEDAL OF CHARLES AND CATHARINE CHARLES II. THE CHRIST'S HOSPITAL MEDAL COIN COLLECTING IN THE DECCAN. PLATE I. COINS FROM THE DECCAN..... FACING 270 PLATE II.,, 274 PLATE III. 278 COIN COLLECTING IN MYSORE. PLATE I. MYSORE COINS FACING 288 PLATE II. 3 8

6 Contents. PAGE COIN COLLECTING IN MYSORE continued PLATE III. MYSORE COINS FACING 334 COINS ISSUED BY THE BRITISH, DUTCH, DANES, AND FRENCH IN SOUTHERN INDIA FACING 342 PATTERN HALFPENNIES BY DROZ. PLATE I. HALFPENNIES ENLARGED TO TWICE THE DIAMETER, FACING 348 PLATE II. 3S 2 SO-CALLED DROZ FARTHINGS POTRRAITURE ON THE SILVER PENNY FACING 361 RARE VARIETY OF A PENNY OF ATHELSTAN 365 SMALL AND THICK EXPERIMENTAL PENNY OF EDWARD THE CON- FESSOR 373 GOLD CROWN OF. HENRY VIII. 418 SCEATTAS FOUND IN FRIESLAND NORTHUMBRIAN STYCA OF EARDWULF 429 IMITATION OF ROMAN MINIMI IN BRONZE AND THE PROTOTYPE FOR THE OBVERSE 432 PENNY OF STEPHEN, HAWKINS, 268. CASTLE RISING MINT FORGERY OF A GROAT OF HENRY IV PENNY OF COENWULF OF MERCIA UNPUBLISHED VARIETY OF THE CORONATION MEDAL OF WILLIAM AND MARY 442 PENNY OF OFFA WITH AN UNRECORDED MONEYER 443 PENNIES OF HENRY IV. OR HENRY V 443 SINGLE PAISAH OF TIPPO SAIB OF MYSORE 443 COPPER COIN OF GRANADA FOUND AT ABINGDON SILVER HALF-GROS OF HENRY IV 444 PENNY OF CNUT WITH REVERSE OF TETHELRED II., YORK MINT

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8 PLATE I.