TENNESSEE. State Performance Indicators. Practice and Mastery. Reading and Language Arts. Tennessee TCAP TCAP TCAP TCAP TCAP TCAP TCAP TCAP TCAP TCAP

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1 7 TENNESSEE State Performance Indicators Reading and Language Arts Practice and Mastery Tennessee

2 To the Student This book provides practice with the reading and language arts skills that students in grade 7 should master. The book has two practices. Each practice contains 70 multiple-choice items from the seven key categories of reading and language arts: content, meaning, vocabulary, writing/organization, writing process, grammar conventions, and techniques and skills. The total number of items is 140. Your teacher will explain how to complete each practice. Use the Answer Form, on page 53, to record your answers. Remember to fill in the answer circles completely. If you change an answer, fully erase your first answer. Table of CONTENTS Practice One Part One Part Two Practice Two Part One Part Two Answer Form To help you choose the best response to an item, use the following tips: Read each item carefully before you try to answer it. Be sure you know what the item is asking you to do. Cross out any answer choices that are not reasonable. Then make your final choice from the remaining choices. Read the item again. Check to be sure your answer makes sense. Written by Robert G. Forest, EdD Contributing Writers: Patricia Delanie and Christopher Forest Edited by Mary Ellen Osowski Illustration and Photo Credits: pgs. 1, 19, 27, 32, 40 Jupiter Images, Inc; pgs. 3, 6, 45, Lisa Greenleaf; pg. 9, Courtesy of RubyFalls.com; Shutterstock.com, pg. 16, Wai Chan, pg. 29, Stanislav Khrapov; pg. 42, Courtesy of the Tennessee Aquarium ISBN Curriculum Associates, Inc. North Billerica, MA No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without written permission from the publisher. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA

3 Practice ONE Part One DIRECTIONS Read the a verse poem from by the Lucy poem Larcom. written by Edgar Allan Poe Then ( ). answer Numbers Then answer 1 through Numbers 4. 1 through 4. The Bells Hear the mellow wedding bells, Golden bells! What a world of happiness their harmony foretells! Through the balmy air of night (5) How they ring out their delight! From the molten-golden notes, And all in tune, What a liquid ditty floats To the turtle-dove that listens, while she gloats (10) On the moon! Oh, from out the sounding cells, What a gush of euphony voluminously wells! euphony: the pleasantness of sound How it swells! voluminously: vastly, enormously How it dwells (15) On the future! how it tells Of the rapture that impels rapture: great pleasure To the swinging and the ringing Of the bells, bells, bells, Of the bells, bells, bells, bells, (20) Bells, bells, bells To the rhyming and the chiming of the bells! 1

4 1. Read lines 17 and 21. Each of these lines contains an example of A hyperbole B internal rhyme C personification D alliteration 2. In lines 17 through 21, the poem creates the sound of tolling bells through the use of F rhyme G metaphors H onomatopoeia J repetition 3. In line 8 of the poem, the adjective liquid means the same as A wet B fluid C clear and pure D easily converted into cash 4. In lines 11 and 12, the word that is an interjection is F Oh G gush H What J out 2

5 DIRECTIONS Read the following public service announcement. Then answer Numbers 5 through 12. TAKE COVER! In the United States, one million new cases of skin cancer are reported each year. One cause of skin cancer is too much exposure to the sun s invisible yet harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. The sun s UVB rays can harm skin in less than 15 minutes of exposure. This summer, take steps to prevent skin cancer. Learn to protect yourself from too much sun. By following these tips, you can safely enjoy being out of doors. Limit the amount of time you spend outdoors. If possible, don t go outside between the hours of 11 A.M. and 4 P.M. when the sun is at its peak. Be careful on cloudy days, too. Sunscreen lotions, gels, creams, and sprays help filter out UV rays. Wear sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher. Apply the sunscreen to skin that is exposed 30 minutes before you go outside, and reapply it after swimming or sweating. Use sun block with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide on your ears, nose, and lips. Wear a broad-brimmed hat to protect your face and head. Wear loose-fitting clothing with long sleeves and pants. Wear a pair of sunglasses that provide UVA/UVB protection. For more information contact: Marsha Lyle County Health Services Department of Health Charlton Medical Center 3

6 5. The main purpose of this public service announcement is A to explain how to prevent overexposure to the sun B to persuade people to stay indoors when the sun is at its peak C to present the symptoms of different types of skin cancer D to describe how sunscreen helps protect skin from ultraviolet rays 6. According to the public service announcement, one cause of skin cancer is F applying sunscreen a half hour before going outside G being exposed to excessive ultraviolet rays H wearing loose-fitting clothing J going outside between the hours of 11:00 A.M. and 4:00 P.M. 7. Based on information in the public service announcement, the reader can infer that a sunscreen with an SPF of less than 15 A does not block exposure to ultraviolet rays B completely blocks exposure to ultraviolet rays C greatly decreases exposure to ultraviolet rays D only slightly decreases exposure to ultraviolet rays 8. What is the theme or underlying message of the public service announcement? F how to control ultraviolet rays G the importance of wearing sunglasses H ways to avoid skin cancer J using clothing to prevent sun exposure 4

7 9. Read this sentence from the public service announcement. Sunscreen lotions, gels, creams, and sprays help filter out UV rays. The word that is similar in meaning to filter is A increase B attract C separate D connect 10. Which of these facts supports the author s viewpoint that Americans are not protecting themselves from the sun when out of doors? F The sun reaches its peak between the hours of 11:00 A.M. and 4:00 P.M. G The sun s UV rays can harm the skin even on cloudy days. H The sun s UV rays can harm the skin in less than 15 minutes of exposure. J One million new cases of skin cancer are reported each year in the United States. 11. The author employs markers called bullets as a means to A highlight important sun-protection tips B emphasize time limits in the sun C list the effects of zinc oxide D describe the sun s rays when the sun is at its peak 12. What prediction can you make about persons who ignore the suggestions in the announcement? F They should always be active when outdoors. G They could eventually contract skin cancer. H They may suffer serious physical problems. J They will probably avoid being harmed. 5

8 DIRECTIONS Read the retelling of a Greek myth. Then answer Numbers 13 through 20. Echo and Narcissus Echo was a beautiful, but talkative, maiden who was in love with the handsome Narcissus. One day Hera, the wife of the powerful ruler Zeus, discovered that Echo had tricked her. To punish the foolish girl, Hera took away Echo s voice. From this day forward, Hera told Echo, you will only be able to repeat the last words that someone else says to you. Hera s curse did nothing to lessen Echo s love for Narcissus. One day as Narcissus hunted in the woods, the lovesick Echo silently followed him. How I wish I could talk to him! she thought. When Narcissus heard the sound of twigs crackling behind him, he shouted, Who s there? Who s there? repeated Echo. Show yourself, demanded Narcissus. Show yourself, said Echo. Leave me alone, Narcissus pleaded. I want nothing to do with you. Nothing to do with you was all that Echo could say. Narcissus laughed at Echo s predicament and ran away from the heartbroken girl. Echo retreated into the mountain cliffs where she lived for the rest of her lonely days. She pined away until the only thing that remained of her was her voice. To punish Narcissus for his unkind treatment of Echo, the goddess Artemis made him experience a love that could not be fulfilled. On a hot summer day, Narcissus paused to drink from a clear pool of water. He was immediately fascinated by the sight of a beautiful stranger. He gazed quietly at the curly hair, bright eyes, skin as smooth as marble, and pearly white teeth. The longer he looked, the more he fell in love with the stranger, his own reflection. He was so entranced that he forgot to eat, drink, or sleep. Narcissus wasted away until he died of a broken heart. Over Narcissus s grave, a special flower grew, one with a yellow center encircled with white petals. To this day, the flower is known as the narcissus. 6

9 13. In the last paragraph, the word entranced means A put into a trance B avoided a trance C enclosed by a trance D made possible by a trance 14. Read the outline that details events in the myth. Echo and Narcissus I. Echo loves Narcissus. II. Hera punishes Echo. III. Narcissus is unkind to Echo. IV. V. Narcissus wastes away. Which of these completes item IV? F Artemis punishes Narcissus. G Hera takes away Echo s voice. H Echo repeats only last words. J Twigs crackle behind Narcissus. 15. What evidence in the myth indicates that Narcissus was vain? A Narcissus enjoys hunting and walking in the woods. B Narcissus falls in love with his own reflection. C Narcissus coldly rejects Echo s voice and Echo pines away. D Narcissus ceases all eating, drinking, and sleeping. 16. The natural event that this myth seeks to explain is F how cliffs were created G how the echo came to be H why flowers bloom in spring J why plants die in winter 7

10 17. Study four words that appear in the myth. gazed, laughed, thought, retreated These words are all A plural nouns B verbs in the past tense C comparative adjectives D verbs in the present tense 18. Read the sentence from the myth. He gazed quietly at the curly hair, bright eyes, skin as smooth as marble, and pearly white teeth. The comparison used to describe the skin is an example of F an idiom G a simile H personification J rhyme 19. As used in the final paragraph, the words his own reflection are an example of A a clause B an appositive phrase C a prepositional phrase D a compound subject 20. In which of these modes is the myth written? F a technical mode G a descriptive mode H a persuasive mode J a narrative mode 8

11 DIRECTIONS Read the selection about Ruby Falls. Then answer Numbers 21 through 27. The Story of Ruby Falls The Original Lookout Mountain Cave Ruby Falls is located in Chattanooga, Tennessee. The story of Ruby Falls begins with the original Lookout Mountain Cave which once had a natural entrance on the banks of the Tennessee River at the foot of Lookout Mountain. Tales of this cave s huge chambers and winding passages have long been passed down from one generation to the next. Chattanooga inhabitants have known of the cave s whereabouts for centuries. The rich history of this cave includes visits by Native Americans, cave explorers, notorious outlaws, civil war soldiers, and even a president of the United States. A Civil War hospital once used the cave as a campsite. There were many reports of explorers traveling deep into this cave, as far as 12 miles, without reaching the end. The Closing In 1905, due to geographical limitations, the Southern Railroad Company was forced to construct a tunnel along the face of Lookout Mountain through some portions of the mountain for one of its lines. This tunnel intersected and sealed off the natural entrance to the Lookout Mountain Cave. By doing, this Lookout Mountain Cave was completely shut off to the public. Reopening the Cave Leo Lambert, a local cave enthusiast, knew of Lookout Mountain Cave and its rich history. Lambert had explored the cave prior to its being sealed off. He longed to reopen the cave to the public and developed a plan to do so. In 1923, Mr. Lambert, along with a group of investors, decided to carry out his plan. His idea was to drill an elevator shaft from another point on the mountain to access the cave from the surface above. Work on this engineering feat began in the fall of On December 28, 1928, while excavating the elevator shaft, a worker operating a jackhammer discovered a void in the rock and felt a gush of air. This void was located at the 260-foot level, still 160 feet above the Lookout Mountain Cave. Upon further inspection, an opening 18 inches high and five feet wide was discovered. While exploring, Lambert and some crew members uncovered a number of unusual and beautiful rock formations, flowing passages, and stream beds. Pushing their way deeper and deeper into the cave, they eventually reached a wondrous waterfall. Lambert and his exploration party were awestruck by its magnificence and beauty, and quickly returned to the surface to share their new-found discovery with the rest of the crew. The round-trip journey took them about 17 hours. On his next exploration into the cave, Lambert took several people including his wife Ruby to see the many wonders he and his crew had discovered. While gazing at the waterfall, Lambert told his wife that he would name it in her honor, Ruby Falls. 9

12 A Major Attraction Today Ruby Falls is one of Chattanooga s major tourist attractions. Its entrance is situated in a medieval-style stone structure, Cavern Castle, located on the side of Lookout Mountain along the Scenic Highway. From here, visitors are taken by elevator 260 feet down to the cave. Guided tours cover a distance of about 700 yards along an electrically lit passageway leading to the 145-foot falls. Along the way are numerous stone formations with such whimsical names as Leaning Tower, Beehives, and Hall of Dreams. Colored lights and music add drama to this natural spectacle. Upon leaving the cave, visitors are treated to a panoramic view of the Tennessee River valley from atop the castle s tower. 21. If you seek information about Leo Lambert s plan, under which text heading would you look? A The Original Lookout Mountain Cave B The Closing C Reopening the Cave D A Major Attraction 22. Which of these phrases from the last paragraph of the selection contains an indication of time order? F in her honor G along the Scenic Highway H to a panoramic view J on his next exploration 23. Which of these sentences would be an appropriate conclusion for the last paragraph? A Each year hundreds of thousands of visitors observe Ruby Falls and its attractions in all their splendor. B Every tourist enjoys the stone formations. C Ruby Falls are 145 feet tall. D The guided tour covers a distance of about 700 yards. 10

13 24. The author most likely wrote this selection in order to F describe the natural wonder of Ruby Falls and its surroundings G persuade tourists to visit Ruby Falls and its attractions H explain the closing and reopening of the Lookout Mountain Cave J inform readers about Tennessee s unique geography 25. Read the sentence from the selection. Pushing their way deeper and deeper into the cave, they eventually reached a wondrous waterfall. The comma is used to A separate items in a series B separate a subordinate clause from the main sentence C connect compound sentences D connect two adverbial phrases 26. If a tourist visits Ruby Falls and writes an account of his or her observations, the writer is considered F a novelist G an editor H an eyewitness J a historian 27. One characteristic of a nonfiction selection is that A it includes some poetry B it requires a mystery to be solved C it consists of factual material D it relies on the author s imagination 11

14 DIRECTIONS Read the draft of Caryn s report, which may contain errors. Then answer Numbers 28 through 35. (1) Margaret Knight is noted for her many practical inventions, among them the paper bag. Margaret Knight was born in York, Maine in Her nickname was Mattie and, as a young girl, she was very capable, building kites and sleds for her brothers. From the age of nine through her teens, she was employed as a worker in a textile mill in Manchester, New Hampshire. (2) During her years at the mill, Mattie witnessed many workers accidents caused by the shuttle of the weaving machines. The infamous shuttle was known as the kiss of death. At the tender age of twelve, Mattie invented a stop mechanism to control the shuttle. If a worker or object was caught in the machine, the stop-action device was activated. At first no one would listen to her as she attempted to explain the invention. After all, in addition to being so young, she was a girl. What would a girl know about machinery? Her brother-in-law convinced the mill manager to hear her out. Her invention was added to the shuttle and lives were saved. (3) Margaret Knight was one of the most productive female inventors ever. She had 27 patents to her credit. In her later years, she was referred to as the female Edison. She died in (4) Because of her life-saving invention, Mattie was hired to work at a paper-bag factory. Here, she put her creative resources to work again. She discovered a new way to make paper bags that they wouldn t be flimsy. Her invention would automaticaly fold and glue the bags providing them with folded, square bottoms. The part she invented is still used today in paper-bag production. 28. Which two paragraphs should be switched to provide a logical order of events? F paragraphs 2 and 4 G paragraphs 3 and 4 H paragraphs 1 and 2 J paragraphs 1 and Which of these statements about the report contains a topic suitable for further research? A Margaret Knight put her creative resources to work again. B Her invention is still used today in paper-bag production. C She built kites and sleds for her brothers. D Margaret Knight was one of history s most productive female inventors. 30. Read the sentence from paragraph 4. She discovered a new way to make paper bags that they wouldn t be flimsy. Which of these sentences below is rewritten correctly? F She discovered a new way to make paper bags that wouldn t be flimsy. G She discovered a new way to make not flimsy paper bags. H She discovered a new way to make paper bags and they wouldn t be flimsy. J She discovered a new way to make paper bags. 12

15 31. Read the sentences from paragraph 3. Margaret Knight was one of the most productive female inventors. She had 27 patents to her credit. Which of these best combines the two sentences? A Margaret Knight was one of the most productive female inventors; however, she had 27 patents to her credit. B Margaret Knight, one of the most productive female inventors, had 27 patents to her credit. C Margaret Knight was one of the most productive female inventors, but she had 27 patents to her credit. D Margaret Knight had 27 patents to her credit, and she became one of the most productive female inventors. 32. The correct spelling for the underlined word in paragraph 4 is F automatickaly G automatically H ottomaticaly J Leave it as is. 33. The adjective that best fits the empty circle in the web is A active B flimsy capable Margaret Knight C contagious D productive bright inventive 34. Study the first part of the analogy in the box. shuttle : stop mechanism :: : The word pair that best completes the analogy is F sewing : weaving G customer : paper bags H automobile : brakes J invention : patent 35. In paragraph 4, the group of words that is a prepositional phrase is A at a paper-bag factory B her creative resources C a new way D that they wouldn t be flimsy 13