An index to the Sapir-Thomas texts * Adam Werle

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1 An index to the Sapir-Thomas texts * Adam 1. Introduction This document serves as an index to the Sapir-Thomas (ST) texts, which are also sometimes called Nootka texts. These were collected by Edward Sapir and Alex Thomas from 1910 to 1933, then edited by Sapir, Morris Swadesh, and others, and published in six volumes in from 1939 to 2009 (see below). While the first two volumes (1939, 1955) included several thematic parts, the later volumes ( ) contain just one part each. Further, later parts were published out of order. Last, part 3 has no texts, but is rather a grammatical sketch and wordlist. The following table depicts the correspondences amongst volumes, parts, series numbers (sn), and years of publication, in order by year. (1) volume year sn parts title Nootka texts Native accounts of Nootka ethnography Tales of extraordinary experience Legendary hunters The origin of the Wolf Ritual Family origin histories I acknowledge Matt Davidson, David Inman, and Henry Kammler for much helpful discussion, supporting information, and corrections concerning the texts. 2. Bibliography Next, I provide detailed bibliographic information on all six volumes of the Sapir- Thomas texts. Let us begin with volumes 1 and Edward Sapir and Morris Swadesh. Nootka texts: Tales and ethnological narratives: With grammatical notes and lexical materials. Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of America Edward Sapir and Morris Swadesh. Native accounts of Nootka ethnography. Publications of the Indiana University Research Center in Anthropology, Folklore, and Linguistics 1. International Journal of American Linguistics 21:4, part 2. Although Sapir and Swadesh called themselves the authors of the 1939 and 1955 volumes, this would not be acceptable today, because they did not create the texts themselves, but rather recorded and edited stories told by other people. The editors of * (CC BY) 2017 Adam, Quuquuatsa Language Society ms. See creativecommons.org. 2017/4/24 1

2 the later volumes did their best to correct this, acknowledging the original storytellers, translators, and editors alike. I reproduce such information as given. Volumes 3 6 (parts 9 12) were published by the Canadian Museum of Civilization, through its Mercury Series, and are organized under the broad supertitle The whaling Indians: West Coast legends and stories Sapir-Thomas texts part 10. Tales of extraordinary experience. told by Sa:ya:ch apis, William, Dick La:maẖo:s, Captain Bill, and Tyee Bob. prepared by Edward Sapir, Morris Swadesh, Alexander Thomas, John Thomas, and Frank Williams. edited by Eugene Arima, Terry Klokeid, and Katherine Robinson. Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service paper 134. Hull: Canadian Museum of Civilization Sapir-Thomas texts part 9. Legendary hunters. told by Sa:ya:ch apis, William, Frank Williams, Big Fred, Captain Bill, and Qwishanishim. prepared by Edward Sapir, Morris Swadesh, Alexander Thomas, John Thomas, and Frank Williams. edited by Eugene Arima, Terry Klokeid, and Katherine Robinson. Mercury Series, Ethnology paper 139. Gatineau: Canadian Museum of Civilization Sapir-Thomas texts part 12. The origin of the Wolf Ritual. told by Sa:ya:ch apis and Lo:tisim. prepared by Edward Sapir, Morris Swadesh, Alexander Thomas, John Thomas, and Frank Williams. edited by Eugene Arima, Terry Klokeid, and Katherine Robinson. Mercury Series, Ethnology paper 144. Gatineau: Canadian Museum of Civilization Sapir-Thomas texts part 11. Family origin histories. told by Tyee Bob, Sa:ya:ch apis, William, Qwishanishim, Lo:tisim, Tayi:ʔ a, and Chief Louie Nookmiis. prepared by Edward Sapir, Morris Swadesh, Hamilton George, Alexander Thomas, Frank Williams, Katie Fraser, and John Thomas. edited by Eugene Arima, Henry Kammler, Terry Klokeid, and Katherine Robinson. Mercury Series, Ethnology paper 145. Gatineau: Canadian Museum of Civilization. Other sources cited in this document follow Edward Sapir. The rival whalers: A Nitinat story (Nootka text with translation and grammatical analysis). International Journal of American Linguistics 3: A. Thomas and E.Y. Arima. t a:t a:qsapa: A practical orthography for Nootka. National Museum of Man Publications in Ethnology no. 1. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada Adam. Westcoast personography. Quuquuatsa Language Society ms. 2017/4/24 2

3 3. Index I list the Sapir-Thomas texts here according to their traditional numbering and thematic classification. In each index entry, I give the text s number, title, starting page number, year of collection, and author that is, the elder who provided the text. I identify authors by unique two-character codes, as follows. CB: Captain Bill; TB: Tyee Bob; BF: Big Fred; HG: Hamilton George; CH: Chief Harry; PQ: Peter Kishkish; LD: łaamaḥuus Dick; LZ: łuutasiʔii; LX: łuutisim; QX: Qwishanishim; SY: saayaac apis Tom; XT: Alex Thomas; DT: Douglas Thomas; WX: William; FW: Frank Williams. For more background on these codes, see I present the original numbering of the texts, and their division into twelve thematic parts, despite certain inconsistencies. For example, although there are 140 texts, they are numbered up to 147. Numbers 80 to 84 are not used, and some texts are duplicated. I mark such duplicate texts with the notation [d]. (Thanks to Henry Kammler for clarification concerning numbering and duplication.) 1 Be aware that the text titles use at least two different spelling schemes for Nuuchahnulth words and names, namely Sapir and Swadesh s practical (non-phonetic) spelling, and the Thomas-Arima practical system (Thomas and Arima 1970). Although I have not changed the spelling of the titles, I have corrected a few typos, and have presented all titles with so-called sentence case throughout. Part Tales 1. What mosquitoes are made of (HG 1910) Deer and the wolves (FW 1910) Raven and Skate (FW 1910) Kwatyat and Wolf (FW 1910) Kwatyat s mother moved, it is said (FW 1910) Kwatyat and the sunbeam girls (BF 1913) The story of how Kwatyat went out for a walk (FW 1910) Raven and his wife (FW 1913) Raven and Snipe (FW 1910) The Transformer (BF 1913) Red-Headed Woodpecker and the thunderbirds (FW 1913) The dog children (BF 1913) The man who brought back his wife from the dead (BF 1913) The jealous woman (BF 1913) The crow girl (WX 1913) ST Bone game at Nitinat repeats ST7.57 Gift visit to the Nitinats. ST A young man who married and got mad repeats ST1.22 Origin of the wolf ritual dance of the yellow cedar bark ogre. Text ST9.99 The rival whalers repeats Sapir /4/24 3

4 16. The girl who married the yai and the sky man (BF 1913) The youths who followed a bird (BF 1913) The brothers who revenged their sister (BF 1913) The marriage of Mink (SY 1914) A fight about hunting grounds between the chiefs of the lice and the wolves (SY 1914) The stealing of children by Pitch Woman and their rescue (DT 1914) Origin of the wolf ritual dance of the yellow cedar bark ogre (PQ 1915) [d] Part Ethnological narratives 23. The Tsayik, a doctoring ritual (HG 1910) A secret ritual for trolling (FW 1913) A secret ritual for spearing fish (FW 1913) A secret ritual for sea-lion hunting (FW 1913) Taboos for sea-mammal hunting (FW 1913) Trolling for spring salmon (CB 1914) Fishing for cod with baited kelp-line and sinker (CB 1914) A secret ritual for soma bait (CB 1914) How a father of twins caused a big salmon run (WX 1914) A girl obtains power from the fish (WX 1914) Hisawistath and Hitatsoath wolf ritual rights are handed over to Tom s father (SY 1914) Tom gets wealth from three supernatural beings (SY 1913) Tom has two uncanny experiences (SY 1913) Tom washes away his nephew s low birth (SY 1913) Tom gives his first wolf ritual (SY 1913) Tom marries (SY 1913) Tom gives various potlatches (SY 1914) Captain Bill s marriage (CB 1913) Frank Williams wolf ritual experience (FW 1913) A fight for a drift whale (CB 1913) Revenge on the sea lions and sea otters (WX 1913) Tom gives advice to his grandson (SY 1916) Part The primary structural elements of Nootka There are no texts in part 3. Part Outlines 45. The yearly round (SY 1924) Beliefs (SY 1922) /4/24 4

5 Part The Wolf Ritual 47. Tom s big wolf ritual (SY 1915) Huupachas see the Wolf Ritual (TB 1914) Dance teams (SY 1922) Part Marriage 50. Tyee Jack s marriage (QX 1914) Alex Thomas marriage (SY 1915) An unsuccessful marriage party (SY 1916) Notes on a marriage-payment visit (XT 1914) Far-Above dreams marriage songs (SY 1913) Part Divers feasts and speeches 55. Puberty potlatch for Dick Thlaamahuus daughter (LD 1922) Puberty potlatch for William Tutuutsh s daughter (SY 1921) Gift visit to the Nitinats (LD 1922) [d] Gift visit to the Ucluelets (SY 1921) A potlatch trip (SY 1921) Mourning potlatch for a child (SY 1922) Mourning potlatch for four children (SY 1922) Kwiistuh s big potlatch (SY 1916) Becomes-Ten gives a potlatch (SY 1916) Makes-Oily receives a Tukwaa chief (SY 1913) Far-Above s potlatch games (SY 1913) Speech of thanks (SY 1914) Speech for ceremonial aid (LZ 1921) A contest between orators (SY 1914) Invitation and welcome (XT 1914) Speeches in New Haven (XT 1933) Part Warfare 71. Uchucklesits exterminate Kiihin (SY 1913) War among Ahouset bands (SY 1916) Tsishaa defeat Ahousets (SY 1916) Ucluelets seize Namint (QX 1914) Ucluelets seize Effingham Inlet (QX 1914) Ucluelets fight Uchucklesits (QX 1914) The long war in Barkley Sound (QX 1914) Some youths go raiding (QX 1914) /4/24 5

6 79. Ahousets threaten Tsishaa (SY 1916) Part Legendary hunters 85. The adventures of Si:xna:ch (SY 1913) Na:we:ʔi:k relieves a famine (SY 1913) Na:we:ʔi:k as a whaler (SY 1916) ʔowimln i as a whaler (unknown author, date) Tl imqiso:l s whaling ritual (SY 1921) Kw atsitaqsol of the H o:choqtlisʔatẖ (SY 1916) Wa:kitiml, a Tlaʔo:kwiʔatẖ whaler (SY 1916) Tlan iqol becomes a whaler (unknown author, 1916) ʔ i:lchin ak (QX 1916) Sa:ya:ch apis as a whaler (SY 1913) Sachki:t, the K inaxomʔasʔatẖ chief (SY 1913) Ta:poshʔ inʔis (BF 1913) Cha:kwa:siqmik gets whaling power from the sharks (CB 1913) How the young chief of Yashitqo:ʔa became a whaler (WX 1913) The rival whalers (SY 1913) [d] T ay ats oqwas, Sinker s daughter (SY 1916) The whale sweetheart (SY 1916) Kwi:stox gets two drift whales (SY 1916) A drift-whaling contest (unknown author, date) A stolen whale (SY 1916) A lesson for a stingy man (SY 1916) The river of the Ts akwistisʔatẖ (SY 1913) Whaling songs of the Hitats oʔatẖ (SY 1913) Hi:ẖlo:qwap gets spring salmon (SY 1916) Ko:ẖw isaqmi:k ʔoẖʔish Hi:tsswatqmi:k, Hair Seal Hunter and Porpoise Hunter (FW 1913) ʔi:ch a:ʔapshi:l ʔish ʔ i:chqiqmi:k, Always-Lifts-up and Sorehead-Hunter (WX 1913) The first use of crabs as food (SY 1913) The youth who was left behind by the halibut fishermen (SY 1916) Part Tales of extraordinary experience 113. Shaman and ghosts (LD, unknown date) Bone game at Nitinat (LD 1922) [d] How a man mishandled beaver power (SY 1913) Sa:ya:ch apis meets a storm (SY 1916) Kanop the shaman (SY 1916) /4/24 6

7 118. Ch it oqwin ak becomes a shaman (SY 1916) The youth who followed a shag (SY 1913) A runaway slave comes to the chief of Wanin (SY 1913) Wealth from a shag (SY 1916) Tlatla:qokw ap sees the thunderbird and gets power from a sea egg (WX 1914) How the Nitinats got the thunderbird and lightning snake (CB 1913) A Hiko:lʔatẖ sees the thunderbird and the northern lights women (WX 1914) A M o:ẖo:lʔatẖ youth visits the thunderbird (TB 1914) Part Family origin histories 126. The Ch i:ni:ʔatẖ (TB 1914) Legendary history of the Ts isha:ʔatẖ (SY 1910) A Ho:pach asʔatẖ account of culture origins (TB 1914) The origin of the Ts isha:ʔatẖ and the story of Tlatla:qokw ap and Ta:poshʔinʔis (WX 1913) The origin of the Hoʔolʔatẖ (QX 1915) Qani:win as a shaman and the origin of the Nachimʔasʔatẖ (SY 1913) How the Hiko:lʔatẖ explored the head of Alberni Inlet (WX 1913) An origin legend of the Daʔo:wʔa:ʔtx (SY 1913) The origin of the Hisa:wist atẖ (SY 1913) Sa:ya:ch apis obtains Wealth-on-the-Rocks (SY 1913) Sa:ya:ch apis and ʔi:w aktlim: A Hisa:wist atẖ legend (SY 1913) The name Abalone-Hunter (SY 1916) How a potlatch mask was obtained (CH 1913) Explanation of Lo:tisim s face mask (LX 1913) Ho:ʔ i:ʔath subdivisions (LD 1922) Ho:ʔ i:ʔath houses (LD 1922) A young man who married and got mad (PQ 1915) [d] Two swan women make place names for the Ho:pach asʔatẖ country (TB 1914) Part The origin of the Wolf Ritual 144. Origin of the Wolf Ritual (first version) (SY 1910) Cheʔisʔatẖ version of tlo:kwa:na origin (LX 1913) Some of Sa:ya:ch apis s privileges in potlatches and winter dances (SY, unknown date) The Hitats oʔaqsop princess H aw ilmaʔotl who eloped with a wolf chief (SY 1916) /4/24 7