IR/PO 374: International Security

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1 1 IR/PO 374: International Security Fall 2016 Thomas U. Berger Time: MWF STH B220 (School of Theology Commonwealth Avenue) Office: 156 Bay State Rd., RM 303 Phone: tuberger@bu.edu Office Hours: Weds/Thurs 2:00-3:30 and by appointment The purpose of this course is to introduce undergraduate students to some of the central issues and concepts in the study of international security, with the main emphasis on military security and the use of force. Among the topics that will be covered are the different theories regarding the systemic and state level causes of war, the impact of cognitive patterns on security policy decision making, nuclear deterrence and the challenges of nuclear proliferation, ethnic conflict, counterinsurgency, state building and humanitarian intervention, terrorism as well as the expanding definition of security. Required Texts: The following books will be available at Barnes & Noble at Boston University: John Baylis et.al., eds. Strategy in the Contemporary World 5th edition, (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2016) Alan Collins, et.al., eds Contemporary Security Studies 4 th edition (Oxford and New York,: Oxford University Press, 2016) Charles Sagan and Kenneth Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons, 3 rd edition, (W.W. Norton, 2013). All journal articles are available electronically through the Boston University library system < All book chapters will be placed on reserved and will be available in the reserve reading room at Mugar Library.

2 2 Requirements There will be two short, in-class exams based on the required readings split evenly between identification of key terms and short answer. Students will also write a page term paper. I will send out a set of guidelines for writing term papers later in the semester. The term paper is due on the last day of class December 12. Finally students will participate in a team exercise in which 3-4 students identify a topic that is of interest to them and role play presenting a policy memorandum on how to deal with it. Midterm Exam 20% (October 17) Final Exam 20% (date to be arranged by the registrars) Team Exercise 20% (Teams to be formed by Research Paper 40% (Topic memo due November 14, Paper due the last day of class, December 12) Students should to make an appointment during the first half of the course to discuss possible term paper topics. A brief written summary of the progress made on the term paper, with tentative bibliography, is to be ed to me by November 14 th. I am willing to look over drafts of the term paper up to one week before they are due and offer general comments. Students are expected to participate in class discussion. In order to do so effectively, they will need to do the readings in advance of class. Active and informed participation in class discussion will be rewarded with a bonus to the final grade. Unconstructive interventions in class discussion, or other behavior not appropriate to the class room environment, will be penalized. Students are expected to attend class and attendance will be taken. Students will be allowed up to two unexplained absences. Beyond that, a penalty will be imposed for each additional day missed. Students are required to adhere to the academic code of conduct. Cheating, plagiarism, handing in the same work to more than one class, destroying or interfering with the work of other students, and so forth will not be tolerated. Please refer to the on-line code for further guidance, available at If you have doubts or questions regarding such issues as how to footnote your sources, please consult with me.

3 3 Course Outline I. Course Introduction Concepts of Security September 7 and 9 Colins, Security Studies introduction (10 pages) Baylis, et.al., Strategy introduction and (16 pages) II. The Problem of Civil Military Relations September 12, 14 and 16 Cluasewtiz, On War chapter 1, available at Peter Feaver, The Civil-Military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control of the Military, Armed Forces and Society 23:2 (Winter 1996) Janine Davidson, Civil-Military Relations and Presidential Decisionmaking; Explaining the Broken Dialog, Presidential Studies Quarterly 43:2 (March 2013), pp , available at Thomas Owen MacKubin, US Civil-Military relations after 9/11: renegotiating the Civil-Military bargain, FIPRI January 2011, available at III. Causes of War - Systemic Approaches I Realism and Liberalism September 19, 21 and 23 Colins, Security Studies chapter 2, 3 (52 pages) Baylis, Strategy, Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 6 (49 pages) Re Realism: Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, especially the Melian dialogue. Stephen Brooks and William Wohlforth, World out of Balance: International Relations and the Challenge of American Primacy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008) E.H. Carr, The Twenty Years Crisis (St. Martin s Press, 1946), chapters 3-6. Dale Copeland, The Origins of Major War (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press) Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), chapter 1.

4 4 John Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York: W.W. Norton, 2001) chapters 1 and 2. Hans Morgenthau, Politics among Nations (New York: Knopf, 1954) Barry Posen, The Origins of Military Doctrine (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986) Randall Schweller, Deadly Imbalances (Columbia University Press, 1998) Glen Snyder, Alliance Politics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997) Jack Snyder and Thomas Christensen, Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity, International Security 44:2 (Spring 1990). Steve Van Evera, The Causes of War (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001) Kenneth N. Waltz, Man, the State and War (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959). Kenneth N. Waltz, The Theory of International Politics (New York: McGraw Hill, 1979) Steve Walt, The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, Fareed Zakaria, From wealth to Power: the Unusual Origins of America s World Role (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998) Re Liberalism: Immaneul Kant, Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch Michael Brown, Sean Lynn-Jones, and Steven Miller, eds., Debating the Democratic Peace (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996) Michael Doyle, The Ways of War and Peace (W.W. Norton, 1997) especially pp John Ikenberry, After Victory (Princeton University Press, 2000), chapters 5 and 6 Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, Power and Interdependence (Boston: Little Brown, 1977) Robert Keohane, After Hegemony (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984) Joespeh Nye, Soft Power (New York: Public Affairs, 2002) John M. Owen, Liberal Peace, Liberal War (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000) Kenneth Oye, Cooperation under Anarchy (Princeton University Press, 1986) Richard Rosecrance, The Rise of the Trading State: Conquest and Commerce in the Modern Age (New York: basic Books, 1986) IV. Causes of War Constructivism and Peace Studies September 26, 28 and 30 Colins, Security Studies chapters 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 Baylis, Strategy chapter 5 (17 pages) Thomas Berger, Cultures of Antimilitarism: German and Japanese National Security Policy (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998) Michael Desch, Culture Clash: Assessing the Importance of Ideas in Security Studies, International Security 23 (Summer 1998)

5 5 Peter Katzenstein, ed., The Culture of National Security (Columbia University Press, 1996) especially chapters by Richard Price and Nina Tannenwald John Owen, The Clash of Ideas in World Politics: Transnational Networks, States and Regime Change, (Princeotn: Princeotn University Press, 2010) Daniel Philpott, Revolutions in Sovereignty: How Ideas shaped Modern International Relations (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001) Jack Snyder, Myths of Empire (Cornell University Press, 1993) Alexander Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics (Cambidge Unviersity Press, 1999) V. Causes of War The Individual Level Cognition and Misperception October 3 and 5 Yuen Foong Khong, Analogies at War (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), chapters 2 and 7 (62 pages) (will be placed on reserve at Mugar) David Patrick Houghton, Invading and Occupying Iraq: some Insights from Political Psychology, Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 14:2 (2008), pp (23 pages) Graham Allison, The Essence of Decision Robert Jervis, Perception and Misperception in World Politics (Princeton University Press, 1976) chapter 1. Irving Janis, Groupthink (Houghton Mifflin, 1982), chapter 1. Jack Levy, Loss Aversion, Framing and Bargaining: the Implications of Prospect Theory for International Conflict. International Political Science Review, 17:2 (1992) Richard New Lebow, Between Peace and War: The Nature of International Crisis (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981) John Mercer, Reputation and International Politics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996), especially chapters 2 and 6. October 7 Guest lecture by Professor Kaija Schilde VI. Nuclear Deterrence and Disarmament October 11, 12 and 14 (Note there is no class on Monday the 10 th, instead class ins on Tuesday the 11 th what is known at BU as a substitute Monday ) Collins, Security Studies chapter 20 (16) Baylis, Strategy chapters 11 and 12 (35)

6 6 Thomas Schelling, Arms and Influence (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), preface and chapters 1-3. Coit Blacker, International Arms Control (Stanford University Press, 1984), pp Francis J. Gavin, Same As It Ever Was: Nuclear Alarmism, Proliferation, and the Cold War, International Security Winter 2010, Vol. 34, No. 3: 7 37 Francis J. Gavin, Blasts from the Past: Proliferation Lessons form the 1960s, International Security 29:3 (2004/05), pp Charles Glaser, Why Do Strategists Disagree about the Requirements of Strategic Nuclear Deterrence? in Lynn Eden and Steven Miller, eds., Nuclear Arguments (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989), pp Colin S. Grey, The Second Nuclear Age (Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner, 1999) October 17 In Class Midterm VII. Debating Non-proliferation October 19 and 21 Read Waltz and Sagan, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons entire book October 24 Memo on Term Paper topic due will count as part of your Term paper grade specify what you want to look at, what you want to ask, what possible answers to your research question might be and include a tentative bibliography 2-3 pages VIII. Terrorism October 24, 26 and 28 Collins, Security Studies chapter 21 (16) Baylis, Strategy, chapters 10 (42) Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism (New York; Columbia University Press, 1998). Philip Hyman, Dealing with Terrorism: An Overview, International Security 26:3 (Winter 2001/02), pp Michael Howard, What s in a Name? How to Fight Terrorism, Foreign Affairs (January/February 2002), pp Barry Posen, The Struggle Against Terrorism: Grand Strategy, Strategy and Tactics, International Security 26:3 (Winter 2001/2002), pp Jessica Stern, Terror in the Name of God (New York, Harper: 2004)

7 7 IX. Underdevelopment, Ethnic Conflict, State Building and Humanitarian Intervention - October 31, November 2 and 4 Collins, Security Studies chapters 14, 15, 18 and 22 Baylis, Strategy, chapter 15 Steven van Evera, Hypotheses on Nationalism and War, International Security 18:4 (Spring 1994), pp Andrew Kidd and Barbara Walter, The Politics of Extremist Violence, International Organization 56:2 (Spring 2002). Sam Thomas R. Mockaitis, The New Terrorism: Myths and Reality, (Palo Alto: Stanford Security Studies, 2008) Samantha Powers, A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide (New York; Basic Books, 2003) Barbara Walter and Jack Snyder, eds., Civil Wars, Insecurity and Intervention (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), chapters 1, 2. Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations? Foreign Affairs, (Summer) Ivan Arreguin Toft, How the weak win Wars: A Theory of Asymmetric Conflict (Cambridge Unviversity press, 2005) By November 4 will need to form teams for team exercises X. Widening the Definition of Security Human Security, Gender, Environmental and Globalized Security November 7, 9 and 11 Collins, Security Studies chapters 11, 12, 16, 25, 26 XI. Problems in Intelligence November 14, 16 and 18 Baylis, Strategy chapter 8, 16 Arthur Hulnik, "What's Wrong with the Intelligence Cycle" Intelligence and National Security December 2006, Vol. 21 #6 Collins, Security Studies chapter 27

8 8 XII. The Use of Force Coercive Diplomacy and the Revolution in Military Affairs November 21, 28, 30 and December 2 Thanksgiving Break from November 23 Collins, Security Studies chapter 19 Baylis, Strategy chapters 7, 13 and 14 Barry M. Blechman and Stephen S. Kaplan, Force without War and Diplomacy of Power (Washington DC The Brookings Institution, 1978) Jack Snyder, The Ideology of the Offensive (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1984) XIII. In Class Presentations December 5, 7 and 9 We will have in class presentations each should last about half an hour, including 15 minutes of Q &A XIII. Course Conclusions December 12 Collins, Security Studies Chapter 28 Baylis, Strategy Chapters Term Paper December 12

The Origins of Modern Wars GOV-1732

Syllabus Spring 2010 Harvard University The Origins of Modern Wars GOV-1732 Class Time: Monday and Wednesday, 1-2 PM The first day of class is Monday, January 25, 2010 Professor Stephen M. Walt Office: