Hall, S.S. (2003). Merchants of Immortality: Chasing the Dream of Human Life Extension. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

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1 Format Guidelines Technology and Culture Biotechnology and the Secret of Life LBS 332 The citation style explained in this handout follows the specification of the APA style. You must follow it for the research paper. For more information on formatting bibliographic entries and documenting sources in the APA style, see chapter 7 of The Random House Handbook if you have a copy. There are also numerous websites on using APA style. Bibliography format A book by a single author: Crichton, M. (2006). Next. New York: Harper Collins. Hall, S.S. (2003). Merchants of Immortality: Chasing the Dream of Human Life Extension. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Charles, D. (2001). Lords of the Harvest: Biotech, Big Money, and the Future of Food. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing. A book by more than one author: Kass, L.R. & Wilson, J.Q. (1998). The Ethics of Human Cloning. Washington, DC: The AEI Press. Articles appearing in books: Benson, K.R. (1988). From Museum Research to Laboratory Research: the Transformation of Natural History into Academic Biology. In R. Rainger, K. Benson, & J. Maienschein (Eds.), The American Development of Biology (pp ). Ithaca: Rutgers University Press. Articles appearing in a journal with continuous pagination: Waller, J. (2001). Sir Francis Galton, the Gentlemanly Specialist, and the Professionalization of the British Life Sciences. Journal of the History of Biology, 34, Articles appearing in a magazine with seperate pagination for each issue: Wallis, C. (2005, August 15). The Evolution Wars. Time, pp

2 Works by the an author published in the same year: Distinguish works published in the same year by the same author by placing a lower-case letter after the date, starting with a. Watson, J.D. & Crick, F.H.C. 1953a. Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Nature, 171, Watson, J.D. & Crick, F.H.C. 1953b. Genetical Implications of the Structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Nature, 171, Anonymous authors: Cite works without an identified author as Anonymous, unless you can supply the author s name, which should be placed in brackets. Examples: Anonymous. (1862). Review of Fertilization of Orchids by Charles Darwin. The Parthenon, 1, [Hooker, J.] (1862). Review of Fertilization of Orchids by Charles Darwin. Natural History Review, 2, Movies Provide the name of the director, the year, the title and the production company. Glover, D., director. (2003). DNA: Pandora s Box. A Windfall Films Production for Thirteen/WNET New York in association with Channel Four. Niccol, A., director. (1997). Gattaca. Columbia Pictures. Material from the internet Provide the author and title of the website, the year of its latest revision (or the current year if that information is unavailable) the URL and the date you retrieved the information. The author could be an individual, but it s more likely to be a corporate author. (If you can t identify an author for a source, you probably shouldn t use it). For example: Abernethy, B. (2000). Bob Abernethy s interview with Dr. Francis Collins, director of the Human Genome Project at the National Institutes of Health. In Religion & Ethics Newsweekly. Retrieved December 22, 2006, from: The President s Council on Bioethics. (2003). Frequently Asked Questions about Human Cloning and the Council's Report: Human Cloning and Human Dignity: An Ethical Inquiry. Retrieved February 14, 2006 from:

3 National Institutes of Health. (2006). Stem Cell Basics. In Stem Cell Information. Retrieved December 22, 2006 from: Parenthetical References Provide parenthetical references in your text where appropriate. Obviously, you must cite all direct quotations. But you also must acknowledge information and opinions you only paraphrase, and the source of ideas or interpretations that are not your own. Any work noted in a reference must also appear in the bibliography. The rules for citation of books and articles are straightforward: (President s Council 2003). (Watson & Crick 1953a, 737). (Crichton 2006, ). In the case of a long and unwieldy corporate author, you can provide an abbreviation in the parenthetical reference as long as you note the abbreviation in brackets in the bibliography. For example: Oregon State University Library [OSU]. (2006). Narrative of the race for the double helix. In Linus Pauling and the Race for DNA: A Documentary History. Retrieved December 22, 2006 from: ndex.html (OSU 2006). Format A separate title page should include the following information: the paper s title; your name; the course number; the assignment; the date. Each page should numbered. Double-space and use a 12-point font. Set left and right margins at 1.25, and top and bottom at 1. The typical page should contain approximately 275 words.

4 Sample title page: If We Don t Play God, Who Will? The Historical Origins James Watson's Crusade Against "Genetic Injustice" Jane Q. Spartan LBS 332 Research Paper April 8th

5 Sample text page: 4 Watson argues strongly against the notion that humans have no right to interfere with nature. He grounds his opinion on an understanding of the evolutionary process. "The nature out there isn't the product of great design," he insists. "No one's written a book. It's just evolution happening and this evolution depends on random changes in the genetic messages which make some organism better able to survive than others not that able" (Glover 2003). This deliberately echoes the definition of evolution by natural selection first elaborated publicly by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the nineteenth century (Paul 1995, 6, 27-8). Watson's evolutionary moral vision thoroughly rejects any concept of teleology or theology. He has a "straightforward answer" to those who accuse geneticists of playing god: "if we don't play god, who will?" (Glover 2003). Not all scientists share Watson's atheism, of course. Francis Collins, who succeeded Watson as director of the Human Genome Project, openly expresses his religious faith, which he sees as entirely compatible with his scientific work (Watson 2003, 184; Collins 2006). The apparent con-

6 Sample bibliography page: 15 Bibliography Collins, F. (2006). The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief. New York: Free Press. Glover, D., director. (2003). DNA: Pandora s Box. A Windfall Films Production for Thirteen/WNET New York in association with Channel Four. McElheny, V.K. (2003). Watson and DNA: Making a Scientific Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing. Niccol, A., director. (1997). Gattaca. Columbia Pictures. Paul, D.B. (1995). Controlling Human Heredity: 1865 to the Present. Amherst, NY: Humanity Books. The President's Council on Bioethics. (2003). Beyond Therapy: Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Happiness. Retrieved December 21, 2006 from: Ridley, M. (2006). Francis Crick: Discoverer of the Genetic Code. New York: Atlas Books. Watson, J.D. (1995). Values from a Chicago Upbringing. In D.A. Chambers (Ed.), The Double Helix: Perspective and Prospective at Forty Years (p. 197). New York: New York Academy of Science. Watson, J.D. (2001). Genes, Girls and Gamow. New York: Vintage Books. Watson, J.D. with Berry, A. (2003). DNA: The Secret of Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. {Note: This is just an example of bibliographic format; a research paper should ideally have more sources than this}