Contents. Acknowledgments... xiii. Introduction...

Transcription

1 Contents Acknowledgments... xiii Introduction... xv Chapter 1. Fixed Man, Enhanced Man, Transformed Man The Anthropocene A new man in the face of progress Actroid (clones) Android Bionic Cyborg Enhanced man Hybrid man Hybris or hubris Fundamental technologies Gerontechnology The robolution Anthropotechnics Nanorobotics or fog utility technology Diagnostic technology Genetics Debates on technologies and men Transhumanism Replacement anthropotechnics Algeny World, mondialisation and health A tool for measuring speed... 12

2 vi Health Industrialization A better world A world outside humans Mondialisation, globalization and mondialité The notion of mondialité Globalization, internationalization, localization Some additional definitions Types of mondialisation Technosciences Evidence-based medicine The shortage system Life Meccano Chapter 2. The Necessary Industrialization of Medicine Medical innovation as a factor of industrialization Process innovation and product innovation The patient s role Personalized medicine Towards a new world The notion of apparatus Agamben s apparatus Foucault s apparatus Hyppolite s apparatus The notion of medical apparatus The meaning of apparatus Legal meaning of apparatus Technological meaning of apparatus Military meaning of apparatus Economic meaning of apparatus The religious apparatus The disciplinary apparatus The plus man The plus man, a product of cybernetics The production of quality of life Incorporation: tools turning the tables on men The prosthetic or orthotic man Science, technology, art and industrialization A current kind of medicine stemming from technology Science and technology in the face of the industrialization of health... 40

3 Contents vii Chapter 3. Industrialization: its Obstacles and its Rules The opposition of the actors in the health industry as an obstacle The double level of opposition The notion of opposition The role of implementers A comparison with other economic sectors Managing the complexity of health Adjusting to patients (the clients) Increasing effectiveness and reducing losses Creating a team for auditing and controlling healthcare production Reducing the number of medical mistakes The use of IT The transparency of medical services and their prices The complex adaptable system of health Chapter 4. Acceptability and Diffusion The criteria of the analysis The interventionist approach of health policies The usage-based approach in the health field From usage to knowledge The special features of health-related IT From health knowledge to industrialized science The sources of medical innovation The traditional approach: diffusion of innovation (DOI) Relative advantage Compatibility Complexity Triability Observability The models of adoption of medical technologies The TRA (Theory of Reasoned Action) model The TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior) model The TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) model The unifying UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) model Some definitions The significance of the concept of habitus... 65

4 viii Health Industrialization The notion of appropriation in the health field The notions of interaction and link in the health field Material interactions versus interpretational interactions Reputational interactions Chapter 5. The Dynamics of Diffusion The basis for the dynamics of industrialization An approach both qualitative and quantitative Safety in the health industry Health as a complex system The advent of new concepts Anticipated uses Bandwagon adoption Attempting to reduce complexity A three-dimensional model to conceive products Real time versus asynchrony The assessment of good use in the medical field More than a blend of engineering science and traditional medicine Chapter 6. Digital Identity and Health Digital identity Identity A manifesto for the advent of the new man Likeness as a source of community Nomadism, territory and health Community, network and network externality Electronic community and mobile-phone reality The importance of access Civil status and personal status The identity crisis of the information-centric society What role does identity play in the health industry? Dependence Internet identity, class, community and tribe Cards as new kinds of identities Developments in relation to the awareness of a sick person ID versus healthcare cards The French Carte Vitale... 92

5 Contents ix The healthcare staff card The genetic revolution as an ID carrier Ease of implementation Additional data in the health industry DNA, a source of identity Chapter 7. Access to Information, Access to Health The access revolution More resources, more trading The impact of networks: disappearance or concentration of actors? What society? The two faces of networks in our society Towards mutual tolerance A theory of access equality A modified autonomy level The great ICT and health revolution Health and the Internet for everybody Which political developments should be implemented in the health industry? Assessment tools Population access Relative risk POSSUM Conclusion Chapter 8. Mondialisation, the Maker of Biopower Mondialisation versus globalization (definition) Two kinds of conscience Alienation Alienation according to Marxists What role does alienation play? François Perroux s critique The recent rejection of alienation-improvement duality in the health industry Are there temporal paradoxes? Marc Augé s three temporal paradoxes Time versus space Biopower, diaspora, power and territories, and disappearing borders

6 x Health Industrialization Chapter 9. Belief, Myth and Biopower The problem of belief The current role played by beliefs in the health industry Biopower The secret power of mediation What is biopower? Critique of the notion of biopower Biopower and psyche Biopower according to Foucault The denunciation dogma of moralism Equality and tyrannical kinds of power Biopower and institutions Biopower and imagination Belief and mutation Aging well, treated well Conception or has man become yet another object? Toward the immortality of the new man The technological progress of networks makes immortality possible Marc Augé s four observations about identity Identity, individual and culture The new santacteur model The purchase of life or perpetual rebirth The purchase of citizenship Chapter 10. Trust The source of trust Failures versus mistakes Screening versus medical diagnosis Looking for effectiveness Errors in judgment The stages of competence The significance of relations and links A resilient approach Why resilience? The HACCP approach as a solution The creative man Man, between user and producer? The individual as an actor A sense of body The theory of affordance

7 Contents xi The dynamic approach (GEMS) A description of the GEMS approach Chapter 11. The Social Reality Singularist and transhumanist theories DNA microarrays and their use The economic reality Enquiring patients The economic logic The role of telemedicine The new industrialized health The four Ps approach Prevention or pre-emption Personalized medicine Debating the model The engineer s approach The range of possibilities of the SNITEM model The doctor s approach: ANTEL replies The market approach Medical tourism Chapter 12. The Technologies that Could Change Everything Biotechnology Transplants, cells and cell therapy The applications of biometry Energy and material technologies Energy Materials Artificial zeolites Graphene Synthetic biology A new creative dimension: 3D printing The nano world Nanosystems Nanoproducts Information technology Modeling life New digital tools Computing power Future man machine interfaces Immersive augmented reality

8 xii Health Industrialization Seeing beyond the visible Sensing emotions and neurosciences Online data and big data Volumes produced The predominance of the digital system The limitations of the digital system Volume, variety, velocity, value, veracity and infobesity Solutions to infobesity From documents to contents Effective use Professions New software frameworks The patient s data Opt-in, anonymity and limitations Unfeasible exhaustiveness Robots and robotics Robotics Selection technologies Selection Screening tests, companion diagnostics Health and technological flops The multitude of examples The problem of diffusion Some theoretical notions to get over flops in the health industry Conclusion Bibliography Index