PSC/IR 106: Nuclear Weapons. William Spaniel williamspaniel.com/classes/pscir
|
|
- Frank Sutton
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PSC/IR 106: Nuclear Weapons William Spaniel williamspaniel.com/classes/pscir
2 Outline The Nuclear Club Mutually Assured Destruction Obsolescence Of Major War Nuclear Pessimism Leveraging Nuclear Strength Mixed Strategies The Iraq War
3 Outline The Nuclear Club Mutually Assured Destruction Obsolescence Of Major War Nuclear Pessimism Leveraging Nuclear Strength Mixed Strategies The Iraq War
4 United States (1945) Manhattan Project Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings Would have been a lot worse if the Nazi scientists beat us to it Nazi brain drain
5
6 Soviet Union (1949) Manhattan Project spies US knew the Soviets were developing a bomb but chose not to launch preventive war Immediately after WWII No intelligence Cold War starts in earnest
7 United Kingdom (1952) Tube Alloys Agreement with the United States
8 France (1960) France and the United States do not have as intimate a relationship as the U.S. and the U.K. France sought strategic independence Therefore, nukes
9 Sino-Soviet split China (1964)
10 India (1974) India does not like Pakistan very much Tested the Smiling Buddha, a peaceful nuclear explosion, in 1974 Remained mostly dormant until (Hold that thought.)
11 Israel (1979) Israel does not have nuclear weapons.
12 South Africa (1979) The Vela Incident A US satellite (Vela Hotel) detected a flash in the Atlantic Ocean between South Africa and Antarctica Built due to concerns of civil war spillover from Angola Dismantled at the end of Apartheid
13 Soviet Successor States Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Belarus had nuclear weapons on their soil during the Soviet Union s breakup Moscow still had command control Countries accepted cash to dismantle the weapons and forgo native nuclear development
14 Pakistan (1998) Five weeks after India s nuclear tests in 1998, Pakistan tested six bombs Pakistan is now too nuclear to fail A.Q. Khan network
15
16 North Korea (2006) Conducted a (relatively crummy) explosion in 2006, 2009, and 2013
17
18
19 North Korea (2006) Conducted a (relatively crummy) explosion in 2006, 2009, and 2013 But a crummy bomb on Seoul At one point agreed to trade us their bombs for a billion pounds of food (seriously)
20 ? Iran (2015)
21 Questions Macro How do nuclear weapons affect the world system? Do nuclear weapons promote peace? Would the Cold War been a hot war without nuclear weapons? Micro Why do states choose to proliferate? What can we do to stop it? How do we best handle North Korea and Iran today?
22 Outline The Nuclear Club Mutually Assured Destruction Obsolescence Of Major War Nuclear Pessimism Leveraging Nuclear Strength Mixed Strategies The Iraq War
23 Mutually Assured Destruction States live in a world of mutually assured destruction if: 1. Both states are self-preserving 2. Both states have large stockpiles of nuclear weapons 3. Each state has a secure second strike; no state achieve a splendid first strike
24 The Strategic Triad The United States had three methods of nuclear retaliation Strategic bombers Intercontinental ballistic missiles Submarine-launched ballistic missiles
25 Everyone, Calm Down Under these conditions, no side would want to start a large-scale war If I start a war, I face enormous nuclear retaliation Worse than a disadvantageous peace If my opponent starts a war, he faces enormous nuclear retaliation Worse than a disadvantageous peace
26 Bargaining Model of War Larger costs: easier to reach bargained settlement
27 Bargaining Range p USA c USA p USA p USA + c USSR
28 Bargaining Range p USA c USA p USA p USA + c USSR
29 Policy Implication Promoting nonproliferation may be a waste of time If we really just want to stabilize the world and minimize the number of wars, spreading nuclear weapons might be the way to do it
30 Outline The Nuclear Club Mutually Assured Destruction Obsolescence Of Major War Nuclear Pessimism Leveraging Nuclear Strength Mixed Strategies The Iraq War
31 Alternate Hypothesis War between major powers is obsolete Two major powers cannot fight wars with one another because the costs will outweigh whatever possible benefit there is
32 Alternate Hypothesis Nuclear weapons do not change this Mueller: A jump from a fiftieth-floor window is probably quite a bit more horrible to think about than a jump from a fifth-floor one, but anyone who finds life even minimally satisfying is extremely unlikely to do either.
33 Most Deadly Wars 1. World War II: 16.6 million dead 2. World War I: 8.5 million dead 3. Iran-Iraq: 1.3 million dead 4. Vietnam: 1 million dead
34 Bargaining Range Before Modern Era p USA c USA p USA p USA + c USSR
35 Bargaining Range p USA c USA p USA p USA + c USSR
36 Bargaining Range with Nukes p USA c USA p USA p USA + c USSR
37 Policy Prescription Suppose mutually assured destruction is not necessary to maintain peace Should we have nukes? Accidents? Costs?
38 Outline The Nuclear Club Mutually Assured Destruction Obsolescence Of Major War Nuclear Pessimism Leveraging Nuclear Strength Mixed Strategies The Iraq War
39 If nuclear weapons aren t very useful, should we have them?
40 Nuclear Downsides 1. Costs of nuclear weapons 2. Accidental nuclear warfare 3. Rogue nuclear weapons
41 Costs of a Nuclear Program Nukes are not cheap Costs of development Costs of delivery Costs of maintenance Total cost of US program ( ): $7 trillion (2012 dollars) Still spend around $16 billion per year
42 Risky Business Unlike conventional weapons, it is easy to accidentally destroy the world with nuclear weapons Dr. Strangelove and fluoride Stanislav Petrov and the 1983 Soviet false alarm
43
44 Missing Weapons? During the height of the Cold War, 68,000 nuclear weapons were active in the world Now down to 4,100 Less concern about having massive retaliation capability More concern about losing a weapon
45 Nuclear Realities No one in Washington is seriously interested in dismantling all American warheads The talk about doing so is just that talk
46 Outline The Nuclear Club Mutually Assured Destruction Obsolescence Of Major War Nuclear Pessimism Leveraging Nuclear Strength Mixed Strategies The Iraq War
47 Do nuclear weapons provide coercive benefits?
48 Well, Duh Nuclear weapons provide power Bargaining model of war: more power yields more concessions Thus, nuclear weapons provide benefits
49 Credibility? But can states credibly threaten to nuke another state? Can North Korea say Give us this island, or we ll nuke Seoul? Of course! But no one will believe them
50 Credibility? Unlike conventional weapons, nuclear weapons have a discontinuous jump in destructive power Is it possible to use their nuclear leverage to extract concessions outside of total war?
51 Statistical Findings Winning with the Bomb (Beardsley and Asal 2009) States with nuclear weapons are more likely to prevail in interstate crises Crises involving nuclear weapons states are shorter than those without
52 Why? Nuclear threats may not compel opponents to give up territory, but they can deter invasion Nuclear weapons as an insurance policy Shifts the bargaining range
53 Game Before: p was probability of victory But really: p is the average distribution of the good after war
54 B victory 1/2 Stalemate 1/3 A victory 1/6 0 1/2 1
55 B victory 1/2 Stalemate 1/3 A victory 1/6 0 1/2 1 A s Expected Share (1/2)(0) + (1/3)(1/2) + (1/6)(1) = 1/3
56 With nukes: if B wins, A might nuke. B settles for a smaller stake. Stalemate 1/2 + 1/3 A victory 1/6 1/2 1
57 With nukes: if B wins, A might nuke. B settles for a smaller stake. Stalemate 1/2 + 1/3 A victory 1/6 1/2 1 A s Expected Share (5/6)(1/2) + (1/6)(1) = 7/12
58 What Do Nukes Do? Nuclear weapons limit the amount an opponent can capture Credible to defend homeland with nukes but not outlying regions Increases A s expected share from war Reduces cost of war for both sides
59 Bargaining Model of War Smaller costs = more fighting!
60 Stability-Instability Paradox Stability: States with nuclear weapons do not engage in high-stakes war Instability: States with nuclear weapons start low-stakes conflicts more frequently
61 Outline The Nuclear Club Mutually Assured Destruction Obsolescence Of Major War Stability/Instability Paradox Nuclear Pessimism Leveraging Nuclear Strength Mixed Strategies The Iraq War
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77 Simple Soccer Penalty Kicks The striker aims left or aims right The goalie dives left or dives right Assume the striker and goalie are superhuman. How should they play?
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89 Guessing Games! Penalty kicks are a guessing game Makes players act randomly (but intelligently) Is preventive war also?
90 Outline The Nuclear Club Mutually Assured Destruction Obsolescence Of Major War Stability/Instability Paradox Nuclear Pessimism Leveraging Nuclear Strength Mixed Strategies The Iraq War
91
92 Status Quo
93 War Payoffs Status Quo
94 War Payoffs & Wasted Costs War Payoffs Status Quo
95 War Payoffs & Wasted Costs Successful Power Shift War Payoffs Status Quo
96
97 War Payoffs & Wasted Costs Successful Power Shift War Payoffs Status Quo
98 War Payoffs & Wasted Costs Successful Power Shift War Payoffs Status Quo
99 War Payoffs & Wasted Costs Successful Power Shift War Payoffs Status Quo
100 War Payoffs & Wasted Costs Successful Power Shift War Payoffs Status Quo
101 War Payoffs & Wasted Costs Successful Power Shift War Payoffs Status Quo
102 War Payoffs & Wasted Costs Successful Power Shift War Payoffs Status Quo
103 War Payoffs & Wasted Costs Successful Power Shift War Payoffs Status Quo
104 War Payoffs & Wasted Costs Successful Power Shift War Payoffs Status Quo
105 War Payoffs & Wasted Costs Successful Power Shift War Payoffs Status Quo
106 War Payoffs
107 Mistaken Preventive War
108 What Are You Buying? Do you accept that the U.S. should have invaded Iraq if Iraq had a WMD program? Do you accept that the U.S. could not adequately monitor Iraqi activity?
109 What Are You Buying? Do you accept that the U.S. should have invaded Iraq if Iraq had a WMD program? Do you accept that the U.S. could not adequately monitor Iraqi activity? If yes, you accept that mistaken preventive war is rational It just looks silly after the fact!
110 What Are You Buying? Do you accept that the U.S. should have invaded Iraq if Iraq had a WMD program? Do you accept that the U.S. could not adequately monitor Iraqi activity? If yes, you accept that mistaken preventive war is rational It just looks silly after the fact!
Nuclear Weapons. Dr. Steinar Høibråten Chief Scientist. Norwegian Defence Research Establishment. NKS NordThreat Asker, 31 Oct.
Nuclear Weapons Dr. Steinar Høibråten Chief Scientist NKS NordThreat Asker, 31 Oct. 2008 Norwegian Defence Research Establishment Hiroshima 1945 Nuclear weapons What are nuclear weapons? How are they relevant
More informationBellwork 5/2/16. Using the second half of page 763 in Barzun, answer the question below in at least five sentences:
Bellwork 5/2/16 Using the second half of page 763 in Barzun, answer the question below in at least five sentences: Why did small countries become so important to the Western powers following World War
More informationCh 26-2 Atomic Anxiety
Ch 26-2 Atomic Anxiety The Main Idea The growing power of, and military reliance on, nuclear weapons helped create significant anxiety in the American public in the 1950s. Content Statements 23. Use of
More informationENDING THE NUCLEAR WEAPONS ERA
By David Krieger ENDING THE NUCLEAR WEAPONS ERA A world free of nuclear weapons is not only desirable, it is essential. Nuclear weapons are the most deadly of all mass killing devices. They put at risk
More informationThe Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) reports that there were more than 15,000 nuclear warheads on Earth as of 2016.
The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) reports that there were more than 15,000 nuclear warheads on Earth as of 2016. The longer these weapons continue to exist, the greater the likelihood
More informationPolitical Science 101: Global Nuclear Politics
Course Description: Political Science 101: Global Nuclear Politics Instructor: Sidra Hamidi (sidrahamidi2017@u.northwestern.edu) Tuesday/Thursday: 9:30-10:50am University Library Room 4722 Office Hours:
More informationhumanitarian impact & risks
humanitarian impact & risks ICAN CAMPAIGNERS MEETING/GENEVA Humanitarian consequences and risks of nuclear weapons The growing risk that nuclear weapons will be used either deliberately or through some
More informationActivity F: The bomb factor
Activity F: The bomb factor Teacher s Briefing Activity F: The bomb factor game Further notes Plenary activity Curriculum links Materials for Students Cards for nuclear weapons (two levels) Cards against
More informationINTRODUCTION. Costeas-Geitonas School Model United Nations Committee: Disarmament and International Security Committee
Committee: Disarmament and International Security Committee Issue: Prevention of an arms race in outer space Student Officer: Georgios Banos Position: Chair INTRODUCTION Space has intrigued humanity from
More informationScottish CND - Education Pack
Scottish CND - Education Pack Teacher s notes: Nuclear Explosions This unit aims to increase pupils knowledge of why nuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction. Content: Video Booklet The nuclear
More informationPLS 302 Syllabus. Dr. Aspin (aspin at bradley.edu) World Security 488 Bradley ( )
Page 1 of 7 PLS 302 Syllabus PLS 302 Dr. Aspin (aspin at bradley.edu) World Security 488 Bradley (677-2496) Fall 2012 Hours: MWF 10-11; TT 9-12 COURSE DESCRIPTION This course explores the nature and problems
More informationi can imagine a world without NUCLEAR WEAPONS A guide to eliminating the worst weapons of terror
i can imagine a world without NUCLEAR WEAPONS A guide to eliminating the worst weapons of terror WARNING! Several thousand nuclear weapons are kept on hairtrigger alert ready to be used within minutes.
More informationThe Field of Life and Death: Writing about Nukes. Bruce F. Webster (Co-Author, Carthago Series) (brucefwebster.com, bfwa.com,
The Field of Life and Death: Writing about Nukes Bruce F. Webster (Co-Author, Carthago Series) (brucefwebster.com, bfwa.com, bwebster@bfwa.com) 2 Conflict is timeless 兵者國之大事死生之地存亡之道不可不察也 Warfare is a great
More information60th anniversary of Hiroshima bombing
www.breaking News English.com Ready-to-use ESL / EFL Lessons 60th anniversary of Hiroshima bombing URL: http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/0508/050806-hiroshima-e.html Today s contents The Article 2 Warm-ups
More informationDISEC Combating Proliferation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons with Emphasis on the Risk of Acquisition by the Non-State Actors
USMUN 18 DISEC Combating Proliferation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons with Emphasis on the Risk of Acquisition by the Non-State Actors UNDER SECRETARY GENERAL: DEFNE KAYA, 1 , In some respects,
More informationScience and Technology for Naval Warfare,
Science and Technology for Naval Warfare, 2015--2020 Mark Lister Chairman, NRAC NDIA Disruptive Technologies Conference September 4, 2007 Excerpted from the Final Briefing Outline Terms of Reference Panel
More informationNews English.com Ready-to-use ESL / EFL Lessons
www.breaking News English.com Ready-to-use ESL / EFL Lessons Russia warns against WMD in space URL: http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/0506/050603-spacewmd.html Today s contents The Article 2 Warm-ups
More information60th anniversary of Hiroshima bombing
www.breaking News English.com Ready-to-use ESL / EFL Lessons 60th anniversary of Hiroshima bombing URL: http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/0508/050806-hiroshima.html Today s contents The Article 2 Warm-ups
More informationComprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Contributing towards a World Free of Nuclear Weapons
2016-2017 Critical Issues Forum (CIF) Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Contributing towards a World Free of Nuclear Weapons by Jean du Preez 1. History of Nuclear Testing, Nuclear Testing and the
More informationNews English.com Ready-to-use ESL / EFL Lessons
www.breaking News English.com Ready-to-use ESL / EFL Lessons Russia warns against WMD in space URL: http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/0506/050603-spacewmd-e.html Today s contents The Article 2 Warm-ups
More informationMore than a dream? Obama s vision of a nuclear arms-free world
LÄNDERBERICHT More than a dream? Obama s vision of a nuclear arms-free world Our age has stolen the fire from the Gods. Can we confine it to peaceful means before it consumes us? Henry Kissinger In Prague
More informationThank you for the chance to address you today. It is a sobering task
Disarmament and Non-Nuclear Stability in Tomorrow s World* By Christopher A.Ford (USA) Thank you for the chance to address you today. It is a sobering task to address the issue of nuclear disarmament in
More informationDisarmament and International Security Committee Handbook B
Disarmament and International Security Committee Handbook B PRESIDENT: Eugenia Reyes Ruiz MODERATOR: Diego Vázquez Ruiz CONFERENCE OFFICER: José Alexis Pérez Armenta Disarmament and International Security
More informationTHE MANHATTAN PROJECT 2:
THE MANHATTAN PROJECT 2: MINUTES to MIDNIGHT ATOMIC POWERS EMBRACE THE STRATEGY OF DETERRENCE! A game for 2 5 players designed by Brandon Tibbetts Copyright 2018, Minion Games, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
More informationMIT MODEL UNITED NATIONS X 2018 DISEC
Honorable delegates, Welcome to the Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC) at the 2018 edition of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Model United Nations Conference! We are pleased
More informationApril 10, Develop and demonstrate technologies needed to remotely detect the early stages of a proliferant nation=s nuclear weapons program.
Statement of Robert E. Waldron Assistant Deputy Administrator for Nonproliferation Research and Engineering National Nuclear Security Administration U. S. Department of Energy Before the Subcommittee on
More informationGame Theory. 4: Nash equilibrium in different games and mixed strategies
Game Theory 4: Nash equilibrium in different games and mixed strategies Review of lecture three A game with no dominated strategy: The battle of the sexes The concept of Nash equilibrium The formal definition
More informationIR 342 The Politics and Strategy of Weapons of Mass Destruction
IR 342 The Politics and Strategy of Weapons of Mass Destruction Spring 2018 Instructor: Andrew Coe, acoe@usc.edu Office Hours: in VKC 343 Section Number: 37843 Meetings: TTh, 11am 12:20pm, VKC 102 Final
More informationRadioactivity. Lecture 28 Radioactivity and Fear
Radioactivity Lecture 28 Radioactivity and Fear The Development of Fear The use of the bomb The realization of its impact The mysterious powers of science The fear of attack The fear of consequence Atoms
More informationCONTriBuTOrS. İzak Atiyas is a professor of European studies and coordinator of the MA
CONTriBuTOrS İzak Atiyas is a professor of European studies and coordinator of the MA program in Public Policy at Sabancı University, Istanbul. His research areas include productivity, industrial policy,
More informationthe Politics of Nuclear Weapons
the Politics of Nuclear Weapons 00_Futter_Prelims.indd 1 20/01/2015 12:25:41 PM 3 nuclear proliferation: why states build or don t build the bomb Different reasons for going nuclear Vertical and horizontal
More informationSpecialized Committee. Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
Specialized Committee Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space 2016 CHS MiniMUN 2016 Contents Table of Contents A Letter from the Secretariat iii Description of Committee 1 Prevention of an Arms Race
More informationWorld War II Unit Day Four U.S. History. The key events, figures, and outcomes of the Atomic Bombing of Japan.
World War II Unit Day Four U.S. History The key events, figures, and outcomes of the Atomic Bombing of Japan. Title of Event: Atomic Bombing of Japan Problem or Goal: How should the U.S. end World War
More informationAnyssa Neustel April 9, 2015 Dr. Hink Nuclear Proliferation: The New War Machine
Anyssa Neustel April 9, 2015 Dr. Hink Nuclear Proliferation: The New War Machine The threat of nuclear war has become increasingly present since the Manhattan Project began the first expedition to create
More informationCalsMUN 2019 Future Technology. The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Research Report. Militarising Outer Space
Future Technology Research Report Forum: Issue: Chairs: COPUOS Militarising Outer Space Björn Overbeek and Thijs de Ruijter RESEARCH REPORT 1 Personal Introduction Björn Overbeek Hi, My name is Björn,
More informationThe man who shouldn t be here hopes to be heard
The man who shouldn t be here hopes to be heard By Gene Beley, CVBT Correspondent He lived through Hiroshima bombing as an infant How lucky for the ones who got killed instantly WITH VIDEO There were many
More informationAcademic Year
2017-2018 Academic Year Note: The research questions and topics listed below are offered for consideration by faculty and students. If you have other ideas for possible research, the Academic Alliance
More informationOUTER SPACE WEAPONS, DIPLOMACY, AND SECURITY. AlExEi ARbATOv AND vladimir dvorkin, EDITORS
OUTER SPACE WEAPONS, DIPLOMACY, AND SECURITY AlExEi ARbATOv AND vladimir dvorkin, EDITORS OUTER SPACE OUTER SPACE WEAPONS, DIPLOMACY, AND SECURITY AlExEi ARbATOv AND vladimir dvorkin, EDITORS 2010 Carnegie
More informationBlackout Wars. Dr. Peter Vincent Pry EMP Task Force on National and Homeland Security EMPtaskforcenhs.com
Blackout Wars Dr. Peter Vincent Pry EMP Task Force on National and Homeland Security EMPtaskforcenhs.com JULY 23, 2012 Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) capable of generating catastrophic geomagnetic super-storm
More informationTren ds i n Nuclear Security Assessm ents
2 Tren ds i n Nuclear Security Assessm ents The l ast deca de of the twentieth century was one of enormous change in the security of the United States and the world. The torrent of changes in Eastern Europe,
More informationDo Now. Don't forget to turn your homework into the basket! Describe what you know about how the Japanese were defeated in World War II.
Do Now Don't forget to turn your homework into the basket! Describe what you know about how the Japanese were defeated in World War II. As the Allies were closing in on Nazi Germany in late 1944 and early
More informationSTS 350 Atomic Consequences Spring 2002
STS 350 Atomic Consequences Spring 2002 Michael Aaron Dennis 620 Clark Hall Office Hours: M 2-4, and by appointment TA: Anuradha Chakravarty Office Hours: R 10-11AM, 3-4PM; B27 McGraw Hall This is a course
More informationContemporary Literature 1939 to Present
Contemporary Literature 1939 to Present Feature Menu Interactive Time Line Milestone: World War II Milestone: The Cold War Milestone: Civil Rights Movement Milestone: Digital Revolution Milestone: Postmodernism
More informationPeter Mulvey. Abilene
The Arms Race 1945 U.S. drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1949 Soviet Union explodes atomic bomb 1952 U.S. explodes hydrogen bomb (700 times more powerful) United Kingdom becomes 3rd nuclear
More informationPOSC 236 Global, National and Human Security --- Spring Class time: Thursday, Thursday 1:15-3:00. Weitz Center 233. Prof Greg Marfleet
POSC 236 Global, National and Human Security --- Spring 2015 Class time:, 1:15-3:00 Weitz Center 233 Prof Greg Marfleet Office Willis 206 Office Hours: Wednesday and Friday 1-3 COURSE DESCRIPTION: What
More informationObjective: To examine the Red Scare of the 1950 s and beyond. Cummings of the Daily Express, 24 August 1953, "Back to Where it all Started"
Objective: To examine the Red Scare of the 1950 s and beyond. Cummings of the Daily Express, 24 August 1953, "Back to Where it all Started" Hunting Communists at Home A dramatic fear of communism and communist
More informationP U R D U E U N I V E R S I T Y. POL 237: MODERN WEAPONS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Spring 2015
P U R D U E U N I V E R S I T Y POL 237: MODERN WEAPONS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Spring 2015 Keith Shimko BRNG 2236 Office Hours: T 2:00-4:00, W 1:00-4:00 kshimko@purdue.edu Objectives: Whether it was
More informationLecture #3: Networks. Kyumars Sheykh Esmaili
Lecture #3: Game Theory and Social Networks Kyumars Sheykh Esmaili Outline Games Modeling Network Traffic Using Game Theory Games Exam or Presentation Game You need to choose between exam or presentation:
More informationPapers and exams. Delivery systems. Centrifuge enrichment. Proliferation
Papers and exams I ve graded everything but the water tower assignment (will return that on Thursday). I spent a lot of time making comments on your papers. I really found them to be quite good! The large
More informationSummary Overview of Topics in Econ 30200b: Decision theory: strong and weak domination by randomized strategies, domination theorem, expected utility
Summary Overview of Topics in Econ 30200b: Decision theory: strong and weak domination by randomized strategies, domination theorem, expected utility theorem (consistent decisions under uncertainty should
More informationDOWNLOAD OR READ : NUCLEAR ANNIHILATION PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI
DOWNLOAD OR READ : NUCLEAR ANNIHILATION PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 nuclear annihilation nuclear annihilation pdf nuclear annihilation A nuclear holocaust, nuclear apocalypse or atomic holocaust
More informationNuclear Games: A Tool for Examining Nuclear Stability in a Proliferated Setting
No. 1066 Delivered November 15, 2007 March 10, 2008 Nuclear Games: A Tool for Examining Nuclear Stability in a Proliferated Setting Baker Spring This paper serves as a description of the findings of nuclear
More informationHumanitarian problems from the use of nuclear weapons
Humanitarian problems from the use of nuclear weapons - and some solutions? Dr Philip Webber www.sgr.org.uk The Context: A new initiative by civil society starting with a conference in Oslo hosted by the
More informationPevans Board games reviews and articles by Paul Evans Invading Mesopotamia
Pevans Invading Mesopotamia After the Flood reviewed Launched at Spiel last year, After the Flood is one of Martin Wallace s Treefrog games, the first three-player game in the range. Now, there are plenty
More informationLarsson's A&A50 House Rules
Larsson's A&A50 House Rules 2009-03-17 House Rule 1 Black Sea - Official optional rule In order to maintain its neutrality, Turkey closed the narrow straights linking the Black Sea and the Mediterranean,
More informationNuclear Weapons and Human Beings Hiroshima s Role in Today s Society
Nuclear Weapons and Human Beings Hiroshima s Role in Today s Society Takashi Hiraoka Approximately 27,000 nuclear warheads are presently deployed in the world, threatening the very existence of human beings.
More informationThe Imminent Threat of Nuclear War And What We Can Do To Prevent It
The Imminent Threat of Nuclear War And What We Can Do To Prevent It Presented by Bill Durston, MD August 5, 2018 At the Hiroshima/Nagasaki Remembrance Maui Okinawa Cultural Center Wailuku, Hawaii Note:
More informationChapter 15: Game Theory: The Mathematics of Competition Lesson Plan
Chapter 15: Game Theory: The Mathematics of Competition Lesson Plan For All Practical Purposes Two-Person Total-Conflict Games: Pure Strategies Mathematical Literacy in Today s World, 9th ed. Two-Person
More informationAA-Revised LowLuck. 1. What is Low Luck? 2. Why Low Luck? 3. How does Low Luck work?
AA-Revised LowLuck If you want to start playing as soon as possible, just read 4. and 5. 1. What is Low Luck? It isn t really a variant of Axis&Allies Revised but rather another way of combat resolution:
More informationThe Manhattan Project (NCSS8)
The Manhattan Project (NCSS8) I. General Information Subject: US History Teacher: Sarah Hendren Unit: World War II Grade: 11 Lesson: The Manhattan Project # of Students: 24 II. Big Question For Today s
More informationNUCLEAR ARSENALS IN 25 YEARS
NUCLEAR ARSENALS IN 25 YEARS The future of nuclear weapons has recently been widely discussed. The latest trends indicate that the role of nuclear weapons in national security will diminish. The same relates
More informationHow to Win Axis and Allies Style Games
How to Win Axis and Allies Style Games October 31, 2006 Alan Richbourg Why Try? Whether you win or lose, especially in the long run, it s most rewarding for all players if they all make a reasonable effort
More informationPresentation Assignment Biography of Photographic Invention
History of Photography Presentation Assignment Biography of Photographic Invention Presented by: James M. Atkinson jmatk@tscm.com http://www.tscm.com/ October 30, 1961 @ 331 AM (Washington, DC) Strategic
More informationNuclear weapons: Ending a threat to humanity
International Review of the Red Cross (2015), 97 (899), 887 891. The human cost of nuclear weapons doi:10.1017/s1816383116000060 REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS Nuclear weapons: Ending a threat to humanity Speech
More informationTRINITY AND BEYOND. Ambassador Linton F. Brooks
TRINITY AND BEYOND Ambassador Linton F. Brooks Administrator, National Nuclear Security Administration and Under Secretary of Energy for National Security Presented to the National Academy of Sciences
More informationAxis & Allies Europe FAQ
Second Edition Rules Axis & Allies Europe FAQ November 17, 2005 Q. Did any rules change from the first to second editions of the rule book? A. Only two: 1. A destroyer taking part in an amphibious assault
More informationMontessori Model United Nations. Distr.: Middle School Thirteenth Session Sept Fourth Committee Special Political and Decolonization Committee
Montessori Model United Nations A/C.4/13/BG-52.A General Assembly Distr.: Middle School Thirteenth Session Sept 2018 Original: English Fourth Committee Special Political and Decolonization Committee This
More informationCERN Bx on thorium and non proliferation Geneva 29 Oct 2013
CERN Bx on thorium and non proliferation Geneva 29 Oct 2013 Hans Blix DRAFT Thorium nuclear power and non-proliferation Conference at CERN, Geneva 29 October 2013. 11.00 11.30 This conference on the use
More informationSid Drell: Beyond the Blackboard Physics of Nuclear Weapons. Raymond Jeanloz University of California, Berkeley
Sid Drell: Beyond the Blackboard Physics of Nuclear Weapons Raymond Jeanloz University of California, Berkeley Advisor to Presidents and more The government needs independent experts, and we are fortunate
More information2014 Griggling Games
Playing a card is what you do with one card during the Play Step you take it from your hand, use the card as you can, and discard the card. Using a card is carrying out the activities described on the
More informationPROBLEM SET Explain the difference between mutual knowledge and common knowledge.
PROBLEM SET 1 1. Define Pareto Optimality. 2. Explain the difference between mutual knowledge and common knowledge. 3. Define strategy. Why is it possible for a player in a sequential game to have more
More informationCreated by Paul Hallett
The National Cold War Exhibition covers many aspects of the GCSE Modern World syllabus. This package focuses on: The formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, the membership of these organisations and their
More informationNuclear Proliferation: Can Terrorists Buy, Steal or Built a Nuclear Bomb?
Nuclear Proliferation: Can Terrorists Buy, Steal or Built a Nuclear Bomb? Intro to Nuclear Weapons Consequences of a Nuclear Terror Attack on Chicago Can Terrorists Buy, Steal or Built a Nuclear Bomb?
More information001 \ FORTRESS AMERICA
TM TM 00 \ FORTRESS AMERICA ONE NATION, UNDER SIEGE! IN THE ST CENTURY, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA UNVEILED A NEW SYSTEM OF SATELLITES AND POWERFUL LASERS THAT PROVIDED NOT ONLY A FLAWLESS DEFENSE AGAINST
More informationWhat determines your personal success?
What determines your personal success? A lot, of people have many different answers. They believe it s their intelligence or their strengths. So which is it for you? What do you think determines YOUR personal
More informationThis presentation runs on its own. No user intervention is needed.
This presentation runs on its own. No user intervention is needed. This presentation is designed to inspire the direction of major Internal Research Funding to seed a Bold New Mission for LANL Created
More informationPREVENTING THE INITIAL PLACEMENT OF WEAPONS IN OUTER SPACE
PREVENTING THE INITIAL PLACEMENT OF WEAPONS IN OUTER SPACE Forum: Disarmament Commission Student Officer: Jerry An, President Introduction In the mid-20th century, accompanying the drastic development
More informationRevisiting One World or None.
Revisiting One World or None. Sixty years ago, atomic energy was new and the world was still reverberating from the shocks of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Immediately after the end of
More informationIntellivision Intelligent Television
Intellivision Intelligent Television TM VOICE SYNTHESIS CARTRIDGE INSTRUCTIONS (FOR 1 OR 2 PLAYERS) FOR COLOR TV VIEWING ONLY 2015 IntellivisionRevolution IR-0011 PRINTED IN U.S.A. All Rights Reserved.
More informationNash Equilibrium. An obvious way to play? Player 1. Player 2. Player 2
Nash Equilibrium An obvious way to play? In Joseph Heller s novel Catch 22, allied victory in WW2 is a foregone conclusion. Yossarian does not want to be one of the last ones to die. His commanding officer
More informationSUPREMACY The Game of the Superpowers
SUPREMACY The Game of the Superpowers CHALLENGE OF THE NEW WORLD ORDER Rules of Play to the Basic Game Version 3.0 For two to six players Conquer the world with economic, political and military power.
More informationNuclear Weapons and International Politics
Nuclear Weapons and International Politics Fall 2014 Nicholas L. Miller Department of Political Science Brown University Email: nicholas_miller@brown.edu Thursday, 4:00-6:20 PM Office: Watson Institute
More informationIt s time to abolish nuclear weapons
Australian Journal of International Affairs Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 439/445, December 2005 It s time to abolish nuclear weapons SUE WAREHAM 1 Michael Wesley has proposed a way to address the problem of nuclear
More information1982 Vocabulary Matching
1982 Vocabulary Matching Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right. 1 anti-nuclear... a to think about 2 apartheid... b the International Whaling Commission 3 ban... c to not allow
More informationALMOST NUCLEAR: INTRODUCING THE NUCLEAR LATENCY DATASET
ALMOST NUCLEAR: INTRODUCING THE NUCLEAR LATENCY DATASET Matthew Fuhrmann and Benjamin Tkach Alyssa Martinec Nuclear Latency A country having the capacity to quickly produce nuclear weapons in the event
More informationWeapon Design. We ve Done a Lot but We Can t Say Much. by Carson Mark, Raymond E. Hunter, and Jacob J. Wechsler
We ve Done a Lot but We Can t Say Much by Carson Mark, Raymond E. Hunter, and Jacob J. Wechsler T he first atomic bombs were made at Los Alamos within less than two and a half years after the Laboratory
More informationAxis & Allies Pacific FAQ
Setup Axis & Allies Pacific FAQ December 11, 2003 Experienced players sometimes find that it s too easy for Japan to win. (Beginning players often decide that it s too hard for Japan to win it s all a
More informationThe Atomic Bomb: The Great Decision (American Problem Studies)
The Atomic Bomb: The Great Decision (American Problem Studies) If looking for a ebook The Atomic Bomb: The Great Decision (American problem studies) in pdf format, in that case you come on to faithful
More informationSet-Up Perform these 4 steps to prepare for play:
Introduction Modern Naval Battles - Global Warfare is a fast-paced card game depicting naval warfare between 2 to 6 players. Each player is placed in command of a fleet of the most powerful military vessels
More informationMuch of the ocean area is beyond the direct experience of most people and thus "out of sight, out of mind."
Book Reviews 689 should ensure that costs related to the bearing of the risk or consequences of harm are rationally or equitably allocated" (p. 72). Article 10 of the Articles on Transboundary Harm, which
More informationWhat about them? What are they? is it legal to use them? is it legal to have them? who has them and who wants them? why are they still around?
nukes What about them? What are they? is it legal to use them? is it legal to have them? who has them and who wants them? why are they still around? 1 It is a measure of arrogance to assert that a nuclear
More informationJ u s t i c e T a l k i n g R a d i o T r a n s c r i p t
J u s t i c e T a l k i n g R a d i o T r a n s c r i p t Nuclear Disarmament: An Impossible Dream? Air Date: 10/9/06 With North Korea allegedly testing nuclear weapons and Iran continuing to build its
More informationGwen: Our last story peers inside a black box that may shed light on some of the darkest days of
Episode 709, Story 3: N.E.A.R Device Gwen: Our last story peers inside a black box that may shed light on some of the darkest days of the Cold War. The US atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945
More informationREMOVING THE PERIL OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS THE REYKJAVIK-2 APPROACH
REMOVING THE PERIL OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS THE REYKJAVIK-2 APPROACH Richard L. Garwin IBM Fellow Emeritus IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 RLG2@us.ibm.com, www.fas.org/rlg/
More informationPAINTING IX to Cold War, Computers, Nuclear Age, Wars in Korea & Viet Nam, Exploration of Space, Man Walks on the Moon
PAINTING IX- 1946 to 2015 Cold War, Computers, Nuclear Age, Wars in Korea & Viet Nam, Exploration of Space, Man Walks on the Moon During these short 55 years we experienced: Cold War, Hydrogen bombs, nuclear
More informationRules: Axis and Allies 1942
Page 1 of 22 Page 2 of 22 Rules: Axis and Allies 1942 NOTE: Although mostly the same as the tabletop rules, these rules have been modified to reflect the online version of the game. The rules themselves
More informationDuck & Cover: School Drills During the Cold War By Jessica McBirney 2016
Name: Class: Duck & Cover: School Drills During the Cold War By Jessica McBirney 2016 During the Cold War (a period of political tension that followed World War II), Americans feared that their enemy,
More informationTo End the War Summer 1945
To End the War Summer 1945 On April 12, 1945, President Franklin Roosevelt died while in office. Three months after assuming office, President Harry Trumanfound himselfin control of the most terrible weapon
More informationPicking Winners. Emerging Technologies for Countering Terrorism
Picking Winners Emerging Technologies for Countering Terrorism Jerry Gilfoyle Physics Department, University of Richmond, Virginia Outline: 1. How do we assess the threat? 2. Catching terrorists before
More informationWorld War III The Military Defeat of America
INTRODUCTION World War III The Military Defeat of America The purpose of this document is to show there is a reasonable basis using strategic studies (the science of warfare) to believe that America will
More information