Anakin Skywalker /Darth Vader Star Wars Archetype: The Antihero. Catherine Tramell, Basic Instinct Archetype: Femme Fatale

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2 Characters There are major and minor characters. Some of these characters may be stereotypes (exaggerated depictions) or archetypes (historical depictions). Anakin Skywalker /Darth Vader Star Wars Archetype: The Antihero Catherine Tramell, Basic Instinct Archetype: Femme Fatale

3 Characters There are major and minor characters. Some of these characters may be stereotypes (exaggerated depictions) or archetypes (historical depictions). Robin, Batman Stereotype: Sidekick Josie Geller, Never Been Kissed Stereotype: Nerd

4 Characters 0 Major characters The story could not happen without them. In Cinderella, the prince is an example of a major character. 0 Minor characters They appear in the story, but are not essential. The guests at the ball are an example of minor characters. 0 Two of the most important characters include: 1. Protagonist the major character whose story it is. He/she/it has a struggle and must take action or change to resolve problems. 2. Antagonist the major character (or situation) against whom (or which) the protagonist struggles.

5 Plot The series of events and actions that make the heart of the story. None can be eliminated. Each is needed to make or lead to the next essential event.

6 Point of View The vantage point in which the story is told 0 1 st person (subjective) the narrator does participate in the action of the story. (I walked down the street.) When reading stories in the first person, we need to realize that what the narrator is recounting might not be the objective truth. We should question the trustworthiness of the accounting in case the narrator is unreliable. 0 2 nd person the narrator directly addresses you in the story. (You feel a chill as the spider crawls slowly down the wall.) 0 3 rd person (objective) the narrator does not participate in the action of the story as one of the characters, but lets us know exactly how the characters feel. (She walked sadly down the street.) We learn about the characters through this outside voice.

7 Setting The time and place of the story. Sometimes setting is essential, and sometimes it isn t.

8 Setting Macro (large) settings: REAL

9 New York Film location for various movies such as 27 Dresses, The Happening, When Harry Met Sally and novels such as The Age of Innocence

10 San Francisco Film location for films such as The Rock and The Zodiac and novels such as The Joy Luck Club and The Maltese Falcon

11 Setting Macro (large) setting: IMAGINARY

12 Tatooine An imaginary planet used in the film Star Wars

13 Maycomb, Alabama An imaginary setting in To Kill a Mockingbird

14 Setting Micro (small) settings: REAL AND IMAGINARY

15 Cruise Ship/Atlantic Ocean The setting of the film Titanic

16 A bedroom The setting from the movie Toy Story

17 Courtroom A crucial setting in To Kill a Mockingbird

18 Mood The emotional tone created by the story 0 Let s examine a scene from To Kill a Mockingbird What did you observe about the scene as the children arrived? 0 How did the mood shift?

19 Tone The author s attitude about the material Sloppy people can t bear to part with anything. They give loving attention to every detail. When sloppy people say they re going to tackle the surface of a desk, they really mean it. Not a paper will go unturned; not a rubber band will go unboxed. Four hours or two weeks into the excavation, the desk looks exactly the same, primarily because the sloppy person is meticulously creating new piles of papers with new headings and scrupulously stopping to read all the old book catalogs before he throws them away. A neat person would just bulldoze the desk. Neat people are bums and clods at heart. Neat People vs. Sloppy People by Suzanne Britt

20 Allusion A literary reference to a person, place, or thing TV show on CBS 1984, a novel by George Orwell 0 Big Brother is Watching You.

21 Foreshadowing When the author or director give hints or clues to what is going to happen in the story. The children assembled first, of course. School was recently over for the summer, and the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them; they tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play, and their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher, of books and reprimands. Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones; Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix the villagers pronounced this name Dellacroy eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys. -The Lottery by Shirley Jackson

22 Foreshadowing The stones that the children collected at the beginning of the story were used to kill someone at the end of the story. We were given a hint at this harrowing action from the very beginning of the story.

23 Theme The value or philosophical idea/message the plot illustrates or the author communicates. 0 Most stories have more than one theme. What themes can you articulate about The Matrix?

24 Symbols Objects or people that have more meaning than just their existence. These objects or people represent something more. What is our symbol for love? What is our symbol for death or danger? What is the symbol for McDonald s?

25 Symbols Particular Universal

26 Symbols Particular Universal

27 Other Literary Elements 0 Hyperbole making an exaggeration 0 I m so hungry, I could eat a horse!

28 Other Literary Elements 0 Understatement presenting something less significant than it really is. 0 Your chariot awaits!

29 Other Literary Elements 0 Connotation an emotional response associated with a word 0 Denotation a literal dictionary meaning of a word Here are two examples: 1. The plumber snaked the drain. 2. The male model snaked his way through the nightclub. Which sentence uses connotation and denotation?

30 Imagery Collection of words evoking the five senses Metaphors by Sylvia Plath I m a riddle in nine syllables, 1 An elephant, a ponderous house, 2 A melon strolling on two tendrils. 3 O red fruit, ivory, fine timbers! 4 This loaf s big with its yeasty rising. 5 Money s new-minted in this fat purse. 6 I m a mean, a stage, a cow in calf. 7 I ve eaten a bag of green apples, 8 Boarded the train there s no getting off. 9

31 Other Literary Elements Metaphor 0 Direction comparison without using like or as Simile 0 Indirect comparison using like or as 0 He is a turtle on the track. 0 He runs like a turtle on the track.

32 Other Literary Elements Onomatopoeia 0 Words whose sounds mimic their pronunciations: Words & Sounds 0 boom 0 crunch 0 drip 0 bloop

33 Other Literary Elements Alliteration 0 Repetition of consonant or vowel sounds. Example 0 Amy arrived at the Apple Store stressed and worried about her imac.

34 Other Literary Elements Situational Irony 0 A writing technique that presents a surprising contradiction Example 0 An ambulance driver runs over a bicycle rider in the road.

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