Notes. Notes to Chapter 1. Notes to Chapter Olive Schreiner, The Story of an African Farm (Chicago: Donohue, Henneberry & Co, 1883), p. 228.

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1 Notes Notes to Chapter 1 1. C. J. Driver, 'Profile 8: Doris Lessing', The New Review, 18 (Nov. 1974), p Lessing's Foreword to Lawrence Vambe's An I1/-Fated People: Zimbabwe Before and After Rhodes reprintedas 'Lessing on Zimbabwe', Doris Lessing Newsletter, 4, 1 (Summer 1980), p 'Lessing on Zimbabwe', p Doris Lessing, 'Impertinent Daughters', Granta, 14 (1984), p Nicole Ward Jouve, 'or mud and other matter - The Chi/dren of Violence', Notebooks/Memoirs/ Archives: Reading and Rereading Doris Lessing, ed. Jenny Taylor (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982), p Jouve, 'or mud and other matter - The Children of Violence',p Claire Sprague, 'The Golden Notebook: In Whose or What Great Tradition? Approaches to Teaching Lessing's 'The Golden Notebook', ed., Carey Kaplan and Ellen Cronan Rose (New Y ork: The Modern Language Association or America, 1989), p Walter Allen, Tradition and Dream: The English and American Novel From the Twenties to Our Time (London: Phoenix House, 1964), p Deirdre David, Intellectual Women and Victorian Patriarchy (lthaca: Cornell University Press, 1987), p Sprague, 'The Golden Notebook: In Whose or What Great Tradition', p Tom Maschler, Declaration (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1957), p Lorna Sage, Doris Lessing (London: Methuen, 1983), p. 11. Notes to Chapter 2 1. Olive Schreiner, The Story of an African Farm (Chicago: Donohue, Henneberry & Co, 1883), p Sage, Doris Lessing, pp Ruth Whittaker, Doris Lessing (New York: St Martin's Press, 1988), p Whittaker, Doris Lessing, p

2 126 NOTES 5. The original title is recorded by Eve Bertelsen, 'Tbe Quest and the Quotidian: Doris Lessing in South Africa', In Pursuit o[ Doris Lessing: Nine Nations Reading, ed. Claire Sprague (New York: St Martin's Press, 1990), p Lessing's overriding interest in white Africans in her novels and short stories is one element in her marginalisation by Zimbabwean readers, a situation analysed by Anthony Chennells in 'Reading Doris Lessing's Rhodesian Stories in Zimbabwe', In Pursuit o[ Doris Lessing, pp Olive Schreiner, too, exploited the power of dreams, especially as a key to mystical experience. She published a book called Dreams in Schreiner, The Story o[ an A[rican Farm, p George Levine, The Realistic Imagination: English Fiction [rom Frankenstein to Lady Chatterley (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), p Schreiner, The Story o[ an A[rican Farm, p George Levine has convincingly argued for realism's ability to accommodate such expansion: The Realistic Imagination, p Nancy Bazin, 'Tbe Moment of Revelation in Martha Quest and Comparable Moments by Two Modernists', Modern Fiction Studies, Doris Lessing Number, vol. 26, no. 1 (Spring 1980), p Bazin, 'Tbe Moment of Revelation', p. 95. Notes to ehapter 3 1. Susan BrownmiIIer, "'Best Battles Are Fought by Men and Women Together"', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, eds Claire Sprague and Virginia Tiger (Boston: G.K. Hall, 1986), p Virginia Tiger, 'Candid Shot: Lessing in New York City, April 1 and 2, 1984', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p In "'Best BattIes Are Fought by Men and Women Together"', Susan Brownmiller quotes Lessing as saying 'I don't believe in getting married, unless you have children. I don't Iike marriage at all. I've had two of them', p In 'Of mud and other matter - The Children o[ Violence', Nicole Ward Jouve notes: 'Tbe first four volumes of The Children o[ Violence, though they are preoccupied with racial issues, though the existence ofthe many white characters who appear is based on the labour of the black Africans, ignore that labour', p In 'Veldtanschauung: Doris Lessing's Savage Africa', Eve Bertelsen explores this issue using The Grass Is Singing as central text. Modern Fiction Studies, vol. 37, no. 4 (Winter 1991), pp Jenny Taylor, 'Introduction: Situating Reading', Notebooks/Memoirs/ Archives, p. 6.

3 NOTES Margaret Drabble, 'Doris Lessing: Cassandra in a World under Siege', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p Jean McCrindle, 'Reading The Golden Notebook in 1962', Notebooks/ Memoirs/Archives, p Elizabeth Wilson, 'Yesterday's Heroines: On Rereading Lessing and de Beauvoir', Notebooks/Memoirs/Archives, p Lee T. Lemon, Portraits 0/ the Artist in Contemporary Fiction (Lineoln: University of Nebraska, 1985), p Levine, The Realistic Imagination, p N. Katherine Hayles, Chaos Bound: Orderly Disorder in Contemporary Literature and Science (Ithaca: Comell University Press), 1990, p Hayles, Chaos Bound, pp Taylor, 'Introduction: Situating Reading', p Rachel Brownstein, Becoming a Heroine: Reading About Women in Novels (New York: Viking Press, 1982), p Virginia Woolf, 'Professions for Women', Women and Writing, ed. MicheIe Barrett (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979), pp Margaret Moan Rowe, 'Muriel Spark and the Angel of the Body', Critique (Spring 1987), pp Many readers of Lessing's work have made comparisons between sexual maps drawn by Lawrence and Lessing. One of the most interesting comparisons is Mark Spilka's in 'Lessing and Lawrence: The Battle of the Sexes', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, pp Notes to Cbapter 4 1. Sage, Doris Lessing, p Roberta Rubenstein marks this doubleness when she notes: 'The novel unfolds on two levels simultaneously: the literal and the phenomenal plane traces the development of events in the macrocosm, the world of other people, while the symbolic plane connects those events to the microcosm of Martha's own consciousness.' The Novelistic Vision 0/ Doris Lessing: Breaking the Forms 0/ Consciousness (Urbana: University of IIlinois Press, 1979), p Jeannette King, Doris Lessing (London: Edward Amold, 1989), p Gore Vidal, 'Paradise Regained', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p Gillian Beer, Darwin's Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Fiction (London: Ark Paperbacks, 1985), p Gordon S. Haight, George Eliot: A Biography (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968), p. 36.

4 128 NOTES 7. George Eliot, 'Silly Novels by Lady Novelists', Essays 0/ George Eliot, ed. Thomas Pinney (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963), p.31o. 8. Eliot, Essays, p Gillian Beer, Darwin's Plots, p Gillian Beer, Darwin's Plots, p Notes to Chapter 5 I. R. D. Laing, 'Preface to the Pelican Edition', The Divided Self(New York: Penguin Books, 1965), p 'The Sufi Path' quoted by Idries Shah, The Way 0/ the Sufi (New York: Penguin Books, 1974), p Joan Didion, 'Review of Briefing /or adescent Into Helf, Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p Lawrence, Leiters, vol. 11, ed. George Zytaruk and James Boulton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), p Rubenstein, The Novelistic Vision 0/ Doris Lessing, p Katherine Fishburn, The Unexpected Universe 0/ Doris Lessing: A Study in Narrative Technique (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985), p Fishburn, The Unexpected Universe, p Betsy Draine, Substance Under Pressure: Artistic Coherence and Evolving Form in the Novels 0/ Doris Lessing (Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983), p Sage, Doris Lessing, p Whittaker, Doris Lessing, p Fishburn, The Unexpected Universe, p Sage, Doris Lessing, p. 76. Notes to Chapter 6 I. W. B. Yeats, 'Under Ben Bulben', Collected Poems (New York: Macmillan, 1956), p Sage, Doris Lessing, p Jouve, 'Of mud and other matter - The Children 0/ Violence', pp Whittaker, Doris Lessing, p Claire Sprague, Rereading Doris Lessing: Narrative Patterns 0/ Doubling and Repetition (Chapel Hili: University of North Carolina Press, 1987), p. 174.

5 NOTES The Radieal Imagination and the Liberal Tradition: Interviews with English and Ameriean Novelists, ed. Heide Ziegler and Christopher Bigsby (London: Junction Books, 1982), p I am aware that Lessing moves agilely away from the question of what she herself believes about the world she has created in Canopus in Argos. See, for example, her 'Preface' to The Sirian Experiments. 8. Sage, Doris Lessing, p Shikasta (the hurt) was originally called Rohanda (the fruitful). 10. Draine, Substanee Under Pressure, p Fishburn, The Unexpeeted Universe, p Marsha Rowe, '''If you mate a swan and a gander, who will ride?"', NotebooksJMemoirsJArehives, p Draine, Substanee Under Pressure, p King, Doris Lessing, p Sprague, Rereading Doris Lessing, p Sprague, Rereading Doris Lessing, p Draine, Substanee Under Pressure, p Fishburn, The Unexpeeted Universe, p Notes to Chapter 7 I. Robert Frost, 'Desert Places', The Poetry 01 Robert Frost, ed. Edward Connery Lathem (New Y ork: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1975), p Bigsby, The Radical Imagination and the Liberal Tradition, pp Judith Kegan Gardiner, Rhys, Stead, Lessing, and the Polities 01 Empathy (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989), p Sprague, Rereading Doris Lessing, p Whittaker, Doris Lessing, p Whittaker, Doris Lessing, p Draine, Substanee Under Pressure, p Joseph Conrad, The Seeret Agent (New York: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1953), p.ll. 9. Sprague, Rereading Doris Lessing, p Hans-Peter Rodenberg, 'The Fifth Child: An Interview with Doris Lessing', Doris Lessing Newsletter, vol. 13, no. 1 (Summer 1989), p Rodenberg, 'The Fifth Child: An Interview With Doris Lessing', p Dee Seligman, 'In Pursuit ofdoris Lessing', Approaehes to Teaehing Lessing's Golden Notebook, p. 21.

6 130 NOTES Notes to ehapter 8 1. John Leonard otters a more negative view of Lessing's aim which in 'The Spacing Out of Doris Lessing', he describes as her attempt 'to bully the reader', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p Eve Bertelsen, 'Who is it who says "1"7: The Persona of a Doris Lessing Interview', Doris Lessing: The Alchemy 0/ Survival, ed. Carey Kaplan and Ellen Cronan Rose (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1988), p Ellen Goodman, 'The Doris Lessing Hoax', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p Goodman, 'The Doris Lessing Hoax', p Jonathan Yardley, 'Lessing Is More: An "Unknown" Author and the Success Syndrome', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p Goodman, 'The Doris Lessing Hoax', p Eve Bertelsen, 'Interview with Doris Lessing (London, 9 January 1984)', Doris Lessing, ed. Eve Bertelsen (Johannesburg: McGraw-HiII, 1985), p Susan Stamberg, 'An Interview with Doris Lessing', Doris Lessing News/etter, vol. 8, no. 2 (Fall 1984) p Bertelsen, 'Interview with Doris Lessing (London, 9 January 1984)', p Ellen Cronan Rose, 'From Supermarket to Schoolroom', In Pursuit 0/ Doris Lessing, p. 81.

7 Seleet Bibliography Allen, Walter, Tradition and Dream: The English and Ameriean Novel From the Twenties to Dur Time (London: Phoenix House, 1964). Bazin, Nancy, 'The Moment of Revelation in Martha Quest and Comparable Moments by Two Modernists', Modern Fietion Studies 26, no. 1 (Spring 1980), pp Beer, Gillian, Darwin 's Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Fietion (London: Ark Paperbacks, 1985). Bertelsen, Eve (ed.), Doris Lessing (Johannesburg: McGraw-Hill, 1985). Bertelsen, Eve, 'Veldtanschauung: Doris Lessing's Savage Africa', Modern Fietion Studies, 37, no. 4 (Winter 1991), pp Brownstein, Rache!, Beeoming a Heroine: Reading About Women in Novels (New York: The Viking Press, 1982). Conrad, Joseph, The Seeret Agent (New York: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1953). David, Deirdre, Intelleetual Women and Vietorian Patriarehy (Ithaca: Comell University Press, 1987). Draine, Betsy, Substanee Under Pressure: Artistie Coherenee and Evolving Form in the Novels 0/ Doris Lessing (Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983). Driver, C. J., 'Profile 8: Doris Lessing', The New Review, 18 (Nov. 1974), pp Eliot, George, Essays, ed. Thomas Pinney (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963). Fishbum, Katherine, The Unexpeeted Universe 0/ Doris Lessing: A Study in Narrative Teehnique (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985). Frost, Robert, The Poetry 0/ Robert Frost, ed. Edward Connery Lathem (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1975). Gardiner, Judith Kegan, Rhys, Stead, Lessing, and the Polities 0/ Empathy (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989). Haight, Gordon S., George Eliot: A Biography (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968). 131

8 132 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Hayles, N. Katherine, Chaos Bound: Orderly Disorder in Contemporary Literature and Science (lthaca: Comell University Press, 1990). Kaplan, Carey and Rose, Ellen Cronan (eds), Approaches to Teaching Lessing's 'The Golden Notebook' (New York: The Modem Language Association of America, 1989). King, Jeannette, Doris Lessing (London: Edward Amold, 1989). Laing, R. D., The Divided Self(New York: Penguin Books, 1965). Lawrence, D. H., Letters, vol. 11, ed. George Zytaruk and James Boulton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981). Lemon, Lee, Portraits 0/ the Artist in Contemporary Fiction (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1985). Lessing, Doris, 'Impertinent Daughters', Granta, 14 (1984), pp Lessing, Doris, 'Lessing on Zimbabwe', Doris Lessing Newsletter, 4, no. 1 (Summer 1980), pp. 1 and Levine, George, The Realistic Imagination: English Fiction /rom Frankenstein to Lady Chatterley (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1981). Maschler, Tom, Declaration (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1957). Rodenberg, Hans-Peter, 'The Fifth Child: An Interview with Doris Lessing', Doris Lessing Newsletter, 13, no. 1 (Summer 1989), pp Rowe, Margaret Moan, 'Muriel Spark and the Angel of the Body', Critique, XXVIII (Spring 1987), pp Rubenstein, Roberta, The Novelistic Vision 0/ Doris Lessing: Breaking the Forms 0/ Consciousness (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979). Sage, Loma, Doris Lessing (London: Methuen, 1983). Schreiner, Olive, The Story 0/ an A/rican Farm (Chicago: Donohue, Henneberry & Co., 1883). Shah, Idries, The Way 0/ the Sufi (New York: Penguin Books, 1974). Sprague, Claire, Rereading Doris Lessing: Narrative Patterns 0/ Doubling and Repetition (Chapei HilI: The University of North Carolina Press, 1987). Sprague, Claire (ed.), In Pursuit 0/ Doris Lessing: Nine Nations Reading (New York: St Martin's Press, 1990). Sprague, Claire and Tiger, Virginia (eds), Critical Essays on Doris Lessing (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1986). Stamberg, Susan, 'An Interview with Doris Lessing', Doris Lessing Newsletter, 8, no. 2 (Fall 1984), pp and 15.

9 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 133 Taylor, Jenny (ed.), NotebooksjMemoirsj Archives: Reading anti Rereading Doris Lessing (London: RoutIedge & Kegan Paul, 1982). Whittaker, Ruth, Doris Lessing (New York: St Martin's Press, 1988). Woolf, Virginia, Women and Writing, ed. MicheIe Barrett (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979). Yeats, W. B., Collected Poems (New York: Macmillan, 1956). Ziegler, Heide and Bigsby, Christopher (eds), The Radical Imagination and the Liberal Tradition: Interviews with English and American Novelists (London: Junction Books, 1982).

10 Index Allen, Walter 9 Auden, W. H. 71 Beer, Gillian 52, 54, 56 BerteIsen, Eve 112, 122 Bigsby, Christopher 81, 91-2,94 Bronte, Charlotte 111 Brownstein, Rachel 41 Burgess, Anthony 71 Carroll, Lewis 26 Conrad, Joseph, The Secret Agent 111 David, Deidre 9 Didion, Joan 60 Dostoevsky, Fyodor 60 Drabble, Margaret 36 Draine, Betsy 66, 82, 85, 88, 99 Driver, C. J. Eliot, George 9-10, 52--6, 60, 109 Daniel Deronda 10, Middlemarch 10 'Silly Novels by Lady Novelists' 53 Fishbum, Katherine 65, 66, 72,83,89 Frost, Rohert 91 Gardiner, Judith Kegan 92 Goodman, Ellen 117, 120 Graves, Rohert 64 Hardwick, Elizaheth 36,41 Hayles, N. Katherine 39,40 Insan-i-Kamil 59 Jouve, Nicole Ward 6,78,85 King, Jeannette 52,86, 101 Laing, R. D. 59, 66 Lawrence, D. H. 61 Lemon, Lee T. 39 Lessing, Doris 'Afterword to The Story of an African Farm by Olive Schreiner' 5, 6, 13,20,92 Briefing for adescent into Hell 24,60,62-7,73, 76, 105, 115 Canopus in Argos: Archives 29, 78, 79, 81,82,92,93, 115, 117, 120 Children of Violence 6,29, 34, 35, 47, 48, 49, 52, 56, 57, 59, 83, 91, 112 The Diaries of Jane Somers 93,94, 117, 119 The Diary of a Good Neighbour 94-7, 106, 117,

11 136 INDEX Lessing, Doris (cont.) The Fifth Child 4, 93, 103-9, 114 The Four-Gated City 29, 48-58, 60, 65, 68, 71, 80, 105, 115, 119 Going Home 7 The Golden Notebook 7-8, 11,29, 34, 36-45, 47, 48, 62, 79, 92, 99, 112, 114,115,117,119,122 The Good Terrorist 93, The Grass Is Singing 3, 4, 12, , 30, The Habit 0/ Loving 2-3 If the Old Could... 94, 117 'Impertinent Daughters', 4 In Pursuit 0/ the English, 49 'In the World, Not of It', 73 'Laboratories of Social Change', 98 Landlocked, 25, 28, 31, 47-8 'Lessing on Zimbabwe', 1-2,3 The Making 0/ the Representative tor Planet 8 47,82,86-9, 93, 116 Marriages Between Zones Three, Four, and Five 82, 83-6, 93 Martha Quest 3, 19,20-4, 30,48, 52, 68, 111, 114 The Memoirs 0/ a Survivor 60, 70-6, 77 'My Father' 4--5, 77, 80 A Proper M arriage 6, 11, 24, 30, 31-5, 41, 48, 101 A Ripple from the Storm 11, 13, 24--5, 31,34,48 The Sentimental Agents 78, 80 Shikasta 77, 78, 80, 115 The Sirian Experiments 78, 80, , 116 'The Small Personal Voice' 7, 8, 35, 36, 62, 79, 86, 91, 111, 117 The Summer Before the Dark 60,67-70, 74 Lessing Newsletter, The Doris 121, 122 Lessing Society, The Doris 121 Lessing, Gottfried 11 Levine, George 22, 39, 53 Lurie, Allison 100 McCrindle, Jean 36, 37 Murdoch, Iris, The Black Prince 41 Newquist, Roy 12 Orwell, George 71 Polycarp, St 26 Proust, Marcel 26 Rhodes, Cecil 2 Rodenberg, Hans-Peter 106 Rose, Ellen Cronan 122 Rowe, Marsha 84 Sage, Loma 11, 15,47,66, 76, 78, 81, 82 Schlueter, Paul 121

12 INDEX 137 Schreiner, Olive 2, 3, 8, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22-3, 26 The Story 0/ an A/rican Farm 14, 16-18, 19-20, 22, 23, 28 SeIigman, Dee 109, 121 Spark, Muriel 95 Sprague, Claire 10, 80, 87, 88,94, 102 Stamberg, Susan 121 Taylor, Alfred Cook 1,2,4 Taylor, Ernily Maude McVeagh 1, 2, 4 Taylor, Jenny 40 Tolstoy, Leo 7, 61 Turgenev, Ivan 26 Vidal, Gore 52 Whittaker, Ruth 16, 70, 80, 95,98 Wilson, Elizabeth 37, 40 Wisdorn, Frank 11 Woolf, Virginia 31, 41, 95 Mrs Dalloway, 56 'Professions for Wornen' 41-2 Yardley, Jonathan 119 Yeats, William Butler 77

Select Bibliography. The Diaries of jane Somers (1984; New York 1983, 1984) The Good Terrorist (1985; New York, 1985) NOTES ON EDITIONS

Select Bibliography. The Diaries of jane Somers (1984; New York 1983, 1984) The Good Terrorist (1985; New York, 1985) NOTES ON EDITIONS Notes 1. Interview with Roy Newquist, Counterpoint (Chicago, Ill.; Rand McNally, 1964), reprinted in A Small Personal Voice, ed. Paul Schlueter (New York: Vintage Books, 1975), pp. 45-60. 2. Doris Lessing,