HSC Physics Band 6 Notes - Module 1 (Space)

Transcription

1 HSC Physics Year 2016 Mark Pages 19 Published Jan 25, 2017 HSC Physics Band 6 Notes - Module 1 (Space) By Lucas (99.3 ATAR)

2 Powered by TCPDF ( Your notes author, Lucas. Lucas achieved an ATAR of 99.3 in 2016 while attending Maitland Grossman High School Currently studying Bachelor of Engineering (Civil) / Bachelor of Business at The University of Newcastle Achievements: 2016 HSC All Round Achiever Award Band 6 in Physics Band 6 in Chemistry Band 6 in Business Studies Band E4 in Mathematics Extension 1 Band E3 in Mathematics Extension 2 Band 6 in Advanced English Dux of Maitland Grossmann High School in 2016 Lucas says: I completed my HSC in 2016 at Maitland Grossmann High School, receiving 10 units of top bands as well as achieving an ATAR of 99.30, making me DUX of the school. Over my HSC year I compiled my notes from various different textbooks, insights from teachers as well as past paper responses, making my notes comprehensive and enough to cover the entire syllabus to ensure no surprises in exams. I currently tutor in all courses of mathematics, physics, chemistry and business studies and use these notes to aid my students in their HSC year.

3 ALSO, orbital velocity occurs when: HSC Physics Notes - Space 1. F g = F c 2. GMm r 2 = mv2 r 3. V Orbital = GM r This formula is not on the formula sheet but is VERY handy to remember as well as how to derive it as it can save a lot of time in exams 2.11 Account for the orbital decay of satellites in low Earth orbit Atmospheric drag causes friction on satellites, causing a gradual loss of kinetic energy to heat, causing the craft to slow down and fall down towards Earth s surface Discuss issues associated with safe re-entry into the Earth s atmosphere and landing on the Earth s surface Issues include: Heat generated porous silica tiles (low conductivity) cover the craft to limit its temperature and also by descending belly first, the craft can keep its temperature low. G Forces angle of re-entry (5.2⁰-7.2⁰) keeps g-forces within safe limits Radio Blackout high temperatures cause ionisation, preventing communication Identify that there is an optimum angle for safe re-entry for a manned spacecraft into the Earth s atmosphere and the consequences of failing to achieve this angle The Atmosphere Too Shallow satellite will skip off the atmosphere, back into space Too Steep too much heat, velocity, g-forces Optimum Angle (5.2⁰-7.2⁰) handy to remember range in exam questions 9 P age

4 HSC Physics Notes - Space 2.14 Identify data sources, gather, analyse and present information on the contribution of one of the following to the development of space exploration: Tsiolkovsky, Oberth, Goddard, Esnault-Pelterie, O Neill or von Braun Konstantin Eduardovic Tsiolkovsky was the Russian father of rocketry and played an important role in theorising the future of space travel. Tsiolkovsky had a driven interest in space travel and his contribution towards modern rocket design came as a result of him building the first Russian wind tunnel in Tsiolkovsky was the first scientist to suggest the concept of a multistage rocket system and also the idea of powering them by liquid oxygen and hydrogen fuel. Tsiolkovsky s contribution to rocket design also included the reclined seats to protect astronauts from the g-forces during launch. Tsiolkovsky was also the first to determine that the escape velocity for Earth was 8km/second which he proposed could be possible for his rocket design to get into orbit. Tsiolkovsky published over 500 works and was able to establish the ideal rocket equation which described the changing velocity of a rocket during flight due to the changing mass and forces of the rocket. The contributions made by Tsiolkovsky to rocket design and the physics and mathematics behind the flight of rockets is still evident in space travel today, making Tsiolkovsky a significant contributor to space research. 10 P age

5 Powered by TCPDF ( HSC Physics Notes - Space 3.3 Discuss the importance of Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation in understanding and calculating the motion of satellites Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation allowed us to understand: Orbital Velocity Since orbital velocity occurs when Fg=Fc, Newton s law allowed us to derive V Orbital = GM r allowing better understanding of satellite motion in orbit Kepler s Law Newton s law was used in the derivation of Kepler s law which allowed us to better understand the radius and periods of satellites in orbit. 3.4 Identify that a slingshot effect can be provided by planets for space probes Space probes use a gravitational slingshot where they utilise the gravity of planets to increase the speed as well as change direction, allowing for less fuel consumption. Behind (Same direction as planet s motion) Acceleration takes advantage of planet s orbital velocity Planet Probe Probe Planet Deceleration Front (Opposite direction as planet s motion) 12 P age