International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development

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1 Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF): 5.71 e-issn (O): p-issn (P): International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Volume 5, Issue 10, October ZIGBEE BASED PARAMETER MONITORING USING MATLAB, PROTECTION & CONTROLLING OF INDUCTION MOTOR 1 Nevil Jacob, 2 Deebu NR, 3 Haritha Haridas, 4 Sikha Kishore, 5 Vishnu VG 1 Electrical&Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering Chengannur 2 Electrical&Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering Chengannur 3 Electrical&Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering Chengannur 4 Electrical&Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering Chengannur 5 Electrical&Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering Chengannur Abstract Automation has become a necessity for the industries. Induction Motors are imperative in many industries. Due to which industrial automation is required for precise and accurate operation. This paper proposes a wireless control and monitoring system using MATLAB of an induction motor based on Zigbee communication protocol for safe and economic data communication in industrial areas where the wired communication is restricted due to physical conditions. Transducers and sensors are used to monitor the parameters of the induction machine and transmit the data through Zigbee Protocol. A microcontroller based system is used for collecting and storing data and accordingly generating control signal to automatically start or stop the induction machine wirelessly through computer interface developed with Zigbee. Hence the protection of Induction Motor is also possible from over-current, higher temperature in windings, high/low voltages. Keywords- Induction Machine, Zigbee Protocol, Sensors, Wireless control and Monitoring System I. INTRODUCTION Singlejphase and threeeinductionkmachines are extremelykpopular inkindustries owingkto their immense applications, therefore it becomes necessary to shield them against faults and guarantees-uninterrupted-operation-and functioning. Numerous parameter controlling and monitoring systems areatheresfor alternative kindsof machines, howev er justincase ofinductionmachinethe controlling and monitoring systems don't seem to be extensively used which is due to the high cost of installation and physical constraints. Thus on overcome the constraints in controlling and monitoring, Zigbee based System is employed that makes it cost - effective and simple. To start out with, initially we must always recognize what Zigbee Protocol is, Zigbee is wireless communication device like Bluetooth and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Basic distinction between Zigbee and alternative communication protocol is that all Zigbee devices rely on each other s traffic, bypassing the wired network entirely. Whereas Bluetooth devices connect to another wireless that acts as a hub and WLAN devices connect directly to an access point, which is wired to the enterprise network using Ethernet. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) developed standards and helped the assembly of Zigbee protocol and devices that support this protocol. The demerit of using traditional systems is that it increases the cost whereas digital systems has lower cost. The basic structure of Zigbee based parameter monitoring and controlling system consists of an Arduino microcontroller board, Zigbee device, Induction Motor and MATLAB software for viewing the graphs and values. In addition these various other sensors are used for measuring the parameters. Wireless sensor network (WSN) system are self driven and operate unattended and also adaptive to the environment. II. ABOUT ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY 2.1 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK Wireless sensor network systems are autonomous and operate manually and also adaptive to the situation. The Zigbee system used for monitoring purpose will not only reduce the overall cost in terms of facilities setup and cost of labour, but also provide adaptability to the system in terms of distance or location. So these systems are profusely used in hospitals, military, home and commercial areas. Based on these aspects the Zigbee becomes the basic standard intended for low cost devices in automation, computer peripherals and home controls. Zigbee standard performs best at industrial environments the fundamental design and implementation of WSN featuring a high power transmission Zigbee based technology. The developed platform is cost-effective and allows easily to WSN systems and as well as the effect on reducing energy consumption. 2.2 ZIGBEE NETWORK S TRUCTURES There are basically three network topologies that can be used. These are Star Network, Cluster-Tree Network and Mesh Network. Various topologies built up by Zigbee devices like star topology, cluster tree topology and mesh network. For every network topologies, there would be only one administrator in each network. In star topology there All rights Reserved 48

2 an administrator which is responsible for all networks. All other devices are back-end devices and directly communicate with the administrator. This topology is suitable for networks with a common and centralized device and for time critical applications. Next is the cluster tree network where administer are even responsible for the Network initiating and maintenance. However, routers could be used to protract the network. Routers control the data flow by using hierarchical routing strategies in the network. It may also imply a beacon enabled network that is defined in IEEE for periodical data transmission. In mesh network the administrator is also responsible for the network initiating and maintenance. Here also, routers can be used to extend the network. A mesh network allows full P2P communication. III. MONITORING AND CONTROLLING SCHEME The section deals with the briefing of the monitoring and controlling scheme of induction machine. The whole system is differentiated into two sections- transmitter and receiver. In the transmitter section a network of sensors and transducers are used to monitor the risky parameters such as voltage, current, temperature of stator winding and vibration of the machine. The monitoring data is continuously and simultaneously fed to the Arduino micro-controller. This data is transmitted efficiently and smoothly to the receiver section using the wireless Zigbee Protocol (IEEE Standards). The Arduino at the transmitting end is so programmed that if the monitoring parameters of induction machine come out of the predetermined threshold or safety limit, a high signal will be generated by the Arduino microcontroller which will energize the relay circuit and hence the contractor cuts the mains supply to the induction machine. TRANSMITTER SECTION RECEIVER SECTION Figure.1: Block Diagram of Monitoring and Controlling of Induction Machine The data received at the receiver section is transferred to computer system through MAX232 interface. Thus a continuous and safe monitoring of the parameters of induction machine can be done from a location far away from the actual site. If the user wants anytime to start or stop the induction machine, a signal will be given by the control centre(computer) which is present at the receiver end, which is communicated to the transmitter end using Zigbee protocol. In turn the Arduino micro-controller unit present at the plant site, generates a signal which energizes /de-energizes the relay circuit to stop/start the induction machine respectively. Thus this system not only monitors the operation of induction machine but also protects it from severe faults that could occur. IV. HARDWARE DESIGN This section gives the hardware description of the elements making up the Monitoring and controlling system of the single phase induction machine with Zigbee connectivity. The hardware design mainly divided into two modules: All rights Reserved 49

3 a) Transmitter Module b) Receiver Module a) The transmitter module comprises of: 4.1. SENSOR AND TRANSDUCER UNIT The Unit consists of few sensors and transducers used to monitor the predetermined parameters of the induction motor. In this work, we mainly monitor four parameters of the induction machine which are Voltage, Current, Temperature of Stator Windings and Vibration VOLTAGE MONITORING Voltage Sensor Rectifier and filter circuits are used to convert AC voltage into proportional DC Voltage. For low AC voltage (millivolt) measurement precision rectifier is used as diode knee voltage (0.7 Volt). Here for DC voltage measurement Voltage divider is constructed using 47K Ohm variable resistor. A 5V Zener diode is used to protect Arduino from accidental excess voltages. To Calibrate the voltage the resistor R 1 (47K) is adjusted. The AC voltage is given to the transformer. The Rectified DC is fed to the voltage divider circuit, by proper adjustment of resistor R 1 proper readings are taken. Figure.2: Voltage Sensing Circuit. Example: When AC Voltage is 250V we get 5V output. Calibrating formula: AC Voltage = (250/1024) ADC Value (ADC Analog to Digital Converter) In case of fluctuating voltage reading, the value of capacitor C 1 is changed from 1uF to 10uF CURRENT MONITORING Current Sensor (ACS 712) The ACS712 provides precise and economical solutions for AC or DC current sensing in industrial, commercial, and communications systems. The device is a precise, low-offset, linear Hall sensor circuit with a copper conduction path located close to the surface. Applied current flowing through this copper conduction path generates a magnetic field which is sensed by the integrated Hall-effect IC and is converted into a proportional voltage. The output of the device has a positive slope when an increasing current flows through the primary copper conduction path which is the path for current sensing. The conductive path s internal resistance is 1.2 m, hence providing low power loss. Figure.3: Current Sensor (ACS 712) TEMPERATURE MONITORING Temperature Sensor (LM 35) The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature devices which has an output voltage linearlyproportional to the centigrade temperature. The LM35 device does not require any external calibration or trimming All rights Reserved 50

4 provide typical accuracies at room temperature over a full 55 o C to 150 o C temperature range. It can be glued or cemented onto a surface and its temperature will be within 0.01C range of the surface temperature. The LM 35, is kept at the same temperature as the subject. Easiest way to do this, is to cover up these wires with a bead of epoxy which will ensure that the leads and wires are all at the same temperature as the surface. Also, the LM35 can be mounted on the interior of a sealed-end metal tube, and can then be dipped into a bath or screwed into a threaded hole in a tank. The LM35 and accompanying wiring and circuits should be kept dry and insulated, so as to avoid leakage and corrosion VIBRATION MONITORING Vibration Sensor (ADXL 335) The ADXL335 vibration sensor is a small, thin, low power, complete 3-axis accelerometer with signal conditioned voltage outputs. The product can measure acceleration with a minimum full-scale range of 3g. It can measure the static acceleration of gravity of tilt-sensing applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion, shock, or vibration. The C X, C Y, and C Z capacitors at the X OUT, Y OUT and Z OUT pins allows the user to choose the bandwidth. The output signals are analog voltages which are proportional to acceleration. Figure.3: Vibration Sensor ADXL335 The sensor is basically a poly-silicon surface-micro machined structure mounted on a silicon wafer. Poly-silicon springs suspend the structure over the surface of the wafer and provide a resistance towards any acceleration forces. Deflection of the structure is measured by a differential capacitor that has fixed plates and plates attached to the moving mass. The fixed plates are initiated by 180 o out-of-phase square waves. Acceleration deflects the moving mass thus unbalancing the differential capacitor resulting in a sensor output whose amplitude is proportional to acceleration. Phase-sensitive demodulation techniques are employed to figure out the direction and magnitude of acceleration. The demodulated output is amplified and brought off-chip through a 32K resistor. By adding a capacitor the user can set the signal bandwidth of the device. 4.2 MICROCONTROLLER UNIT The Arduino Uno provide 14 digital I/O pins, six of which can produce pulse-width modulated signals, and six analog inputs, which can also be used as six digital I/O pins. The pins are mounted on the board, via female 0.1-inch (2.54 mm) headers. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion shields or other circuits. The board has serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB), which can be used for loading programs from system. Arduino s are basically programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C and C++. The microcontroller can use the traditional compiler tool-chains, or the integrated development environment (IDE) based on the processing language project. Figure.4: Arduino All rights Reserved 51

5 4.3 ZIGBEE TRANSMITTER MODULE The X-Bee RF Modules are designed to operate in ZigBee protocol and support the unique needs of low-cost, low-power wireless sensor networks. The modules require low power and provide proper delivery of data between distant devices. The modules work within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency band. It operates in the range of meters. The receiver module consists of X-Bee RF module which is connected to computer system through MAX232. Thus the monitoring data received by ZigBee module is directly transferred to system and the graphs are monitored using MATLAB. Figure.5: Transmitting Section with Zigbee Module b) Receiver Module: The receiver section consists of a ZigBee module which is programmed as a receiver and a PC. The data that is received at the receiving end is transferred to the system through MAX 232 interface. Therefore a continuous monitoring of parameters and controlling of induction machine can be done from a distant location far away from the actual working location. Figure.6: Receiving All rights Reserved 52

6 Receiving section consist of basically two components, a ZigBee module and a PC. The ZigBee module is made to work as the receiver for the monitored values which are send from the transmitting section. The values are serially received and passed on to the PC. With the help of GUI (Graphical User Interface) in MATLAB the received values are represented both graphically and numerically. The operator can thus analyze the values whether it exceeds the safe limit or not. The relay circuit can be operated both manually and automatically. If the operator is observing then the relay can be operated manually. By making the system automatic the operator does not want to be in front of PC since the relay cuts automatically if safe limit is exceeded. V. SOFTWARE 5.1. X-CTU SOFTWARE X-CTU is a Windows based software by Digi. This program was designed to interact with the firmware files found on Digi s RF products and to mega ranges of Arduino microcontrollers, thus offering much larger program space. The Arduino includes a large 32kb of program flash memory, which will be more than adequate on foremost applications. The board consists of a crystal oscillator of 16MHz frequency. It consists of a relay switch and Zigbee Module interfacing which provide a simple-to-use graphical user interface. The module s baudrate, channel number, and network ID etc. can be configured by sending the set of AT commands to the X-Bee Module using the X-CTU software. The Test / Query button is used for selecting the COM port and PC settings. The Host Setup tab would allow the user to configure how the X-CTU program has to interface with a radio s firmware. Figure.7. X-CTU setup 5.2. MATLAB GUI Figure.8. Remote Configuration view on X-CTU software Figure.9. MATLAB All rights Reserved 53

7 MATLAB contains built-in functionality to help you create the GUI for your app programmatically. You can add dialog boxes, user interface controls (such as push buttons and sliders), and containers (such as panels and button groups). For more control over design and development, you can also create MATLAB code that defines all component properties and behaviors. VI. RESULT In the fig 10A, 10B, it shows the graph of Winding Temperature vs Samples. While Monitoring, if the winding temperature exceeds 47 o C automatic Shut-OFF is initiated. Figure.10A. Monitoring winding Temperature Figure.10B. Monitoring winding Temperature In the fig.11, it shows the graph of Degree of Vibration (Angle) vs Time. Figure.11. Monitoring Vibration of Induction Machine VI. CONCLUS ION With the assistance of this study, a parameter monitoring system for induction machines supported with Zigbee protocol is achieved and tested with success. The system is capable to perform operations such as running the motor though RF, stopping it, measuring, monitoring and controlling the most parameters of the motor like phase currents, phase voltages, speed, wiring temperature. All of these values can be transferred to the host system, displayed on the interface, represented graphically; Monitoring and controlling the imperative parameters of the induction motors were examined and achieved in various ways. The ZigBee technology is a new wireless protocol that is employed for communication. This protocol is widely used in various areas for its higher reliability, low power consuming profile, excellent capability, high flexibility and low cost. Thus it s quite useful to embed the ZigBee protocol into the WSN system that is widely applied now in each area. The system so achieved can often be used for industrial applications. The complete system is quite very helpful to colleges and research institutes that have vocational, technical, and industrial All rights Reserved 54

8 VII. FUTURE WORK This work can further be modified for monitoring and controlling various other parameters of induction motor. In addition, the proposed system has limited range due to ZigBee hence using GSM and Wi-Fi would increase the range. REFERENCES [1] Annie.P.Oommen, Athira.K, Farsana.P.S, Merry Maria Abraham, Mithuna Anuraj Zigbee Based Parameter Monitoring System for Induction Motor International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 4, Issue 4, April [2] Arun Nadh, Lakshmi Praba N Automatic speed and torque monitoring in induction motors using ZigBee and SMS, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Computing, Communication and Nanotechnology (ICECCN 2013). [3] Carl J. Dister and Rich Schiferl Using Temperature, Voltage, and/orspeed Mea-surements to Improve Trending of Induction Motor RMS Currents in Process Con-trol and Diagnostics,IEEE Transactions on IndustryApplications,Vol.52,no.9,pp ,October All rights Reserved 55