Technical Description

Transcription

1 Technical Description WIDHOP High Capacity Ethernet over Radio System Release 4.1 TED ZZZA500062AB PN A Ed. 01 February 13, 2013 Copyright (C) LinKra Networks 2013 a COMPEL GROUP COMPANY Technical modifications are possible. Technical specifications and features are binding only insofar as they are specifically and expressly agreed upon in a written contract. All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from LinKra Networks. Other product and brand names are trademarks of their respective owners. ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 page 1 of 95

2 Contents 1 Foreword Customer documentation organization Handbook applicability Purpose of the document Handbook structure Regulatory issues Handbook history System Description General Network application Overview of main product features User Traffic Interfaces Management Interfaces Use of Unlicensed Bands (only with ETSI configuration) Selection of the Radio Channel in the Unlicensed Bands Equipment architecture General system block diagram ODU (Outdoor Unit) description PoE Injector characteristics Ethernet Cable ODU-to-ODU Cable FO Cable Power Copper Cable System configurations terminal (High Capacity Data Link) HSB terminal (Protected High Capacity Data Link) XPIC/FD terminal (Dual High Capacity Data Link XPIC or FD) Dual Channel Operation Operation with L1 Link Aggregation SD terminal (Space Diversity High Capacity Data Link) Radio Transmission features Frequency agility Bandwidth agility Transmit power control: static (RTPC) and automatic (ATPC) ATPC feature RTPC feature Modulation and Adaptive Modulation Tests and Loops User Traffic Features Ethernet Services with PoE Injector Quality of Service VLAN Management IVL (Independent VLAN Learning) Management of Multicast frames Licenses Capacity License Adaptive Modulation License XPIC License Equipment control and management System management by CT Page 2 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

3 2.6.2 System management by OS Management interfaces Synchronous Ethernet (SynchE) features ODU Clock Transparency with PoE interface operating as GE ODU Clock Transparency with PoE interface operating as FE Clock Specifications SynchE Alarms and Monitoring SSM management Physical Composition and Configurations Configurations and Documents - Part Numbers External Interfaces ODU External Interfaces ODU Signal interface Receive Signal Strength Indicator Antenna Interface ODU-to-ODU Channel FO Cable Interface Power Copper Cable Interface PoE external interfaces ODU GE interface (Ethernet Cable) User Ethernet 1000Base-T Interface (UNI) Power Interface from Battery Technical Specifications General information General System Characteristics Traffic Characteristics User Data Traffic Characteristics Ethernet Latency (Transmission Delay) RF characteristics RF Characteristics ETSI Setting RF Characteristics ANSI Setting Tx Emission Masks (FCC) Modem characteristics Baseband and RF connections Ethernet Cable (PoE Injector to ODU) Antenna characteristics Man Machine Interface Alarms and Housekeeping Connector Power supply characteristics Mechanical characteristics Electromagnetic compatibility / Safety Environmental conditions Maintenance Maintenance policy Maintenance tools and spare parts Software tools Maintenance toolkit Spare parts policy Spare parts quantity General rules on spare parts management First level maintenance First level maintenance personnel skills Craft terminal (CT): commonly used commands ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 3 of 95

4 5.4 Second level maintenance Second level maintenance personnel skills Routine maintenance Corrective maintenance General flow chart Alarm acknowledgement Troubleshooting via craft terminal Replacement of Parts in case of faults Inventory data Faulty unit repair and repair form Safety Rules and Precautions First Aid for Electric Shocks Artificial Respiration Treatment of Burns Safety Rules General Rules Warnings for the electrical safety Microwave radiations Dangerous materials ESDS Precautions List of abbreviations Page 4 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

5 Figures Figure 2-1: WIDHOP System Configuration Figure 2-2 : WIDHOP Application schemes Figure 2-3: Reference Configuration Figure 2-4: General WIDHOP Block Diagram (ODU and O-ODU variants) Figure 2-5: ODU picture Figure 2-6: ODU mechanical overview Figure 2-7 : ODU block diagram Figure 2-8: ODU-to-ODU Cable Figure 2-9: O-ODU FO Cable Figure 2-10 : Power Copper Cable Figure 2-11 : 1+0 High Capacity Data Link block diagram Figure 2-12: 1+1 HSB Protected High Capacity Data Link block diagram Figure 2-13: 2+0 XPIC Dual High Capacity Data Link block diagram Figure 2-14: 1+1 SD Dual High Capacity Data Link block diagram Figure 2-15: ATPC function block diagram Figure 2-16: ATPC algorithm Figure 2-17: IPv6 address formats (manual and SLAAC) Figure 2-18: Clock Transparency on the ODU (GE) Figure 2-19: Clock Transparency on the ODU (FE) Figure 3-1: ODU cabinet with external interfaces Figure 4-1: ETSI EN System block diagram Figure 4-2: Tx Timing Figure 4-3 : FCC Tx Emission Masks Figure 5-1: Corrective maintenance general flow chart Figure 6-1: Artificial respiration procedure (1/4) Figure 6-2: Artificial respiration procedure (2/4) Figure 6-3: Artificial respiration procedure (3/4) Figure6-4: Artificial respiration procedure (4/4) ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 5 of 95

6 Tables Table 2-1: Port Configuration options Table 2-2: Capacity License type available for WIDHOP Table 2-3: Management interfaces, protocol stacks and access levels Table 2-4: Timing Configurations on the ODU Table 2-5: Clock Specifications with SynchE enabled Table 3-1: System Documents List Table 3-2: SWP Part Number Table 3-3: ODU TX RX Band (6L ) Table 3-4: ODU TX RX Band (6U ) Table 3-5: ODU TX RX Band (7 ) Table 3-6: ODU TX RX Band (8 ) Table 3-7: ODU TX RX Band (10.5 ) Table 3-8: ODU TX RX Band (11 ) Table 3-9: ODU TX RX Band (13 ) Table 3-10: ODU TX RX Band (15 ) Table 3-11: ODU TX RX Band (17 ) Table 3-12: ODU TX RX Band (18 ) Table 3-13: ODU TX RX Band (23 ) Table 3-14: ODU TX RX Band (24 ) Table 3-15: ODU TX RX Band (32 ) Table 3-16: ODU TX RX Band (38 ) Table 3-17: ODU Signal Interface (RJ45 waterproof connector) Table 3-18: RSSI interface characteristics Table 3-19: ODU-to-ODU Interface (RJ45 waterproof connector) Table 3-20: User/Network Interface 1000Base-T: pin assignment Table 4-1: General System Features Table 4-2: Gross Bit Rate on the Radio Channel Table 4-3: Max Available throughput (ETSI and ANSI Setting) Table 4-4: Transmission delay of an Ethernet frame in a link Table 4-5: Standard References Table 4-6: System RF characteristics Transmitter Table 4-7: System RF characteristics Receiver Table 4-8: System BER=10-6 (equiv. FER=5x10-4 ) (ETSI) Table 4-9: Guaranteed Rx Sensitivity BER=10-6 (ETSI 15 ) Table 4-10: Guaranteed Rx Sensitivity BER=10-6 (ETSI, >15 ) Table 4-11: C/I (db) for BER Co-channel interference (1 db degradation) Table 4-12: C/I (db) for BER Co-channel interference (3 db degradation) Table 4-13: C/I (db) for BER 10-6 First Adjacent Channel interference (1 db degr.) Table 4-14: C/I (db) for BER 10-6 First Adjacent Channel interference (3 db degr.) Table 4-15: a) Signal Mask: parameters definition and analyzer settings (ETSI- 7/14/28/56 MHz Channels) Table 4-16: b) Signal Masks for Channel Spacing and Modulation Table 4-17: a) Signal Mask: parameters definition and analyzer settings Table 4-18: b) Signal Masks for 40 MHz Channel Spacing and Modulation (ETSI) Table 4-19: System BER=10-6 (equiv. FER=5x10-4 ) (ANSI) Table 4-20: Guaranteed Rx Sensitivity BER=10-6 (ANSI) Table 4-21: Modem characteristics Page 6 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

7 Table 4-22: Ethernet Interface characteristics Table 4-23: IDU-ODU Cable and Connection Table 4-24: Antenna Gain Table 4-25: RF Antenna Interface Table 4-26: Man Machine Interface characteristics Table 4-27: Power Primary Source Table 4-28: Power Consumption (Typical) Table 4-29: Specifications for Power from the PoE Injector Table 4-30: Mechanical characteristics Table 4-31: Electromagnetic compatibility and safety standards Table 4-32: Environmental Conditions Table 5-1: Inventory data list Table 5-2: Repair Form ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 7 of 95

8 1 Foreword 1.1 Customer documentation organization The Customer Documentation for WIDHOP Rel 4.1 High Capacity Ethernet over Radio System is subdivided into the following documents: ZZZA500062AB PNA Technical Description (TED) The Technical Description TED gives an overview of the application, composition, performance, features, interfaces, functions and maintenance of the WIDHOP product. It also contains the most important technical data. The Technical Description does not contain any instructions to be carried out. ZZZA500063AB PPA Installation and Test Manual (ITMN) The Installation and Test Manual ITMN contains instructions about mounting, connecting and commissioning the WIDHOP product, connecting and commissioning the CT operating terminals. Any work using the Installation and Test Manual ITMN presumes knowledge of the Operator s Manual OMN. ZZZA500064AB PQA Operator s Manual (OMN) The Operator s Manual document provides information on how to operate, monitor and maintain the WIDHOP product using the Element Manager software (Application Software) running on the CT operating terminal. In addition to Graphical User Interface (GUI) window descriptions and task instructions, the Operator s Manual describes remedial actions to be followed in the case of alarms. However not all the information are present in the manuals, so are available annexes that contain the Ordering Codes and Technical Characteristics subdivided as follows: ZZZB500331AA PWA Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 ZZZB500332AA PWA Annex 2: ACCESSORY WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 ZZZB500333AA PWA Annex 3: ANTENNA WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 ZZZB500334AA PWA Annex 4: LICENSE WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 ZZZB500212AA PLA Annex 5 Flanges for WIDHOP products Page 8 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

9 1.2 Handbook applicability This handbook is applicable to the products of the WIDHOP series listed in Table Purpose of the document The document aims at providing a set of technical information about WIDHOP series to be used by the customer together with the other manuals (Installation and Test Manual and Operator s Manual) to carry out installation, commissioning and maintenance activities in the most effective way. The handbook provides the following information: System description with reference to hardware and software implementation Technical specifications Operative hardware instructions Spare parts provisioning Routine maintenance and corrective maintenance procedures 1.4 Handbook structure The handbook is structured in four basic parts: Handbook guide part providing information about the document (chap. 1) System description part dealing with product description and technical characteristics (chap ) Maintenance part dedicated to information useful for maintenance purposes (chap. 5) Safety Recommendation and rules summarized in chap. 6 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 9 of 95

10 1.5 Regulatory issues Hereby, Linkra S.r.l, declares that this WIDHOP system is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. The declaration of conformity may be consulted at: Equipment marking (CE-Marking, NB-Identification Number, Alert-sign). All the equipment except the WIDHOP 917 are marked as follow: WIDHOP 917 is marked as follow: Handbook history In this paragraph there is shown the history of technical handbook document across the successive editions with reference to the main chapters. Cpt Handbook edition Foreword n 2 System description n 3 Physical composition and configurations n 4 Technical specifications n 5 Maintenance n 6 Safety rules and precautions n 7 List of abbreviations n Legenda: n=new part m = modified part blank= unchanged part Page 10 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

11 2 System Description 2.1 General The Linkra Networks WIDHOP radio is a family of Short Haul High Capacity Microwave Radio systems designed for reliable point-to-point transmission. The product is conceived to achieve the following fundamental objectives: Provision of a very cost effective solution Low power consumption Environmental care High integration and compactness thanks to the massive use of new technologies High reliability Very simplified Operation & Maintenance (in order to avoid heavy training for the maintenance personnel) A wide range of frequency bands from 6U up to 42 is supported making the product suitable either for dense areas in case of very high frequencies with possibility of frequency reuse in the area and very short hauls or in rural areas in case of lower frequencies and longer hops. The system is designed to support a wide range of system configurations, data rates and frequency bands. WIDHOP has been conceived using a full outdoor approach with an ODU (Out Door Unit) including system control, base band processing and modem, RF transceivers. (see Fig. 2-1). USER/NETWORK USER/NETWORK PoE injector -48 VDC User/Network Interface (GE) User/Network Interface (GE) Ethernet Cable WIDHOP Power Cable FO Cable WIDHOP ODU O-ODU RF Signal In the Air RF Signal In the Air Figure 2-1: WIDHOP System Configuration ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 11 of 95

12 The ODU is directly connected to an Endpoint or Mid-span PoE injector, with a GE interface to the customer s equipment and providing the PoE functionality (capable to assure at least 40 W power feeding) (see Fig. 2-1). Mid-span PoE injector can be powered by either mains ( VAC) or battery (-48 VDC). WIDHOP is designed to operate in compliance with both ETSI and ANSI standards. The type of operation is configured in the factory installing the suitable configuration file according to the market to be served. Here below a picture of the WIDHOP equipment is shown. ODU with Integrated antenna and pole mounting Starting from rel. 4.1, a modified variant (O-ODU) is available. It supports the PoE GE interface to the PoE injector and additionally an optical interface (SFP cage) to the network and separate power (-48 VDC) interface. Two payload interfaces can be both used to carry Ethernet traffic. They are configured separately while the power for the ODR may be fed from both the PoE injector or from the separate power interface. The power feeding choice depends on the installation needs. Main benefits for the O-ODU optical solution are: - Support for longer distance between cabinet and ODU: up to 300 m - Immunity to Ethernet cable interference at broadcasting sites Availability of two additional GE User ports in O-ODU enables: - Traffic separation at aggregation sites (VLAN tagging required) E.g., traffic from multiple customers or access Technologies (3G, 4G/LTE) collected at the site may be directly routed via ODU GE interfaces, tagged ( coloured ) and transported using the microwave link without the need for additional switching device at the site. - Support for Out-of-Band Management For network architectures/policies that require physical separation between the payload and management traffic, two separate Ethernet cables may be used for connecting ODU and the User Network. Page 12 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

13 In general, at sites where there is a direct traffic input to the radio, the 2nd GE port enables local connectivity for installation and maintenance purposes. Some application schemes are detailed in the Fig ODU Standard Config. O-ODU Merging Two Customers Traffic Flows. O-ODU Separate power feed: optical and electrical O-ODU O-ODU Dedicated Out-of-Band Local Management interface O-ODU Figure 2-2 : WIDHOP Application schemes ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 13 of 95

14 2.1.1 Network application WIDHOP addresses several types of network applications as: Backhaul applications in 2G/3G/4G cellular networks providing interconnection to BTS or equivalent equipment. Due to its large capacity it can replace SDH/SONET-based aggregation links or rings. Basic access applications in public networks where high traffic capacity is required Implementation of private networks for connectivity of campuses, universities, hospitals, headquarters and branch offices Overview of main product features Frequency bands : 6U, 7, 8, 10.5, 11, 13, 15, 17 (unlicensed), 18, 23, 24 (unlicensed), 32, 38 Traffic capacity from 10 to 417 Mbps throughput Frequency and Capacity agility ETSI (7, 14, 28, 40, 56 MHz) and ANSI (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 MHz) radio channels Modulation Agility (4, 16, 32, 64,128, 256, 512, 1024 QAM) FEC coding for improved RX threshold performance Adaptive Modulation configurable by Operator: the modulation level is automatically adjusted to the quality of the Rx signal. Compact ODU. Integrated and separated antenna Easy configuration for operation with vertical or horizontal polarization Single multipolar commercial cable between ODU and PoE (standard length 100 m) FO cable between ODU and the Ethernet Customer s Equipment and separate copper cable for power (max. recommended length 300 m.) (only with O-ODU). ATPC and RTPC FE/GE 100/1000T User Interface with autonegotiation on PoE GE 1000Base-SX User Interface in case of O-ODU QoS: management of four priority queues according to CoS or DSCP Highest queue configurable as Strict Priority User friendly Craft Terminal (CT) based on WEB browser Remote Craft Terminal connected via IP Network IPv4 and IPv6 stacks support Enhanced network management capabilities (embedded SNMP agent) Software download capabilities through CT or remote OS Support for 1+1 HSB and 2+0 Co-channel operation with XPIC to achieve double density links in a single frequency channel configuration. Enhanced Tx power predistortion User Traffic Interfaces WIDHOP provides as traffic User interface a Giga Ethernet (GE) Interface according to IEEE with PoE. With the O-ODU version there is supported in addition a GE 1000Base SX interface and the GE 1000Base-T interface with PoE on the base container is still supported: traffic can be routed via both interfaces. The two interfaces can be managed individually by using the Ethernet Interface window of the LCT. Page 14 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

15 2.1.4 Management Interfaces Management information is carried and achievable through the same User Traffic Interface using a dedicated IP address. IPv4 and IPv6 are both supported. Detailed information about user traffic interfaces and additional interfaces are given in chapter Use of Unlicensed Bands (only with ETSI configuration) When configured to operate according to the ETSI standards, it is supported the use of WIDHOP 917 and WIDHOP 924 in the unlicensed frequency bands 17,1 17,3 and 24,00 24,25 in EU countries according to the relevant regulations: specifically they must conform to the applicable regulations for the Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) and therefore the Max allowed Transmit Power is equal to EIRP limit - antenna gain + cable loss. Limits of EIRP and applicable regulations are shown on ERC/REC 70-03: 100mw (+ 20dBm) for frequency band 17,10 17,30 and 24,00 24,25 Operators should note that regulations are subject to change. In order to be compliant with such regulations Linkra strongly suggests to use antennas with diameter equal or less than 0.3m (1ft). In case of 24 the max antenna diameter recommended is 0.2 m. WIDHOP 917 equipment may be used in the following EU states and EFTA countries: AUT, BEL, BUL, CZE, DNK, EST, FIN, GRC, ISL, IRL, I, LVA, LIE, LTU, LUX, MLT, HOL, NOR, POL, POR, ROU, SUI, S, (HNG, planned). WIDHOP 924 equipment may be used in the following EU states and EFTA countries: AUT, BEL, BUL, CZE, CYP, DNK, EST, FIN, D, GRC, HNG, ISL, IRL, I, LVA, LIE, LTU, LUX, MLT, HOL, NOR, POL, POR, ROU, SVK, SVN, E, SUI, S, (F, G, limited implementation). (Annexes 1 & 3: date 7 May 2012) Selection of the Radio Channel in the Unlicensed Bands In the unlicensed band 17 and 24 there is no standard band channelization and Tx frequencies in the two directions are free and should be selected to have the minimum interference from other radio systems possibly operating in the same area (best operating condition). For these bands there is no Tx/Rx Spacing relationship between the frequencies in the two directions (i.e. between Tx and Rx frequencies in the terminal) and therefore the system allows to define them independently within the allowable Tx and Rx bands imposed by the diplexer (see OMN par. 2.8 Radio Interface window). In order to assist the system user to operate the radio link in the best condition, at the installation and whenever it is necessary to re-optimise the operation of the system, a specific SW application (Frequency Seeker - see OMN par ) is available on the CT within the same RF Interface Management window, helping the operator to identify the best frequencies to be used. By the button Radio Frequency Seeker the SW application for the selection of the operating frequency can be started and the relevant procedure can be summarized as follows: The Seeker Application can be started: o involving only the Local ODU to detect the interference situation in the station o or activated for the complete link to program in the best way both terminals. ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 15 of 95

16 In case a) all actions of the following procedure involving the remote terminal are skipped. A set of Tx and Rx frequencies is initially manually selected and configured on the local or both terminals (allowing in this case the system to communicate between the two stations, even if in a non-optimal condition but in the final needed capacity). When the Radio Frequency Seeker is started, automatically the Tx is shut down and Rx automatically sweeps the complete Rx band, recording for all possible radio channels (with the selected channel band and within the Rx band) the Rx power level due to the existing interference from other radio sources. Each measurement is performed 10 times and stored. In case b) this action is executed independently on both terminals. Once the recording is complete, the data of the Rx interference power collected are displayed to the operator on a Table (for each frequency min, mean and max values of the interference are reported). In case a) only local terminal values are shown. the frequency to be used in the two directions to minimize interference is selected automatically at the receiver using (from the Pmax table) the frequency presenting the lower power interference. In case of equal values the lower frequency is chosen. In case b) the link is automatically turned on again using the previous initial Tx configuration and if the operator decides to execute the selection, he clicks on the Apply Frequencies button and the Tx and Rx frequencies in both terminals are set to the selected values, making the link operating in the optimal condition. The procedure is over and the automatic selection is confirmed if demodulator alarms in the two terminals disappear within 60s. Otherwise the two terminals automatically switch back to the initial configuration. 2.2 Equipment architecture WIDHOP has been conceived using a full outdoor approach with an ODU (Out Door Unit) including both network interface, base band processing and transceivers extended from the very high frequencies (42 ) down to low frequencies (6U ). A PoE Injector, to be installed indoor, provides power and network interfaces for the system or the ODU can be directly connected to the user equipment supporting the suitable PoE functionality. The architecture has been designed to support both 1+0, 1+1 HSB and 2+0 (XPIC and FD) configurations. Between the ODU and PoE a single standard multi-polar cable carries the main traffic, the remote supply voltage and auxiliary information. The ODU is accommodated in a compact and weatherproof (IP65) cabinet and can optionally use a solar shield. The ODU is capacity independent and can be used either with integrated or separated antennas. The ODU can be installed on a standard pole or a wall. The system is specifically designed to be powered from battery (from -40.5V to -57.6V) but in case it is required to power the system by a.c. mains ( Vac) a suitable a.c PoE can be used.. In the following reference is made to the main typical configuration as shown in Fig Page 16 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

17 Local Terminal 100/1000 GE user interface IP Network PoE ODU TMN routed via IP network RCT routed via IP network WIDHOP Used as a High Capacity Data Link General system block diagram Radio Channel: 7/14/28/40/56 MHz (ETSI) 10/20/30/40/50/60 MHz (ANSI) TMN Network Figure 2-3: Reference Configuration The general system block diagram with reference to a High Capacity Data Link is shown in Fig For Standard 1+0 configuration only 1 ODU is used and the antenna is directly coupled to the RF output, in 1+1 and 2+0 configurations the two ODUs are coupled to the antenna by means of a coupler or orthomode transducer. In the following paragraphs a detailed description of the different units of the WIDHOP system is provided. OS ODU PoE IP Network Remote Terminal 100/1000 GE user interface ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 17 of 95

18 µp System Controller L2 SwitchL2 Switch GE PHY PoE Injector ODU O-ODU GE PHY Ethernet Cable PoE Ethernet Cable User Port GE IF & RFIF & RF Modem (FPGA) Power Supply IF & RF µp System Controller Modem (FPGA) Optical Daughter board User Port 1000 Base-Sx PoE DC L2 Switch Power Supply RF Coupler InterODU Cable RF Coupler IF & RF Modem (FPGA) Power Supply Power Feed (battery or mains) InterODU Cable 2-wire copper cable Power Feed (battery) Ethernet Cable µp System Controller L2 Switch GE PHY PoE Injector User Port GE O-ODU ODU IF & RF Modem (FPGA) Power Supply PoE DC µp System Controller L2 Switch Optical Daughter board User Port 1000Base-SX GE PHY Ethernet Cable Figure 2-4: General WIDHOP Block Diagram (ODU and O-ODU variants) Page 18 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

19 2.2.2 ODU (Outdoor Unit) description The ODU consists of an outdoor IP65 cabinet. The mechanical solution is common to all supported frequency bands that share also the same digital circuits and are differentiated only by the proper RF circuits. The O-ODU is implemented replacing the normal upper cover with a new different cover, which can be coupled with all ODU assemblies, providing the GE Optical for all bands. It s possible to replace faulty ODUs without changing antenna pointing. The main mechanical characteristics of the ODU are reported in Table In the Fig. 2-5 the ODU picture is shown. A mechanical view of the ODU with detailed dimensions is reported in Fig ODU (normal variant) Figure 2-5: ODU picture O-ODU (variant w/ optical interface) The ODU is designed to work without a solar shield, nevertheless it s possible to deliver a solar shield for some specific environments. With solar shield and a solar radiation of W/m 2, the max air temperature is reduced from 55 C to max 40 C, i.e. the solar shield protection is 15 C in the air temperature. Inside the ODU cabinet the following boards implement the ODU functions: Digital Section (DS) board with cable interface, power supply, Ethernet signal management, and modem. The controller is implemented on a daughter board of DS. This board is common to all frequency bands RF Board with clock generation and IF and RF analogue circuitry. This board is specific to individual frequency band. Optical Daughter board (used only for the O-ODU variant) hosting the O/E conversion and the Power filtering of the DC Power input ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 19 of 95

20 Side view Top view Bottom view Standard ODU Optical O-ODU Figure 2-6: ODU mechanical overview Page 20 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

21 OOC Cable OOC Drivers RF Rx Low Noise Amplifier Down Converter BB processing I/Q Rx DS Board A/D RS-CC Dec. QAM Dem. Modem (FPGA) PHY 1000T GE Transformers Protections RJ45 Connector Ethernet Cable GMAC SERDES GbE L2 Switch SGMII ACM FIFO MAC SERDES SGMII GMAC SERDES FO Cable Diplexer RF Loop Back Local Oscillators D/A RS-CC Cod. QAM Mod. MAC SFP O/E Conv. 25 MHz 125 MHz RF Port Micro Interf. SPI 25 MHz 100 MHz RF Tx Up Converter Power Amplifier I/Q Tx 125 MHz Parallel Bus Lighting prot. & EMI Filter IF Tx Timing & Clocks SynchE PLL Controller Baby Board System Controller (Microprocessor) RAM Flash Memory DC/DC Converter Power Supply Power Copper Cable RF Board V 1 V N Optical Daughter Board I2C Figure 2-7 : ODU block diagram ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 21 of 95

22 With reference to the block diagram of Fig. 2-7 the ODU functions are implemented in the following sub sections of the ODU boards: DS Board Cable interface: This subsection interfaces the cable from the PoE through the external RJ45 waterproof connector. It extracts the DC power to feed the ODU and implements the Ethernet PHY interface for the traffic signals which are interfaced via a SGMII interface to the L2 switch. To support SynchE operation, the PHY interface provides to the Modem (FPGA) the 25 MHz clock driving the Symbol rate on the radio link and receives a 125 MHz clock from the PLL. Protections for extra voltages are included. Details about the input cable are reported in par ODU power supply: DC power supply is directly supplied from the cable according to 802.3at PoE standards and provides DC/DC conversion to generate the local secondary voltages. In case of O-ODU the DC Power supply can be fed by the Power Copper cable on the Optical Daughter board. The two source can operate simultaneously. L2 GbE Switch: It is implemented by a commercial chip (Broadcom BCM5387) and provides all processing and bridging of the Ethernet frames flowing in the ODU and namely: o SGMII interface between PHY and MAC Controller on the GE stream from/to PoE.In case of O-ODU a second SGMII interface is used to interface the O/E conversion (SFP) on the Optical Daughter board. o FE interface to the System Controller o Routing of the Management frames to/from the Controller and Cable interface, based on MAC Address and optionally VLAN tag. o Bridging of the Management frames to/from the Controller, based on MAC Address and optionally VLAN tag, and SGMII interface of the Modem for transmission on the radio channel. o Bridging of Data Traffic frames from/to Cable Interface to/from SGMII interface to the Modem (FPGA). based on MAC Address and optionally VLAN Tag. This traffic is served by four priority queues implementing QoS based on 802.1p or DiffServ : the incoming frames from the Cable interface are buffered in the L2 Switch priority queues according to PCP or DSCP and the queues are emptied according to their priority. Alternatively a Flow Control mechanism based on PAUSE messages can be activated on the L2Switch towards the PoE. Because of the limited capacity available on the radio link a Flow Control is applied to stop forwarding frames from L2 Switch to FPGA when the Tx buffer of the modem is full: when the L2Switch queues are full the following incoming frames are discarded. o Management of QoS priority queues to get higher priority based on PCP (CoS) or DSCP information in the frame. Highest queue may be configured as Strict Priority. o Frames carrying TDM traffic are routed together with the other Data User traffic and can use one QoS priority queue to get higher priority versus data traffic Modem: It is implemented by a single FPGA (ALTERA EP2AGX95DF2515N extended temp range) which performs the following functions (see also Table 4-21): o SGMII-to-GMII and MAC blocks using commercial macros provided by ALTERA. A Tx buffer function is implemented in the MAC and PAUSE frames are generated to the L2Switch when Full threshold is reached. Standard Ethernet Counters of frames are supported in both directions, readable by the System Controller for Performance Monitoring. o Tx Radio Interface generates a continuous data flow at a fixed rate controlled by the AMC block and depending on the TX configuration. In the TX stream a Service Channel is embedded towards the companion terminal at the other end of the link carrying information related to AMC, ATPC operation, remote alarm and loop control. Page 22 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

23 o AMC (Adaptive Modulation Control) defines the actual transmission rate based on the Tx configuration received by the system controller and received signal quality of the radio channel (see par ). The two terminals, when Adaptive Modulation is active, are coordinated via the Service channel in order to allow an hitless switching between the different Modulation levels. The AMC for the two directions of the link are independent. o RS-CC Coder and QAM Modulator inserts the FEC (concatenated Reed-Solomon and Convolutional codes), executes scrambling and interleaving on the Tx stream and modulate the signal (QAM 4 to 1024 levels depending on AMC status). Digital Modulated Outputs I and Q are generated towards two D/A converters on the RF board. o QAM demodulation from the two I and Q Digital signals received from the A/D converters on the RF board. The received signal quality (MSE) is evaluated from the demodulator and communicated to AMC. From MSE two BER alarm indications are communicated to the System Controller. o Error correction is implemented by two levels of coding: A Convolutional code (R= 0.8; R=0.67 for 1024 QAM) RS (241,252) code o RX Radio Interface block extracts the Service Channel and forwards the received Ethernet frames to the MAC interfacing the L2Switch. Data from the Service Channel are made available to the System Controller via the Micro Interface o Micro Interface supports communication between the Micro Controller and internal FPGA registers as well as downloading of the FPGA code and initialization procedures. o Clock and Timing function provides for the timing signal required internally and externally to the FPGA. To allow for the SynchE operation a PLL is implemented partly in the FPGA and partly in the Timing&Clock block,to lock a 125 MHz local reference frequency to the Symbol rate on the radio link. o Interfaces (SERDES) at 1.6 Gbps for the ODU-to-ODU Channel (OOC). D/A and A/D converters: they implement the conversion of the digital signals (12 bits) out/to the modem to the analogue I and Q to/from the IF Tx and Rx sections on the RF board. OOC Drivers for the Inter ODU ODU-to-ODU Channel Timing&Clock: by this block there are generated the clocks required for the operation of the DS board: o Local 25 MHz and 125 MHz used by FPGA and L2 GbE Switch o 125 MHz locked to the Radio Symbol rate (PLL), to support SynchE operation and including the holdover functionality System Controller: it is implemented by a baby board assembled to the DS board including the micro processor (PowerPC Core), its RAM (32 MB) and permanent memory (Flash 64MB)) and the controllers of the communication busses to the other sections of the ODU. It is in charge to control the operation of the system. The main functions are: o Set the configuration of the system according to the operator s commands, related both to data traffic and RF set-up o Manage the CT and OS interface o Supervise the system operation collecting alarms, performances and quality data, o Maintaining the log of events to facilitate system maintenance o Support SW download to upgrade on line the system The Controller has a dedicated port for debugging purposes RF Board (one type per Frequency Band) The implementation of the RF board is dependent on the specific Radio frequency Band supported. A typical functional description is as follows. Local Oscillator (LO): It generates the RF clock required for up and down conversion of the baseband signal to RF. Three independent clocks are generated: o Fixed frequency LO to up-convert to the baseband Tx signal to the Tx IF frequency ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 23 of 95

24 o Programmable Tx LO to up-convert the IF Tx to the actual RF Tx frequency. This value is SW programmable (Tx frequency agility) o Programmable Rx LO to down-convert the RF Tx to Base band. actual RF Tx frequency. The frequency value is SW programmable (Rx frequency agility) IF Tx: by this sections I and Q components of the Tx modulated signal are combined, upconverted to the IF Tx frequency, linearly amplified and filtered before being passed to RF. RF Tx: the IF Tx signal is up-converted to the output Tx frequency and amplified by a power amplifier (with AGC) at the output level (SW programmable - ATPC /RTPC control). The RF signal is coupled to the output port of the diplexer and via a coupler is sent to the LoopBack section. The output level can be monitored by the controller. RF Rx: the RF signal out of the diplexer port is amplified and filtered by a low noise amplifier and down converted to Base band (I and Q components). When the LoopBack option is enabled the input signal is replaced by the local Tx signal fed through the LoopBack section. BB Processing: the I and Q components are amplified to a fixed level and filtered according to the Radio channel configuration (bank of filters selectable by SW) before being forwarded to the A/D converter. RF LoopBack: allows on SW control to feedback the Tx output signal to the RX input at a suitable power level to verify the correct operation of the ODU in loop. Diplexer: It s inserted between the RF front end and the antenna port with the purpose to filter interfering signals and harmonics and to separate TX signal from RX signal Optical Daughter Board The daughter board is used only with O-ODU. It includes: O/E conversion: implemented by an SFP module interfacing the FO (Q-XCO connector) to the SGMII bus. This module is controlled via the I2c bus from the DS board DC Power Interface: Lighting Protection and EMI filtering on the DC power (SPC connector) PoE Injector characteristics The ODU is directly connected to an User Equipment supporting Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) functions. This User equipment must conform to the PoE standard (see Table 4-29) with a minimum power at the input of the ODU of 40 W. The PoE functionality can be either provided by a commercial equipment or directly integrated in the User equipment (Base Station, router, switch, etc.). For connecting PoE Injector and the ODU the Ethernet Cable of par is used Ethernet Cable The Ethernet Cable provides the interconnection between PoE Injector and ODU units, carrying the following signals: DC power supply from the PoE Injector to feed all ODU circuits following PoE standards User Traffic from and to the ODU Management traffic from and to Craft Terminal and/or OS. This traffic is embedded in the Ethernet stream and can be addressed by its specific IP addresses. The cable is a standard Ethernet twisted multipair cable, S-FTP 24 AWG Cat. 5E for outdoor application (temperature range 33 C to +55 C ). It s specified for data transmission at frequency up to 200 MHz and guarantees to the system the standard length of 100 m without performance degradation (see Table 4-23). The cable must be no-cross. The external connector is a RJ45 type both at User Equipment and ODU side and the shield is connected to earth/ground to prevent overvoltage. At ODU side the connector is waterproof. Page 24 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

25 On the cable a GE signal (1000Base-T, bit rate on the cable 125 MHz) is transmitted in both directions. Table 3-17 shows how each pair is used and the pin assignment on the ODU external connector ODU-to-ODU Cable It is required to connect the two ODU of 1+1 or 2+0 configurations, carrying the following signals: 1. I/Q samples from one ODU to the other in order to perform Cross channel Interference Cancellation (XPIC) or Signal Combination (SD configuration). 2. Data Ethernet traffic to perform signal protection in 1+1 or XPIC configurations. In the same signal a control channel is implemented between the controllers of the ODU to exchange control and monitoring information. The cable is a standard Ethernet twisted multipair cable, S-FTP 26 AWG Cat.7 for outdoor application (temperature range 33 C to +55 C ). It operates at 1.6 Gbit/s and can operate with a max length of 1 m without performance degradation. The cable is cross with external waterproof connectors (C91Amphenol 8 pin) at both sides and the shield is connected to earth/ground to prevent overvoltage Table 3-19 shows how each pair is used and the pin assignment on the ODU external connector FO Cable Figure 2-8: ODU-to-ODU Cable It is required for O-ODU to connect the ODU to the Customer s equipment with an optical GE interface according to 1000Base-SX standards. In the ODU the cable is terminated with a SFP module (to be provided separately) which is inserted in a standard MSA SFP connector on the Optical Daughter board. (see Fig. 2-9). The technical characteristics of the connector are detailed in Par ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 25 of 95

26 2.2.7 Power Copper Cable Figure 2-9: O-ODU FO Cable This cable is required in case of O-ODU to feed the ODU if the PoE power interface on the Ethernet Cable is not available. In the indoor station the cable is directly connected to a -48 VDC battery. The cable is a shielded 2-wire copper cable. Min. AWG 13 wires must be used to support a maximum length of 300 m for the cable. The connector on the ODU is a waterproof connector. See par for details on the ODU interface. Page 26 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

27 2.3 System configurations Figure 2-10 : Power Copper Cable The purpose of this paragraph is to list and to describe all the available system configurations and for each configuration to show a station layout and the configuration composition. Integrated antennas can be used when 1 feet (30cm) or 2 feet (60 cm) diameters are enough for the link budget while detached standard antennas are selected when larger diameters are needed. Microwave polarization can be changed simply rotating the ODU cabinet terminal (High Capacity Data Link) The following parts compose a terminal: 1 ODU 1 PoE Injector 1 Integrated or Non-Integrated Antenna pole mounting or wall mounting kit The reference block diagram of a 1+0 High Capacity Data Link is shown in fig Customer Network PoE Injector ODU ODU PoE Injector Customer Network Figure 2-11 : 1+0 High Capacity Data Link block diagram ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 27 of 95

28 With this configuration a single Network Interface is supported in each terminal for the User traffic, which can be configured as GE or FE Interface. The User traffic is not protected versus both radio link cut-off due to propagation and HW failures. The link capacity is detailed in Tables 4.2 and 4.3 according to the available radio channel. In case an O-ODU is used, the O-ODU is connected directly to the Customer s equipment by a FO cable and the power is fed via a separate copper Power cable HSB terminal (Protected High Capacity Data Link) Customer Network PoE Injector PoE Injector OOC ODU Main ODU Prot. Figure 2-12: 1+1 HSB Protected High Capacity Data Link block diagram The following parts compose a terminal: Coupler 2 ODU 2 PoE Injector 1 Integrated or Non-Integrated Antenna 1 RF coupler (symmetric 3/3 db or asymmetric 1/10 db) 1 ODU-ODU cable (OOC) pole mounting or wall mounting kit(s) The reference block diagram of a 1+1HSB High Capacity Data Link is shown in fig 2-12 With this configuration two Network Interfaces are supported in each terminal for the User traffic. The two ODU operates one as Active (either Main or Protection) and the other as Standby: The Active ODU is enabled to Transmit and Receive data from the radio channel and has its PoE interface transmitting and receiving frames from the network. The Standby ODU has the Transmitter off and the received frames are not forwarded to the network. ODU Main ODU Prot OOC PoE Injector PoE Injector Customer Network Page 28 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

29 Standby Prot Main Active Customer s equip. Active The operation of the Protection Group can be (according to Operator s settings): a. Revertive: in this case the Main ODU is normally operating as Active until a fault is detected generating a switch: it returns to operate as Active as soon as the fault condition is removed. b. Non-revertive: there is no preferential Active ODU and an ODU continue to operate as Active until a fault is detected generating a switch. When the fault is cleared no switch back occurs. In addition by Operator s command the Protection group can operate: a. Normal Mode (Clear): protection switching is executed in case of failure and the Active status is determined by the Protection algorithm b. Forced Mode (Forced): the ODU is forced Active independently by the protection algorithm status whilst the other is automatically lockout. Because only the Active ODU can carry traffic through its PoE interface it is assumed that the Customer s Network shall reroute User Traffic to the Active ODU when a protection switching happens. To implement such rerouting two different modes can be set by Operator on the Standby PoE Interface: ethl1down: in this case when the ODU enters the Stand-by status (from Active) a short LinkDown condition is forced on the Ethernet Interface in order that Protection algorithms in the Customer s network can reroute traffic. The Normal Up status of the link is afterwards restored and any incoming frame is discarded at the input port of the ODU Ethernet switch. ethl2down: the links status is maintained Up when the ODU is in the Stand-by status but all frames are discarded at the input port of the ODU Ethernet switch. For more details about Operator s commands to support 1+1 HSB operation see Operator s manual (OMN) par The Protection Group is coordinated between the ODU Main and Protection via the Inter_ODU Channel OOC, exchanging P-CCM messages between the two ODU controllers on a µc to µc channel. All other channels supported on the OOC are disabled. In 1+1 HBS configuration the link is protected versus HW failures in one ODU, whilst the User traffic is not protected versus radio link cut-off due to propagation. The total link capacity is the same of a 1+0 Link as in par No information exchange and no coordination is assumed between the two terminals of the protected link which therefore define independently their operating state. In case O-ODU are used, the same behaviour is implemented on both GEO and PoE interfaces. Prot Main Standby ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 29 of 95

30 XPIC/FD terminal (Dual High Capacity Data Link XPIC or FD) Customer Network PoE Injector PoE Injector OOC ODU Master ODU Slave Figure 2-13: 2+0 XPIC Dual High Capacity Data Link block diagram The following parts compose a terminal: Orthomode Combiner Dual Polarization antenna ODU Master 2 ODU 2 PoE Injector 1 Integrated or Non-Integrated Antenna (with Dual polarization H and V for XPIC) 1 RF Orthomode Combiner (H-V) for XPIC 1 Coupler (symmetric) for FD. 1 ODU-ODU cable (OOC) pole mounting or wall mounting kit(s) The reference block diagram of a 2+0 XPIC/FD High Capacity Data Link is shown in fig 2-13 With this configuration two radio channels are used to carry the total traffic, in: - the same radio channel by using the two orthogonal polarization H and V with Cross Polarization Interference cancellation (XPIC). XPIC is a technique that allows doubling the wireless capacity of a wireless transmission over the same channel. It is based on the frequency reuse schema of CCDP (Co-Channel Dual Polarization), which uses two parallel communication channels over the same link with orthogonal polarizations. An XPIC solution doubles the wireless link capacity and enables operators to reduce operating expenditures in terms of frequency license fee. Transmission goes onto parallel communication channels over the same link, in both horizontal and vertical polarizations, where independent signals are transmitted using single antenna. Despite the orthogonality of the two signals, some interference inevitably occurs, due to imperfect antenna isolation and channel degradation. In order to cancel the effects of this interference, the XPIC receiver processes and combines the signals from the two receiving paths to recover the original, independent signals. The digital samples of the received signal at each ODU required to operate XPIC are exchanged between the two ODU using the XPIC serial channel supported by the ODU-to-ODU cable (OOC). - two radio channels at different frequencies (FD case). The two channels are operated as independent links. No OOC cable is required. In case O-ODU are used, the O-ODU are connected directly to the Customer s equipment by a FO cable and the power is fed via a separate copper Power cable. ODU Slave OOC PoE Injector PoE Injector Customer Network Page 30 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

31 Dual Channel Operation In this type of operation the two traffic channels operates as two independent links, but sharing the same radio channel, which therefore carries a double capacity. In case of failure on one ODU the corresponding traffic channel is cut and not protected Operation with L1 Link Aggregation Note: This configuration is not supported by the Rel. 4.1 software. Two Network Interfaces can be supported in each terminal for the User traffic but only one is active at any time to the ODU Master which is enabled to perform the Traffic Load Balancing between the two radio channels (i.e. to split traffic from the network on the two radio channels proportionally to the available capacity of each of them and to recombine the two traffic flows in the other terminal of the link). In case of failure in one radio channel the traffic can continue using the other radio channel at reduced capacity. In case of failure of the ODU Master, the system can be reconfigured to continue traffic using the other ODU and its associated Network Interface. The operation of the Protection group is coordinated between the two ODUs via the Inter_ODU Channel OOC, which provides moreover the support for Load Balancing and XPIC. In normal operating conditions the total link capacity is double of a 1+0 Link as in par : more specifically the 2+0 XPIC link can provide for double capacity in the same radio channel and additionally partial protection versus HW failures (at reduced capacity) SD terminal (Space Diversity High Capacity Data Link) Note: This configuration is not supported by the Rel. 4.1 software. Customer Network PoE Injector PoE Injector OOC ODU Main ODU Diversity Figure 2-14: 1+1 SD Dual High Capacity Data Link block diagram The following parts compose a terminal: 2 ODU 2 PoE Injector 2 Integrated or Non-Integrated Antennas with spatial separation 1 ODU-ODU cable (OOC) pole mounting or wall mounting kits The reference block diagram of a 1+1 SD High Capacity Data Link is shown in fig 2-14 ODU Main ODU Diversity OOC PoE Injector PoE Injector Customer Network ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 31 of 95

32 With this configuration the same radio signal transmitted by the ODU Main is received by two spatially separated antennas and the received signal from the ODU protection is combined with the received signal from the ODU Main, increasing the robustness specifically versus selective fading. Two Network Interfaces can be supported in each terminal for the User traffic but only one is active at any time to the ODU Main. In case of failure of the ODU Main, the system can be reconfigured to continue traffic using the other ODU and its associated Network Interface in this way providing protection versus HW failures. The operation of the Protection group is coordinated between the two ODUs via the Inter_ODU Channel OOC, which provides moreover the support to transfer the received signal from the Diversity ODU to the Main. The total link capacity is the same of a 1+0 Link as in par In case O-ODU are used, the O-ODU are connected directly to the Customer s equipment by a FO cable and the power is fed via a separate copper Power cable. 2.4 Radio Transmission features Frequency agility Frequency agility features allows to the user to select the operating RF channel (transmitter and receiver frequency) by means of the CT, achieving benefits about spare parts, order processing and frequency coordination. The step unit is 250 khz (50 khz for 6 band). For the licensed bands Tx and Rx frequencies are linked by the shifter value: any change of Tx (Rx) frequency automatically involves the change of Rx (Tx) frequency according to the ODU shifter, which is uniquely defined by the HW code of the unit. The end user can select the channel frequency (in MHz) of the Tx and the independent setting of Tx and Rx frequencies is not possible. For the unlicensed bands supported with ETSI setting (17 and 24 ) the Tx and Rx frequencies can be set independently inside the allowed Tx and Rx bands to optimize in both directions the operation with minimum interference (see par ) Bandwidth agility The radio channel bandwidth (Channel Spacing) can be set using the Radio Interface window of the CT (see OMN par. 2.8) at the following values: - 7 MHz, 14 MHz, 28 MHz, 40 MHz, 56 MHz (ETSI setting) Note: the 40 MHz Channel is applicable only to 6 and 11 bands MHz, 20 MHz, 30 MHz, 40 MHz, 50 MHz, 60 MHz (ANSI settings) The performances of the system at each Channel Spacing are detailed in Cap Transmit power control: static (RTPC) and automatic (ATPC) To maximize the Transmit output power at high modulation indexes, the base-band signal is predistorted in the base band processing. Digital pre-distortion technique allows to transmit in the non linear zone of the power amplifier, improving its saturation point at the higher modulation. Predistortion is implemented in a digital section by means of a non linear filter. By inversely distorting the signal prior the power amplifier, the transmitter power can be significantly increased; the combined effect of the pre-distortion and power amplifier can be seen as an higher output linear amplification. The pre-distorsion does not operate for output power below a given threshold and is automatically adjusted to the actual output power level. Page 32 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

33 The coefficient controlling the pre-distorsion algorithm are stored permanently in the ODU during the calibration process in the factory based on the individual characteristics of the power devices. The Transmit Power Control is available in two modes: Automatic using Automatic Transmit Power Control feature (ATPC) Manual using Remote Transmit Power Control feature (RTPC) ATPC feature ATPC function allows to adjust the transmitted power in the local station in order to compensate a received power reduction in the remote station of the radio hop due to radio propagation conditions. ATPC provides the following advantages: reduction of the interferences of the radio system internal and with other systems effective countermeasure against upfading effects easier and flexible frequency planning when several links converge in a node (eventually allowing spatial frequency reuse) Working principle The ATPC system is based on a control loop of the transmitted power between the local transmitter and the remote receiver connected in a radio link. Independent ATPC control systems are dedicated to each transmission direction. The process exploits an embedded ODU-ODU service channel. With reference to Fig 2-15 ATPC algorithm consists of the following steps: the receiver in remote station B detects every 10ms through the AGC voltage the received power value PRx and provides it to its ODU controller PRx is transmitted via the ODU-ODU embedded channel to the local station A the ODU controller of A, by comparing the received PRx with the configured PRx threshold (Rx Target Power), computes the proper transmitter output power PTx to be set he local transmitter in A adjusts its own transmitted power to the above PTx value defined by the ODU controller PRx(B) received over service channel - RX(A) micro TX(A) Set TX Power PTx(A) ODU Local Station A Figure 2-15: ATPC function block diagram ATPC characteristics and management If the control loop is interrupted (i.e. PRx information is not received properly on the ODU-ODU channel) the local PTx is frozen at the current value and start again to be adjusted as soon as the µ C µ TX(B) micro RX(B) ODU Remote Station B PRx(B) transmitted over service channel Get RX Power PRx (B) ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 33 of 95

34 control loop works again; after 10 consecutive events of control loop interruption the alarm ATPC loop is set. The ATPC control loop has a time constant allowing PTx to follow variations of max 50 db/s of the PRx. PTx changes are applied at the max rate of 1db every 10ms. ATPC function is enabled or disabled by means of CT commands: when disabled the system works in manual mode corresponding to RTPC functionality (see par ). The system parameters relevant the PTx management are: Max Transmitted Power PTx (MAXTL): MAXTL is defined for each frequency band and for each modulation Index (MI) and stored at factory in a configuration table (see Table 4-6). Transmitted Power when in manual or predefined PTx operation (OUTTL) Max Transmitted Power when ATPC enabled (AMAXTL) Dynamically Adjusted Max Transmitted Power when ATPC and AMC are both enabled (DMAXTL) Min Transmitted Power when ATPC enabled (AMINTL) Minimum Transmission Level (MINTL equal to 0 dbm) Minimum Calibrated Transmission Level (CMINTL) ATPC Threshold management Transmit side: The transmitter is able to change the output power in the range MAXTL (max level) and MINTL (min level). It s possible to set by CT the two TX ATPC thresholds according to: AMAXTL (max level ATPC) <= MAXTL AMINTL (min level ATPC) >= MINTL where MAXTL and MINTL are maximum and minimum default values for the transceiver. The two thresholds define also the Max ATPC range being: Max ATPC range = AMATL AMINTL Note: MAXTL is a function of the MI currently used. When Adaptive Modulation is enabled (see par ) the PTx is limited by the DMAXTL which takes into account the current value of the MI set by Adaptive Modulation index. Receive side: the Rx ATPC thresholds can be defined as well through CT as: LPT (Rx low power threshold = RX Target level) (-90 dbm <= LPT <= -20 dbm) HPT (Rx high power threshold, automatically defined as LPT+3db) The PRx range between LPT and HPT is defined as the hysteresis range in which the loop stays in an HOLD status (keeping the current PTx level). The ATPC operation is illustrated in Fig PTx down PTx up No change of PTx Figure 2-16: ATPC algorithm Page 34 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

35 RTPC feature When ATPC function is disabled by CT the system works manually and RTPC feature is made available. In this condition the output level can be set by CT to a chosen level between MAXTL and MINTL. In RTPC mode a Manual operation indication is reported to CT and OS. At the start of the system the default value of PTx in RTPC mode is MAXTL Modulation and Adaptive Modulation The WIDHOP modem is implemented in a dedicated FPGA and has very advanced features here summarized: From 4 up to 1024 QAM constellations (4, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024 QAM are supported) Fixed or Adaptive Modulation (based on MSE measurement and internal service channel signalling) High spectral efficiency (up to 417 Mb/s in 56 MHz channel spacing) Transmitter and receiver impairments recovery (I/Q amplitude and phase unbalance) Timing recovery with digital re-sampling; Carrier recovery enhanced by the use of pilot symbols in the radio frame Automatic carrier frequency control for fast carrier acquisition. Adaptive fractionally-spaced equalisation with 20 taps; Efficient channel encoding based on two levels of coding: a convolutional (punctured) code with code rate R=0.8 on the last 2 bits of each radio symbol (R=0.67 for 1024QAM modulation) plus RS (241,252) coding. Low Modem latency The gross radio transmission rate for all modulation and channel spacing configurations is reported in Table 4-2. The modem can operate in Fixed mode with the modulation index (MI) set manually by the operator or in Adaptive Mode (see OMN par. 2.8). In the Adaptive Mode the Modulation Index (MI) is instantaneously adjusted to the transmission (propagation) conditions in order to maintain some level of service even in degraded conditions reducing the traffic throughput by using a lower Modulation Index between two Modulation indexes (Min e Max) settable by the operator. In the Adaptive Modulation mode not all modulation constellations are supported and the Modulation index can vary only between the following values: 4, 16, 64, 256, 1024 QAM. Note: to guarantee a correct operation of the link the two terminals must be configured consistently with the same configuration, starting from the remote side. The switching between different MI is hitless without any traffic loss. AM is unidirectional i.e. the algorithm works independently in the two directions. Adaptive Modulation Control (AMC) interacts and must be coordinated with the Tx Power level (PTx) because the allowable max Tx Power is related to the MI used. Specifically four cases must be analyzed: manual operation (both PTx and MI are manually defined by the operator). In this case the defined PTx must be lower that the max allowable for the given MI. with ATPC enabled and predefined MI. This is the case when the power is automatically adjusted to maintain the required receiver level but Adaptive Modulation is ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 35 of 95

36 off. The max settable PTx for ATPC must be lower than the max allowable for the given MI. with predefined PTx and AMC. In this case Adaptive Modulation works adapting the data traffic to the propagation condition at constant PTx. PTx must be lower than the max allowable for the max MI defined for AMC. with both ATPC and AMC enabled. This is the case optimized for AMC because the max PTx (DMAXTL) used by the ATPC algorithm is automatically adapted when switching from a MI to another (with lower MI the Tx can work at higher PTx with a lower back-off without unacceptable signal distortion). The operation of the AMC can be summarized as follows: two PRx thresholds (T up and T down ) are associated at each MI. Until PRx stays between T up and T down MI is not modified. If PRx becomes higher than T up AMC switches to the higher MI whilst if PRx decreases below T down AMC switches to the lower MI. T up and T down are calculated in order that the switching to the lower MI happens at a BER The quality of the signal is evaluated using the MSE parameter of the demodulator and the MSE values corresponding to the switching thresholds are stored in a configuration table. A second set of thresholds (T upptx and T downptx ) is defined for the DMAXTL associated with the different MI. Till PRx of the remote receiver stays between T upptx and T downptx DMAXTL is not modified. If PRx becomes higher than T upptx DMAXTL switches to the higher DMAXTL whilst if PRx decreases below T downptx DMAXTL switches to the lower DMAXTL. Also in this case the MSE values corresponding to the switching thresholds are stored in a second configuration table. LPT (target min PRx for the ATPC algorithm) should be set at least 10 db higher than BER 10-6 of the max MI configured by the operator. In this case if the link attenuation increases, ATPC increases first the PTx up to the max PTx compatible with the max MI and switches afterwards to the lower MI (reducing at the same time the link capacity) if required to maintain an acceptable BER. When the AMC works at MI lower than the max, PTx is always at the max level compatible with the current MI (DMAXTL) When AMC decides to switch from a higher MI to the next lower MI, the MI is immediately modified and when Prx becomes lower than T downptx DMAXTL is adjusted to the higher level associated to the new MI in order that ATPC is allowed to increase PTx. When on the contrary Prx increases and becomes higher than T upptx, before AMC decides to switch from a lower MI to the next higher MI, DMAXTL is adjusted to the lower level associated to the new MI and then the MI is In this way it can be avoided to operate for a transient period with Tx distortion incompatible with the current modulation. The operation of AMC is monitored in the Main Window of the CT where the current value of the MI both in Tx and Rx is displayed (QAM Tx and QAM Rx windows). The period of time when each MI has been used is also reported in the Performance Monitoring counters (see OMN par. 2.14) Tests and Loops First of all to facilitate the execution of measurements on the radio link it is possible to force the transmission of an unmodulated carrier (sine waveform) by CT commands (CW Mode in the Radio Interface window - OMN par. 2.8). This can be specifically useful during initial line-up of the system. In this mode the following measurements are possible: accuracy and stability of transmitted centre frequency actual peak TX power TX local oscillator noise floor. Page 36 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

37 To check the correct operation of the radio link the operator by the Radio Interface window of the CT (see Operator Manual OMN par. 2.8) can perform a Radio Loopback. A RF loop can be set on the ODU (see Fig. 2-7) to verify if the transmitted signal is correctly received at the receiver of the ODU. The loop attenuation between Tx and Rx is about 55 db e Tx and Rx frequencies are automatically set up. This type of loop-back allows integrity tests of both the circuitry related to IDU-ODU cable interfaces, Base Band processing, I/Q and RF section in the ODU. RF loop tests have to be done using a MI 256 QAM. Note: Setting the RF Loopback in the remote terminal of a link isolates this terminal and therefore has to be avoided. The operation of the link can also be checked (specifically during the installation and commissioning phase) using the loop facilities on the traffic such as tests on the User Ethernet interface (details can be found in the ITMN Manual). 2.5 User Traffic Features Ethernet Services with PoE Injector Ethernet services are supported by the User Port on the PoE operating as 100FE or 1000GE interfaces (negotiation with the User equipment). Ethernet frames up to 9K bytes (jumbo frames) and Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast frames are supported. A Look-up table up to 4K MAC addresses is used and MAC learning per port per VLAN is implemented. The actual transmission rate on the radio link depends on the configuration of the system and on the frame length. In Table 4-3 there are shown the throughput values as a function of the Channel Spacing and Modulation Index, for two lengths (64 and 1518) of the MAC frame. The following definitions are used: The MAC Rate (throughput) is the transmission rate (Mbps) considering only the MAC frame bytes transmitted in a second The Load (in %) of the FE/GE link is evaluated versus the 100/1000 Mbps capacity considering for each transmitted frame the Minimum Interframe Gap (12 bytes), the Preamble (7 bytes) and the Start Frame Delimitator (1 byte) in addition to the MAC frame bytes. Note: the relationship between MAC Rate and Utilization depends on the length of the frames. The User port can be configured: the port configuration (see Table 2-1) shall include: - Name - Auto negotiation - Speed/duplex operation modes - Flow control - Ethernet Radio Loss Forwarding (option to shut down the port when radio is off) - Port Alarms monitoring For details about User port configuration see OMN par ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 37 of 95

38 Speed/Duplex Flow Control Auto negotiation Enabled Provide the user to select one of: 1000 FDX, 1000 HDX, 100 FDX, 100 HDX The working mode after autonegotiation is displayed User can select: Enabled (the result depending on link partner ability is displayed) Disabled Disabled Provide the user to select one of: 1000 FDX, 1000 HDX, 100 FDX, 100 HDX User can select: Enabled Disabled Table 2-1: Port Configuration options Because the received MAC Rate from the User Equipment can be greater than the Max Net throughput available on the radio link, the two following options can be configured to manage the overflow condition: 1. No Flow Control (tail-drop mechanism). Frames are dropped: a. In the direction outgoing from the User equipment when exceeding the radio link capacity as soon as the transmission buffer of the modulator is full; b. In the direction to User Equipment (from the radio link) when exceeding the FE rate. This condition should in normal condition never occur. 2. Flow Control (asymmetric, using PAUSE frames). In this case: a. When the transmission buffer of the modulator towards the radio link is full a PAUSE frame is generated towards the User Equipment. b. when a PAUSE signal is received from the User equipment, the outgoing frames to the Radio link will be stored in an output buffer until it is full. If the PAUSE condition is not cleared before the buffer is full, the following frames exceeding the buffer capacity will be dropped. c. If the User Equipment sends a PAUSE frame to the ODU, the PAUSE is ignored and traffic flow towards the User equipment will continue. The Flow Control option can be configured by the Operator (see OMN par. 2.9) Quality of Service In the ODU QoS management according to 802.1p/1Q and IP ToS/diffServ is supported. Four different priority queues are implemented (Q1 to Q4 in order of decreasing priority) and the data traffic can be assigned to each queue based on two different options: - by Class of Service (CoS): the Ethernet frames are queued in the four available queues supported by the system according to the PCP (Priority Code Point) field of the frame (8 classes are supported) - By Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP): the Ethernet frames are queued in the four available queues supported by the system according to the DSCP field of the frame. DSCP priority management applies only to IP packets (64 DSCP classes are supported). Q1 may also be configured as Strict Priority queue. See OMN par. 2.9 for the configuration of the QoS. Page 38 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

39 In case QoS is enabled the system will store in a buffer the incoming frames classified according their priority queue and forward frames towards the modem using a WRR (8,4,2,1) algorithm. When the buffer is full the incoming frames are discarded (Tail Drop mechanism to avoid congestion). Note: when QoS is enabled it is recommended to disable Flow Control VLAN Management Frames incoming through an Ethernet port of the system (PoE and GEO in case of O-ODU) are processed based on the VLAN tag included in the frame according to 802.1q. The Eth interface may be configured to handle frames in three possible modes, selectable by CT: Transparent Mode: VLAN tags are not processed, so any tagged frame is transparently forwarded without any filter Access: only untagged frames are forwarded and a VLAN tag is added to the frame with a user configured VLAN ID and VLAN Priority (defined by means of CT). Input tagged frames are discarded. Trunk: According to user configuration, a VLAN list is created, with the VLAN IDs allowed to pass through the trunk port. Tagged frames are forwarded only if their VLAN ID is included in the VLAN list. Frames with VLAN IDs not belonging to the list, as well as untagged frames, are discarded IVL (Independent VLAN Learning) WIDHOPsupports Independent VLAN Learning; this means that the system can store, inside its MAC address table, the same source MAC address even though this MAC address is associated to two or more different VLAN IDs. Thus, in those cases where traffic from the same MAC address is ingressing the system from the two possible directions (Ethernet PoE, Radio), two entries will be created for that MAC, each with the correspondent VLAN ID, so assuring the correct traffic switching Management of Multicast frames Forwarding of Multicast frames is by default allowed, so any frame with a destination of multicast will be forwarded, except for flow control Pause Frames Licenses Capacity License License Type Description Allowed CS and Modulations Max gross radio transm. rate (Mbps) LF1 LF2 LF3 LF4 LF5 L1 Basic 50 L2 Entry 100 L3 Advanced 200 L4 Premium 400 L5 Ultimate 500 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 39 of 95

40 Channel spacing (MHz) (ETSI settings) Modulation QAM LF1 LF1 LF1 LF2 LF2 16 QAM LF1 LF1 LF2 LF3 LF3 32 QAM LF1 LF2 LF2 LF3 LF4 64 QAM LF1 LF2 LF3 LF4 LF4 128 QAM LF1 LF2 LF3 LF4 LF4 256 QAM NA LF2 LF3 LF4 LF4 512 QAM NA NA LF5 LF5 LF QAM NA NA LF5 LF5 LF5 Channel spacing (MHz) (ANSI setting) Modulation QAM LF1 LF1 LF1 LF2 LF2 LF2 16 QAM LF1 LF1 LF2 LF3 LF3 LF3 32 QAM LF1 LF2 LF2 LF3 LF3 LF4 64 QAM LF1 LF2 LF3 LF4 LF4 LF4 128 QAM LF1 LF2 LF3 LF4 LF4 LF4 256 QAM NA LF2 LF3 LF4 LF4 LF4 512 QAM NA NA LF5 LF5 LF5 LF QAM NA NA LF5 LF5 LF5 LF5 Table 2-2: Capacity License type available for WIDHOP The system capacity defined by the Channel Spacing can be additionally limited by a SW license which defines the max Throughput allowed to the system. Five type of licenses are available (as described in Table 2-2: to each license type a max gross transmission rate is associated corresponding to a set of CS and Modulation levels (QAM) reported in the same table. The current License can be upgraded in the field by purchasing from the Manufacturer the appropriate Upgrade License with a SW key which can be installed by CT. For details about License management see OMN par No downgrading of the License is supported Adaptive Modulation License The use of the Adaptive Modulation feature is subject to license enabling this type of operation. This licence can be freely associated to any of the Capacity Licenses of the previous par XPIC License The use of the Cross-polar Interference Cancellation (XPIC) feature is subject to license enabling this type of operation. This licence can be freely associated to any of the Capacity Licenses of the previous par. 2.6 Equipment control and management WIDHOP offers enhanced features for system control and management, either as separated microwave radio links or as network element integrated in a telecommunication network. This is achieved by means of the two virtual control interfaces dedicated to system management by CT and by OS embedded in the Ethernet stream at the User (network) Interface (see Fig. 2-3). Page 40 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

41 2.6.1 System management by CT WIDHOP implements an HTTP server that allows to manage the radio terminal with an CT based on a PC running a standard WEB browser and connecting the dedicated IP address assigned to the radio terminal, being the application software embedded in the radio terminal itself. More precisely the CT connected to the WEB interface inside the system controller can access the full set of objects defined in the system Management Information Base (MIB) and show the equipment status through HTML pages. The CT can monitor the two terminals of a link opening two WEB browser windows, each of them connecting the dedicated IP address assigned to each of the two terminals. The main management features are listed below: Alarm & control management (including alarm log ) Configuration management o Traffic configuration o Transmitter configuration Performance Management (10-6 /10-3 BER Alarms and Statistical Performance counters) Security Management Diagnostic o Tests and Loops o Self monitoring and diagnostic o Tx/Rx measurements Equipment management o Equipment inventory (factory labels in EEPROM, SW data in flash module) o Software download Two classes of operators (Admin and Monitor with different authority) are supported by the system and up to eight operators (users) can be defined, associating to each operator a Username, Class and Access Password. How to operate by CT and the detailed description of all management features listed before is reported in the Operator s Manual at Chapter 2. To make easier the management of the system, the Operator s Manual OMN is available on-line and can be opened while using the CT System management by OS The WIDHOP can be managed by another vendor OS using an OS interface embedded in the User (Network) Interface where a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Agent (which is an open standard protocol) provides access to the full range of objects described in the SNMP MIB with the SMI/ASN.1 notation. The radio terminal can be reached by the OS through any available IP data communication network. The main features available with the SNMP interface are the same available with CT with the exception of alarm log and tests. If both OS and LCT are operating, note that there is no exclusion rule and both can operate simultaneously. The Community to be used for GET and SET operations via SNMP is by default public and private respectively, but these values can be modified by the operator Management interfaces Management Interfaces, protocol stacks and access levels are listed in Table 2.3. ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 41 of 95

42 The system can support both IPv4 and IPv6 Network Layer Protocols (layer 3). The configuration of the Management Interfaces can be done by the operator using the System Setting window of the CT (see OMN par. 2.10). OS (SNMP MANAGER) CT interface (HTTP/HTMLbased web browser) Accessible parts of functionality All functionality specified in MIB definition Access to internal configuration parameters Application Protocol (Layer 5 7) Transport Protocol (Layer 4) Network Protocol (Layer 3) Data link and Physical (Layer 2-1) SNMP UDP IP Ethernet HTML/HTTP TCP IP Ethernet Table 2-3: Management interfaces, protocol stacks and access levels Network Protocol IPv4 The IPv4 address has to be assigned manually by the operator using the System Setting window. Network Protocol IPv6 The IPv6 128-bit address can be either assigned manually or as stateless autoconfiguration (SLAAC). In manual configuration the user sets all 128 bits of the address as a. Net prefix b. Host part of the IPv6 c. Optionally the default gateway In addition to the manual IPv6 address, the interface shall assign itself a Link-local only address (see below). In SLAAC the host self assign the IPv6 having prefix length fe80::/10 and the 64 rightmost are set according to the EUI-64 bit identifier derived from the MAC address if the interface according to the RFC Since the MAC is unique the IPv6 is unique and its meaning is local, thereby it will not be routed. The SLAAC shall support two options: 1. Link-local only: in this case the Management interface shall self assign an IPv6 address according to the RFC 4291, but not changing the net prefix even if advertised by a router on the local area network: the router advertisements shall be ignored. This configuration shall be always enabled on the Management Interface even if the IPv6 is disabled. 2. Automatically: it means that the interface shall set the IPv6 local link address (as in RFC 4291) and listen to possible router advertisements to change its net prefix accordingly. The default gateway shall be automatically acquired by means of router advertisements from a local router. If the net prefix has been applied according to one advertised by a local router, the interface must also assign another IPv6 address like in the Link-local only setting. In Fig there are illustrated both manual and SLAAC IPv6 address formats Page 42 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

43 Remote Terminal access Figure 2-17: IPv6 address formats (manual and SLAAC) To make easier the control of a complete link, an automatic procedure allows to retrieve the IP Addresses from the Remote Terminal of a link. These addresses can be displayed on the CT pointing the mouse on the Main Menu/External Links/Remote Terminal (see OMN Par ). SNMP Interface A SNMPv2c interface is supported to manage system MIB from an Operating System. Community Strings for SET and GET operation are configurable by operator using the LCT. 2.7 Synchronous Ethernet (SynchE) features WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 can support operation within a Synchronous Ethernet Network by allowing the clock propagation from one terminal of the link to the other (Clock Transparency). The clock information is transported on the radio link locking the symbol rate of the modulating signal (Tx) of the RF carrier to the clock-in from the network, whilst on the receiver side the clock-out to the network is locked to the symbol rate demodulated by the receiver. The Clock Transparency can be configured by the operator (see OMN System Settings - par. 2.10). ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 43 of 95

44 2.7.1 ODU Clock Transparency with PoE interface operating as GE The feature allows the GE clock to be propagated from one terminal of the link (Clock-In) to the other (Clock-Out) as shown in Fig The PoE GE interfaces of the two ODU have to be configured as: o Slave at the side from where the clock is received o Master at the side to where the clock is distributed. The symbol rate of the RF carrier is locked to the in-ge clock in both Master and Slave sides, while the clock recovered from the symbol rate of the received RF signal drives the out-ge clock on the Master side in normal operating conditions. SyncE Network Figure 2-18: Clock Transparency on the ODU (GE) The HW configurations to be set in the different cases are summarized in Table 2.4. PoE Interface Clock transparency PHY Device Configuration Disabled GE Master/Slave auto mode GE GE interface Clock-In Terminal Enabled Ck In Enabled Ck Out Clock Propagation direction GE Master/Slave manual mode and forced to Slave GE Master/Slave manual mode and forced to Master FE All FE Table 2-4: Timing Configurations on the ODU ODU Clock Transparency with PoE interface operating as FE If the PoE interface is configured as FE, the clocks of the In and Out signals are independent. Therefore in this case both ODUs must: - Lock the Tx symbol rate on the RF signal to the In-FE signal - Lock the Out-FE signal to the recovered symbol rate of the RF signal. The clock is propagated bi-directionally in both directions even if normally only one clock propagation direction is useful (see Fig. 2.19). The HW configurations to be set are shown in Table 2.4. Clock-Out Terminal GE interface SyncE Network Page 44 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

45 SyncE Network FE interface Clock-In Terminal Clock Specifications Figure 2-19: Clock Transparency on the ODU (FE) When SynchE operation is disabled the clocks associated to the GE or FE PoE interface comply with standard requirements of IEEE When SynchE is enabled, the clock specifications are compliant with QL-EEC1 summarized in Tab Frequency accuracy vs PRC Pull-in range Frequency drift due to aging during holdover Frequency drift due to temperature during holdover Wander output in 1000 sec. (15 min) ± 4.6 ppm (over 365 days period) ± 4.6 ppm 0.01 ppm/day 2.5 ppm 150 ns Table 2-5: Clock Specifications with SynchE enabled SynchE Alarms and Monitoring and are When SynchE is enabled, the Clock recovered from the received symbol rate on the radio link is monitored and it is used to synchronize the GE/FE Clock out of the PoE interface only when the radio link is operating correctly (no demodulator alarm). When a demodulator alarm is on, the ODU enters the Holdover state and the generated frequency at its output is frozen to the actual current value, being locked to the associated TCXO, until the demodulator alarm goes off and the normal operation restart SSM management Clock Propagation direction Clock-Out Terminal No SSM management is supported in Rel SSM messages possibly transmitted on the Network Interface are transparently transported by the system. FE interface SyncE Network ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 45 of 95

46 3 Physical Composition and Configurations 3.1 Configurations and Documents - Part Numbers System WIDHOP ODU ACCESSORY - IDU ANTENNA LICENSE FLANGE System WIDHOP Documents Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel ZZZB500331AA PWA (Ordering Code, LinKra P/N, Shifters, ODU TX RX Bands) Annex 2: ACCESSORY WIDHOP Rel ZZZB500332AA PWA (Ordering Code, LinKra P/N) Annex 3: ANTENNA Ordering Code & Spec - ZZZB500333AA PWA (Ordering Code, LinKra P/N, Electrical Characteristics) Annex 4: LICENSE WIDHOP Rel ZZZB500334AA PWA (Ordering Code, LinKra P/N) Annex 5: Flanges for WIDHOP products - ZZZB500212AA PLA (Mechanical Characteristics) Table 3-1: System Documents List Part Number SW PACKAGE SWAA000236AB - SWP WIDHOP Release 4.1 Table 3-2: SWP Part Number To Be Defined. Table 3-3: ODU TX RX Band (6L ) See Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 Table 3-4: ODU TX RX Band (6U ) See Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 Table 3-5: ODU TX RX Band (7 ) See Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 Table 3-6: ODU TX RX Band (8 ) See Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 Table 3-7: ODU TX RX Band (10.5 ) Page 46 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

47 See Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 Table 3-8: ODU TX RX Band (11 ) See Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 Table 3-9: ODU TX RX Band (13 ) See Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 Table 3-10: ODU TX RX Band (15 ) See Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 Table 3-11: ODU TX RX Band (17 ) See Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 Table 3-12: ODU TX RX Band (18 ) See Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 Table 3-13: ODU TX RX Band (23 ) See Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 Table 3-14: ODU TX RX Band (24 ) See Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 Table 3-15: ODU TX RX Band (32 ) See Annex 1: ODU WIDHOP Rel. 4.1 Table 3-16: ODU TX RX Band (38 ) ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 47 of 95

48 3.2 External Interfaces See Annex 2: ACCESSORY WIDHOP Rel ODU External Interfaces The following interfaces are considered (see Fig. 3-1 for the position of each access interface): ODU Signal Interface Receive Signal Strength Indicator Antenna interface ODU-to-ODU channel The following additional interfaces are available with O-ODU: FO GE 1000Base SX Signal Interface Power Copper Cable interface ODU Signal interface The Signal ODU interface is described in par and carries both traffic signals and power supply: It has on the ODU a waterproof RJ45 connector (Table 3-17). PIN Signal Description 1 ETH_A- 2 ETH_A+ 3 ETH_B- 4 ETH_C- 5 ETH_C+ 6 ETH_B+ 7 ETH_D- 8 ETH_D+ ETH_A, ETH_B, ETH_C and ETH_D are the four bidirectional Data signals according to 1000BaseT standard. Power feed according to different Alternatives of 802.3at Table 3-17: ODU Signal Interface (RJ45 waterproof connector) Receive Signal Strength Indicator RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) interface allows the installer of the ODU to get information about the received RF signal level. A standard (portable) voltmeter can be used as measuring instrument. (Main technical characteristics in Table 3-18). Parameter Value Notes Connector type female BNC, 50Ω, waterproof Waterproof level IP 65 Output voltage range 0.5 V 4.0 V Output impedance Nominal sensitivity Slope Reference points > 10kΩ 0.5V / 10dB positive +4.0 P RX = -20dBm +0.5 P RX = -90dBm Waterproof cap must be available Over the temperature/humidity range of the ODU climatogram and over the whole frequency range. Table 3-18: RSSI interface characteristics Page 48 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

49 ODU and O-ODU External Interfaces (base container) Bottom view RF Antenna Interface O-ODU Additional Interfaces (cover) Top view ODU Signal interface (RJ45 connector) RSSI interface (bnc connector) FO Cable 1000-SX Interface (xxx connector) ODU-ODU Channel Figure 3-1: ODU cabinet with external interfaces Power Copper cable 8xx Connector) Locking ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 49 of 95

50 Antenna Interface The antenna interface allows to connect the ODU either with an integrated antenna or with a detached antenna. In case of use with an integrated antenna a nose adapter is available. In case of use of a detached antenna the interface depends from the frequency band (see Table 4-25) ODU-to-ODU Channel This interface supports the signals between the two ODU in 1+1 or 2+0 configurations. Two bidirectional signals are transmitted using 4 balanced pairs of a cat.6s cable for outdoor applications (see Table 3.19) implementing : a channel to transfer I/Q samples (I/Q) a channel to transfer control and traffic data (Data) The Cable is cross connecting Tx on Side ODU1 to Rx on Side ODU2 and vice versa. Side ODU1 Side ODU2 Description Pin 1/4 Pin 8/6 I/Q samples ODU1 to ODU2 Pin 2/5 Pin 7/3 I/Q samples ODU2 to ODU1 Pin 7/3 Pin 2/5 Data ODU1 to ODU2 Pin 8/6 Pin 1/4 Data ODU2 to ODU1 Table 3-19: ODU-to-ODU Interface (RJ45 waterproof connector) FO Cable Interface This interface (available only on O-ODU) supports the connection with an SFP module and the FO Cable used with O-ODU to connect the Customer s equipment. A standard 20 pin SMT SFP connector and cage (compatible with SFP MSA Compliant Modules) is used to plug-in the SFP module on the Optical daughter board. Page 50 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

51 Power Copper Cable Interface Figure 3-2: FO Cable interface to the O-ODU This interface (available only on O-ODU) supports the connection with Power Cable, which directly feeds the ODU from a battery source. The nominal primary input voltage has to be - 48 Vdc (range V to V). The power supply characteristics has to comply with ETSI EN v The DC voltage at the input power interface of the O-ODU has to be in the range -36 V to -58V: the maximum current at min voltage is 1.2 A. A 3-wire standard connector is used (VDC+, VDC-, Ground) PoE external interfaces ODU GE interface (Ethernet Cable) The Signal ODU interface is described in par and carries both traffic signals and power supply (PoE). The characteristics of this interface are reported in Table 4-50 and The connector pin-out is shown in Table User Ethernet 1000Base-T Interface (UNI) The user data traffic is composed of an Ethernet Frames stream according to IEEE The main electrical specification of the signal are shown in Table The physical interface is a RJ45 connector (ETH). The pin assignment is reported in Table ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 51 of 95

52 PIN Signal Description 1 ETH_A- 2 ETH_A+ 3 ETH_B- 4 ETH_C- All 4 pairs A, B, C, D are used bi-directionally to transmit the GE signal from/to the User 5 ETH_C+ equipment 6 ETH_B+ 7 ETH_D- 8 ETH_D+ Table 3-20: User/Network Interface 1000Base-T: pin assignment Power Interface from Battery The PoE Injector is the input for the power to supply the whole system. Alternatively the system can be powered by a PoE integrated in the User Equipment. The PoE injector has a power input from a -48Vdc source (battery) or alternatively from mains. The PoE Injector is a commercial device and connectors can be different according to the type used. The nominal primary input voltage has to be - 48 Vdc (range V to V) and with grounded positive conductor. The power supply characteristics has to comply with ETSI EN v Page 52 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

53 4 Technical Specifications 4.1 General information In this chapter the main technical characteristics of WIDHOP series are described. In the following tables reference is made to points A-A and C-C as shown in the block diagram as below, defined by ETSI specifications. (*) no filter included Note 1 : For the purpose of defining the measurements points, the branching network doesn t include a hybrid Note 2 : The points shown above are reference points only ; points C and C, D and D in general coincide Note 3 : Points B and C, B and C may coincide when simple diplexer is used Figure 4-1: ETSI EN System block diagram 4.2 General System Characteristics Nominal Capacity Ethernet Traffic: see Tables 4-2 and 4-4 User interfaces RF channel spacing OS channel 100/1000 GE (PoE) 1000-SX GE (only with O-ODU) 7 / 14 / 28 / 40 / 56 MHz (ETSI setting) 10 / 20 / 30 / 40 / 50 / 60 MHz (ANSI Setting) Management Information embedded in the IP traffic with dedicated VLAN MTBF (years) ODU: 40 Table 4-1: General System Features ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 53 of 95

54 ETSI Setting Channel Spacing 7MHz 14MHz 28MHz 40MHz 56MHz Symbol rate (Mbaud) Modulation Gross Payload Bit Rate (Mbps) 4QAM QAM QAM QAM QAM QAM n.a QAM n.a. n.a QAM n.a. n.a ANSI Settings Channel Spacing 10MHz 20MHz 30MHz 40MHz 50MHz 60MHz Symbol rate (Mbaud) 8,93 17,85 26,78 35,70 44,65 49,80 Modulation Gross Payload Bit Rate (Mbps) 4QAM QAM QAM QAM QAM QAM n.a QAM n.a. n.a QAM n.a. n.a The Gross Payload Bit Rate is evaluated net of: - Pilot symbols - Convolutional Coding redundancy - RS code redundancy - Internal Service Channel (synch, AMC, ATPC, etc.) Table 4-2: Gross Bit Rate on the Radio Channel Page 54 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

55 4.3 Traffic Characteristics User Data Traffic Characteristics The values for the Net MAC rate different Channel Spacing and Modulation indexes are shown in Table 4.3. Note: for Net MAC Rate and GE Load (U) definitions see par Note: values for jumbo frames with frame size of 9700 Bytes are very close to 1518 Bytes frame length. Net MAC rate available (Mbps) and GE Load U Frame_size = 64 Bytes (ETSI Setting) Modulation MAC rate 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHZ 40 MHZ 56 MHz U (%) MAC rate U (%) MAC rate U (%) MAC rate U (%) MAC rate 4QAM 9 1,1 17 2,3 35 4,5 50 6,5 69 9,1 U (%) 16 QAM 18 2,4 37 4, , , ,4 32 QAM 24 3,1 47 6, , , ,1 64 QAM 29 3,8 58 7, , , ,8 128 QAM 34 4,5 68 8, , , ,5 256 QAM n.a. n.a , , , ,8 512 QAM n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a , , , QAM n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a , , ,7 Net MAC rate available (Mbps) and GE Load U Frame_size = 1518 Bytes (ETSI Setting) Modulation MAC rate 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHZ 40 MHZ 56 MHz U (%) MAC rate U (%) MAC rate U (%) MAC rate U (%) MAC rate 4QAM 9 0,9 19 1,9 37 3,8 53 5,4 74 7,5 U (%) 16 QAM 20 2,0 40 4,0 82 8, , ,9 32 QAM 25 2,6 51 5, , , ,6 64 QAM 31 3,1 62 6, , , ,4 128 QAM 37 3,7 73 7, , , ,1 256 QAM n.a. n.a. 84 8, , , ,3 512 QAM n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a , , , QAM n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a , , ,0 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 55 of 95

56 Net MAC rate available (Mbps) and GE Load U Frame_size = 64 Bytes (ANSI Setting) Modulation MAC rate 10 MHz 20 MHz 30 MHZ 40 MHZ 50 MHZ 60 MHz U% MAC rate U% MAC rate U% MAC rate U% MAC rate U% MAC rate 4QAM 12 1,6 23 3,2 35 4,9 46 6,5 58 8,1 69 9,1 16 QAM 25 3,5 49 6, , , , ,4 32 QAM 32 4,4 63 8, , , , ,1 64 QAM 38 5, , , , , ,8 128 QAM 45 6, , , , , ,5 256 QAM n.a. n.a , , , , ,8 512 QAM n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a , , , , QAM n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a , , , ,7 Net MAC rate available (Mbps) and GE Load U Frame_size = 1518 Bytes (ANSI Setting) Modulation MAC rate 10 MHz 20 MHz 30 MHZ 40 MHZ 50 MHZ 60 MHz U% MAC rate U% MAC rate 4QAM 13 1,3 27 2,7 40 4,0 53 5,4 66 6,7% 74 7,5 16 QAM 28 2,9 57 5,7 88 8, , ,1% ,9 32 QAM 36 3,7 72 7, , , ,3% ,6 64 QAM 44 4,5 88 9, , , ,6% ,4 128 QAM 52 5, , , , ,8% ,1 256 QAM n.a. n.a , , , ,5% ,3 512 QAM n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a , , ,6% , QAM n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a , , ,2% ,0 U% MAC rate U% MAC rate Table 4-3: Max Available throughput (ETSI and ANSI Setting) U% MAC rate U% U% Page 56 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

57 4.3.2 Ethernet Latency (Transmission Delay) The transit time in a complete WIDHOP link is reported in the Table 4-4 as a function of the different Channel Bandwidth and Modulation Index, for the most significant cases. Values are measured with fixed modulation and according to RFC 2544: the average and maximum values are reported. ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 57 of 95

58 Page 58 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

59 Table 4-4: Transmission delay of an Ethernet frame in a link ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 59 of 95

60 4.4 RF characteristics In the following Tables the most important RF Parameters are reported, compliant with the reference standards shown in Table 4.5 for ETSI standards. For ANSI the reference standard is CFR47 part 101 subpart C for all frequency bands : 6L, 6U, 10, 11, 13, 18, 23, 38. Specific parameters for ETSI setting are reported in par ; for ANSI setting in par Frequency Range () T-R Spacings supported, ( MHz) Channeling ITUR- Series F Channeling CEPT ERC/REC ETSI reference standard Frequency Range () T-R Spacings supported ( MHz) Channeling ITUR- Series F Channelling CEPT ERC/REC ETSI reference standard 6L 6U ,925-6,425 6,425-7,125 7,10-7,90 7,90-8, , F383-8 F E E F385-9 Annex 1,3,4,5, ECC/REC (02)06 F Annex 3,6 ECC/REC (02)06 F.747 F Annex E E F497-7 F E Annex A E ,20-23, ,25-27,50 27,50-29,50 31,80-33,40 36,00-40,50 40,5-43, E F595-9 F637-3 F595-9 F748 F748 F F749-2 TR E Annex A TR TR REC 01-02E TR E Annex A REC Table 4-5: Standard References Page 60 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

61 Parameter name Frequency range () Frequency shifters (Fs, MHz) Duplexer sub-bands (MHz) Output return loss (db) (1) 6/7/ See Tables 4.23, 4-24, ,4-38, / See Tables 4-26, , / See Tables 4-28, , See Table 4-30 See Table db See Table See Table /28/32 25,25-27,50 27,50-29,50 31,80-33,40 See Table / See Table 4-35, , 4-48 P antenna port (2) +29 dbm +29 dbm +28 dbm +25 dbm +27 dbm +26 dbm +25 dbm +25 dbm +25 dbm Nominalmax. output power P Txmax (2) antenna port 4QAM (7) (7) QAM (7) (7) QAM (7) (7) QAM (7) (7) QAM (7) (7) QAM (7) (7) QAM (7) (7) QAM (7) (7) Tx power regulation range ( P TX, db) 0 26 dbm Tx power regulation step (P Txstep, db) 0 26 dbm 0 25 dbm dbm 0 24 dbm 0 23 dbm dbm 0 22 dbm 0 22 dbm 1 db Tx power step accuracy (db) 0.5 PTxstep 1.5 Range of Tx power + 1 db integral accuracy (dbm) + 2 db (2) (3)(8) + 3 db TX power-up/down timing See Fig. 4-2 Tx power muting mode (dbm) (3) (9) -50 Delay time for TX muting (msec) 3 (2)(10) Narrow band signal mask See Table 4-17 (ETSI) Spectral lines at Symbol Rate and (2)(11) according to ETSI EN other spectral lines) -50(30MHz 21.2) (4)(12) External spurious emission (dbm) TX central frequency (Fc) tolerance (ppm) (2) (13) (21.2- (21.2- ( ) ( ) 31) 35) Begin of Life ± 5 End of Life ± ( ) Frequency step at RF (khz) 50 for TX frequency step Begin of Life ± 5 accuracy (ppm)) (2)(13) End of Life ± 10 RF noise floor) (2) (5) at f from TX frequency ±15MHz (dbm/hz) (13) (6)(14) Tx Phase Noise (dbc/hz) (@ min. tx power) -115 (@ max. tx power) -30 / / Table 4-6: System RF characteristics Transmitter -30 ( ) tbd tbd ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 61 of 95

62 Notes to Table Over duplexer bandwidth 2. The guaranteed value over the whole temperature / humidity range of ODU climatogram, and over the whole frequency range of the unit is within +/- 1 db from the nominal 3. Peak power measured with RBW=1MHz and VBW=10kHz for all the system gross bit rate allowed. The value is fulfilled over all the TX power range. 4. External spurious emissions are defined as emissions at frequencies which are outside the nominal carrier frequency ±2.5 times the relevant channel spacing, and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, inter-modulation products and frequency conversion products. Spectrum settings for measurement shall be according to ETSI EN /CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01E or EN The noise floor shall be measured using spectrum analyzer with: RBW=30kHz; VBW=1kHz; channel spacing=7mhz; modulation format=4qam. 6. Single carrier output, all contributions included 7. For the unlicensed frequency bands, in order to be compliant with the applicable regulations for the Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power, as per ERC/REC 70-03, an additional external attenuator has to be used. 8. Over the whole temperature / humidity range of the ODU climatogram and over the whole frequency range of the unit. Reference : ETSI EN paragraph 6.1, tab. D.1 (ETSI EN ) 9. Peak power measured with RBW=1Mhz and VBW=10khz for all the system gross bit rate allowed. The value is fulfilled over all the TX power range. 10. Over the whole temperature / humidity range of the ODU climatogram and over the whole frequency range of the unit. Comprehensive of Fc tolerance 11. Spectral lines at a distance from the channel I frequency equal to the symbol rate. Referred to point B. and other discrete spurious exceeding the spectrum mask limit 12. Over the whole temperature / humidity range of the ODU climatogram and over the whole frequency range of the unit. Spectrum settings for measurement shall be according to ETSI EN and CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01E 13. Over the whole temperature / humidity range of the ODU climatogram and over the whole frequency range of the unit 14. Single carrier output, all contributions included Page 62 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

63 6L/6U/7/8 10.5/11 13/15 23/24 26/28/32 Parameter name Frequency range () ,25-27, ,50-29, ,80-33, Frequency shifters (Fs, MHz) See Tables See Tables See Tables See Table See Table See Table See Table 4.23, 4-24, , , Duplexer sub-bands (MHz) ,4-38, , , Input return loss (db) 15dB RX noise figure 25 C tbd tbd NFRX (db)@ antenna port Over all tbd tbd 4QAM 7 (db) (1) (db) (1) RX BER=10-6 (dbm) Background BER without FEC (from-20dbm to a received level given by the ETSI EN for the relevant bit rate, 10-6, plus 10 db) (1) RX input dynamic range ( PRX) RSSI (Received Signal) accuracy Max. RX power for no damage -22dBm input power (2) RX CW rejection (C/I CW, db) (3) CCI sensitivity (4) (C/I CCI, db) ACI sensitivity (4) (C/I ACI1, db) Two tone CW spurious interference External spurious emission (5) (dbm) Rx Phase Noise (dbc/hz) (6) 16QAM 13 32QAM 16 64QAM QAM QAM QAM QAM 31 4QAM 8 16QAM 14 32QAM 17 64QAM QAM QAM QAM QAM see Tables 4-10, 4-11 (ETSI) and Tables 4-19, 4-20 (ANSI) dbm +/- 3 db for -20 dbm > RSSI > -80 dbm ; +/- 5 db for -80 dbm > RSSI > -90 dbm dbm > 50 dbc according to the methods described in the ETSI EN See Table 4-12 and 4.13 (ETSI) See Table 4-14 and 4.15 (ETSI) according to the method described in the ETSI EN (30MHz 21.2) Unless explicitly defined, RF parameters are measured at the Antenna Port. FER 5x10-3 equivalent to BER 64 bytes frames (1) Over the whole temperature / humidity range of the ODU climatogram and over the whole frequency range of the unit (2) Two tone -25dBm S.C.L. (corresponding to -20dBm total antenna port) (3) RX power level to the nominal 10-6 threshold and C/I=-30 db shall not result in a BER For a receiver at 10-6 BER threshold w/o interference signal, a single like interferer shall not result in a reduction of the threshold level greater than 1 db. Measurement point is B (4) 1 db margin is kept in the referenced table, versus the actual limits set by ETSI standard relevant for RF bands of interest (5) External spurious emissions are defined as emissions at frequencies which are outside the nominal carrier frequency ±2.5 times the relevant channel spacing, and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, inter-modulation products and frequency conversion products Spectrum settings for measurement shall be according to ETSI EN and CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01E or EN (6) At baseband, single carrier input 2 MHz offset from center frequency, all contributions included Table 4-7: System RF characteristics Receiver tbd 38/ See Table tbd ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 63 of 95

64 P max (mw) +10% +5% -10% 0 (mw) 12 msec 20 msec 50 msec TX power-up timing -5% t (msec) Figure 4-2: Tx Timing msec TX power down timing t +5% P min (mw)-5% Page 64 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

65 Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 40 MHz (6U and 11 only) 56 MHz RF Characteristics ETSI Setting CAPACITY Modulation Spectral efficiency 6L/6U 7/8 10.5/11 13 GUARANTEED SYSTEM GAIN (db) 15 4QAM ,5 102,5 108, QAM 4L ,5 96,5 99, QAM 4H ,5 93,5 96, QAM 5L ,5 90,5 92, QAM 5H ,5 87,5 88,5 88 4QAM ,5 100,5 109, , QAM 4L ,5 94,5 100, , QAM 4H ,5 91,5 97, , QAM 5L ,5 88,5 93, , QAM 5H ,5 84,5 89, , QAM 6L ,5 82,5 86, ,5 82 4QAM ,5 107,5 97,5 106, , QAM 4L , ,5 98,5 91,5 97, , QAM 4H , ,5 88,5 94, , QAM 5L , ,5 85,5 90, , QAM 5H ,5 87,5 82,5 86, , QAM 6L 86, ,5 84,5 79,5 83, , QAM 6H ,5 79,5 75,5 78, QAM ,5 77,5 73,5 76, QAM 2 107, QAM 4L ,5 32QAM 4H 96, QAM 5L 92, QAM 5H 88 87,5 256QAM 6L 85 84,5 512QAM 6H 80 79,5 1024QAM 6B 78,5 78 4QAM 2 109,5 109, ,5 104,5 94,5 103, , QAM 4L 99 98, ,5 95,5 88,5 94, , QAM 4H , ,5 85,5 91, , QAM 5L , ,5 82,5 87, , QAM 5H 87 86, ,5 84,5 79,5 83, , QAM 6L 83,5 83, ,5 81,5 76,5 80, , QAM 6H 79,5 78, ,5 77,5 73,5 76, , QAM 6B ,5 75,5 70,5 73,5 65,5 65,5 67, /38 42 Table 4-8: System BER=10-6 (equiv. FER=5x10-4 ) (ETSI) ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 65 of 95

66 Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 40 MHz 56 MHz CAPACITY Modulation Spectral efficiency GUARANTEED RX SENSITIVITY (dbm) 6L 6U ,5/ BER ETSI 10-6 specs BER ETSI 10-6 specs BER ETSI 10-6 specs BER ETSI 10-6 specs BER ETSI 10-6 specs BER ETSI 10-6 specs BER ETSI 10-6 specs 4QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5L QAM 5H , , , , , , ,5 4QAM , QAM 4L , QAM 4H , QAM 5L , QAM 5H , , , , , ,5-70,5-68,5 256QAM 6L ,5-67,5-64,5 4QAM , , QAM 4L , , , , QAM 4H , , QAM 5L , , QAM 5H ,5-65,5-67,5-65,5 256QAM 6L -65, , , , QAM 6H , , , , ,5-60,5-58,5-60,5-58,5 1024QAM , ,5-55 4QAM 2-81, QAM 4L ,5 32QAM 4H -73, QAM 5L -70,5-69/ / QAM 5H ,5/-65-66,5-63,5/ QAM 6L ,5-63,5-60,5 512QAM 6H ,5-59,5-57,5 1024QAM 6B -58, QAM 2-83, , , , , , QAM 4L , , , , QAM 4H , , QAM 5L , , QAM 5H , , , , QAM 6L -62, , , , , , QAM 6H -59, , , , , , QAM 6B , , , , ,5-56,5-52,5-56,5-52,5 Notes: ETSI specs are here reported for comparison: worst case values are shown. ETSI specs reference is according to draft EN under final approval Guaranteed values are shown, for typical figures, increase the sensitivity by 2 db, e.g. -85 dbm typical = -83 dbm guaranteed. BER=10-6 is equivalent to FER=5x10-4 Table 4-9: Guaranteed Rx Sensitivity BER=10-6 (ETSI 15 ) Page 66 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

67 Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz CAPACITY Modulation Spectral efficiency GUARANTEED RX SENSITIVITY (dbm) / ETSI BER 10-6 specs (18) BER ETSI 10-6 specs ETSI BER 10-6 specs (23) BER ETSI 10-6 specs BER ETSI 10-6 specs ETSI BER 10-6 specs (38) 4QAM , , , QAM 4L , , , QAM 4H , , , QAM 5L , ,5-71,5-74,5-70, ,5 128QAM 5H , , , QAM 2-85, , , , QAM 4L -79, , , , QAM 4H -76, , , , QAM 5L -73, , , , QAM 5H -70, , , , ,5 256QAM 6L -67,5-63,5-67,5-63, ,5-65, , QAM 2-82, , , , QAM 4L -76, , , , QAM 4H -73, , , , QAM 5L -70, , , , QAM 5H -67, , , , QAM 6L -64, , ,5-59,5-62,5-68, ,5 512QAM 6H -60,5-57,5-60,5-57, , QAM 7-58, , , , ,5 4QAM 2-79, , , , QAM 4L -73, , , , QAM 4H -70, , , , QAM 5L -67, , , , QAM 5H -64, , , , QAM 6L -61, , , , QAM 6H -58, , ,5-53,5-56,5-52, ,5 1024QAM 6B -55,5-51,5-55,5-51,5-52,5-51,5-51, , Notes: ETSI specs are here reported for comparison: worst case values are shown. ETSI specs reference is according to draft EN under final approval Guaranteed values are shown, for typical figures, increase the sensitivity by 2 db, e.g. -85 dbm typical = -83 dbm guaranteed. BER=10-6 is equivalent to FER=5x10-4 Table 4-10: Guaranteed Rx Sensitivity BER=10-6 (ETSI, >15 ) ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 67 of 95

68 Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 40 MHz 56 MHz CAPACITY Modulation Spectral efficiency 6/7/8 10.5/11 13/15 C/I (db) for BER 10-6 Co-channel interference RSL degradation of 1 db 4QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5B QAM 5B QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5B QAM 5B QAM 6B QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5A/5B 37/35 37/35 37/35 37/35 37/35 37/37 37/37 37/37 128QAM 5A/5B 37/35 37/35 37/35 37/35 37/35 37/37 37/37 37/37 256QAM 6A/6B 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 512QAM 6A/6B 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/ QAM 6B QAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1024QAM tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd 4QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5A/5B 37/35 37/35 37/37 37/37 37/37 37/37 37/37 37/37 128QAM 5A/5B 37/35 37/35 37/37 37/37 37/37 37/37 37/37 37/37 256QAM 6A/6B 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 512QAM 6A/6B 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/40 41/ QAM 6B Note: C/I values for worst case ETSI class. Table 4-11: C/I (db) for BER Co-channel interference (1 db degradation) / /42 Page 68 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

69 Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 40 MHz 56 MHz CAPACITY Modulation Spectral efficiency 6/7/8 10.5/11 13/15 C/I (db) for BER 10-6 Co-channel interference RSL degradation of 3 db 4QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5B QAM 5B QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5B QAM 5B QAM 6B QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5A/5B 33/32 33/32 33/32 33/32 33/32 33/33 33/33 33/33 128QAM 5A/5B 33/32 33/32 33/32 33/32 33/32 33/33 33/33 33/33 256QAM 6A/6B 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 512QAM 6A/6B 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/ QAM 6B QAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1024QAM tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd 4QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5A/5B 33/32 33/32 33/33 33/33 33/33 33/33 33/33 33/33 128QAM 5A/5B 33/32 33/32 33/33 33/33 33/33 33/33 33/33 33/33 256QAM 6A/6B 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 512QAM 6A/6B 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/36 38/ QAM 6B Table 4-12: C/I (db) for BER Co-channel interference (3 db degradation) / /42 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 69 of 95

70 Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 40 MHz 56 MHz CAPACITY Modulation Spectral efficiency 6/7/8 10.5/11 13/15 C/I (db) for BER 10-6 First Adjacent Channel interference RSL degradation of 1 db 4QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5B QAM 5B QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5B QAM 5B QAM 6B QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5A/5B 3/-5 3/-5 3/-5 3/-5 3/-3 3/-3 3/-3 3/-3 128QAM 5A/5B 3/-5 3/-5 3/-5 3/-5 3/-3 3/-3 3/-3 3/-3 256QAM 6A/6B 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 512QAM 6A/6B 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 1024QAM 6B QAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1024QAM tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd 4QAM QAM QAM 4H QAM 5A/5B 3/-5 3/-5 3/-3.5 3/-3.5 3/-3.5 3/-3.5 3/-3.5 3/ QAM 5A/5B 3/-5 3/-5 3/-3.5 3/-3.5 3/-3.5 3/-3.5 3/-3.5 3/ QAM 6A/6B 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 512QAM 6A/6B 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 10/0 1024QAM 6B Note: C/I values for worst case ETSI class. Table 4-13: C/I (db) for BER 10-6 First Adjacent Channel interference (1 db degr.) / /42 Page 70 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

71 Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 40 MHz 56 MHz CAPACITY Modulation Spectral efficiency 6/7/8 10.5/11 13/15 C/I (db) for BER 10-6 First Adjacent Channel interference RSL degradation of 3 db 4QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5B QAM 5B QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5B QAM 5B QAM 6B QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5A/5B -1/-8-1/-8-1/-8-1/-8-1/-7-1/-7-1/-7-1/-7 128QAM 5A/5B -1/-8-1/-8-1/-8-1/-8-1/-7-1/-7-1/-7-1/-7 256QAM 6A/6B 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 512QAM 6A/6B 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/ QAM 6B QAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1024QAM tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd tbd 4QAM QAM 4L QAM 4H QAM 5A/5B -1/-8-1/-8-1/-7.5-1/-7.5-1/-7.5-1/-7.5-1/-7.5-1/ QAM 5A/5B -1/-8-1/-8-1/-7.5-1/-7.5-1/-7.5-1/-7.5-1/-7.5-1/ QAM 6A/6B 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 512QAM 6A/6B 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/-4 7/ QAM 6B Note: C/I values for worst case ETSI class. Table 4-14: C/I (db) for BER 10-6 First Adjacent Channel interference (3 db degr.) / /42 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 71 of 95

72 Channel Spacing (MHz) sweepwidth (MHz) Video filter (KHz) Spectrum analyzer settings Resolution bandwidth (KHz) Amplitude scale (db/div) Total scan time ( sec ) Frequency 7 ±20 0, Auto RF TX actual frequency 14 ±50 0, Auto RF TX actual frequency 28 ±100 0, Auto RF TX actual frequency 40 ±200 0, Auto RF TX actual frequency 56 ±200 0, Auto RF TX actual frequency Table 4-15: a) Signal Mask: parameters definition and analyzer settings (ETSI- 7/14/28/56 MHz Channels) Page 72 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

73 CAPACITY Mask F3 (MHz) F5 (MHz) F6 (MHz) K3 (db) K5 (db) K6 (db) ETSI F1 F2 F4 K1 K2 K4 ref. CS Class (MHz) (MHz) (MHz) (db) (db) (db) MI shape * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** (MHz) 7 MHz <cs< 14 MHz 27.5 <cs< 30 MHz 55 <cs< 60 MHz 4QAM 2 a) QAM 4L b) QAM 4H c) QAM 5B e) QAM 5B e) QAM 2 a) QAM 4L b) QAM 4H c) QAM 5B e) QAM 5B e) QAM 6B e) QAM 2 a) QAM 4L b) QAM 4H c) QAM 5A/5B d)/e) 12.5/12 15/ / / QAM 5A/5B d)/e) 12.5/12 15/ / / QAM 6A/6B d)/e) 12.5/12 15/ / / QAM 6A/6B d)/e) 12.5/12 15/ / / QAM 6B e) QAM 2 a) QAM 4L b) QAM 4H c) QAM 5A/5B d)/e) 25/24 30/29 34/31 40/ QAM 5A/5B d)/e) 25/24 30/29 34/31 40/ QAM 6A/6B d)/e) 25/24 30/29 34/31 40/ QAM 6A/6B d)/e) 25/24 30/29 34/31 40/ QAM 6B e) Note: * : Values applicable for Frequency Bands up to 15 ** : Values applicable for Frequency Bands 17 and higher CS Channel Spacing MI Modulation Index Mask Reference shape definitions: see Table 4-16 a) Table 4-16: b) Signal Masks for Channel Spacing and Modulation (ETSI - 7/14/28/56-60 MHz Channels) ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 73 of 95

74 f0 Number of segments K1 in db f1 in MHz K2 in db f2 in MHz f0 K3 in db f3 in MHz Number segments f0 K1 in db f1 in MHz K2 in db f2 in MHz K3 in db f3 in MHz f0 K4 in db f4 in MHz K5 in db f5 in MHz 4 K1/f1 K2/f2 K3/f3 6 K1/f1 K2/f2 K3/f3 K4/f4 K5/f5 Table 4-17: a) Signal Mask: parameters definition and analyzer settings (ETSI 40 MHz Channel)) CAPACITY Mask F3 (MHz) F5 (MHz) F6 (MHz) K3 (db) K5 (db) K6 (db) ETSI F1 F2 F4 K1 K2 K4 ref. CS Class (MHz) (MHz) (MHz) (db) (db) (db) MI shape *** **** *** **** *** **** *** **** *** **** (MHz) 40 MHz 64QAM 5B QAM 5B QAM 512QAM 6A B A B QAM 6B Note: ***: Values applicable for frequency Bands higher than 10 ****: Values applicable for frequency Bands below 10 CS Channel Spacing MI Modulation Index ma MI non è solo un numero? Mask Reference shape definitions: see Table 4-17 a) Table 4-18: b) Signal Masks for 40 MHz Channel Spacing and Modulation (ETSI) Page 74 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

75 4.4.2 RF Characteristics ANSI Setting CAPACITY GUARANTEED SYSTEM GAIN (db) Channel spacing Modulation 6U QAM ,5 106,8 16QAM ,5 97,8 10 MHz 32QAM ,5 94,8 64QAM ,5 90,8 128QAM ,5 86,8 4QAM ,5 103,8 16QAM ,5 94,8 20 MHz 32QAM ,5 91,8 64QAM ,5 87,8 128QAM ,5 83,8 256QAM ,5 80,8 4QAM ,5 104, QAM ,5 95, QAM 99 97,5 94,5 91, MHz 64QAM 94 93,5 90,5 86, QAM ,5 82, QAM ,5 78, QAM ,5 73, QAM ,5 70,5 72 4QAM ,5 100,8 16QAM , ,5 91,8 32QAM ,5 88,8 40 MHz 64QAM ,5 84,8 128QAM 88 87, ,5 80,8 256QAM 85 84, ,5 77,8 512QAM 80 79, ,5 73,8 1024QAM ,5 70,8 4QAM ,5 99,8 16QAM 99, ,5 90,8 32QAM 96, ,5 87,8 50 MHz 64QAM 91, ,5 83,8 128QAM 87, ,5 79,8 256QAM ,5 76,8 512QAM ,5 72,8 1024QAM 76, ,5 69,8 4QAM 109, , ,5 16QAM , ,5 32QAM 96 94,5 91, ,5 60 MHz 64QAM 91 90,5 87, ,5 128QAM , ,5 256QAM 83, , ,5 512QAM 79, , ,5 1024QAM , ,5 Table 4-19: System BER=10-6 (equiv. FER=5x10-4 ) (ANSI) ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 75 of 95

76 CAPACITY GUARANTEED RX SENSITIVITY (dbm) Channel spacing Modulation 6U MHz 20 MHz 30 MHz 40 MHz 50 MHz 60 MHz 4QAM ,5-84,8 16QAM ,5-78,8 32QAM ,5-75,8 64QAM ,5-72,8 128QAM ,5-69,8 4QAM ,5-81,8 16QAM ,5-75,8 32QAM ,5-72,8 64QAM ,5-69,8 128QAM ,5-66,8 256QAM ,5-63,8 4QAM ,5-81, QAM ,5-75, QAM ,5-73,5-72, QAM ,5-70,5-69, QAM ,5-66, QAM ,5-63, QAM ,5-59, QAM ,5-57,5-56 4QAM ,5-78,8 16QAM , ,5-72,8 32QAM ,5-69,8 64QAM ,5-66,8 128QAM , ,5-63,8 256QAM , ,5-60,8 512QAM , ,5-57,8 1024QAM ,5-54,8 4QAM ,5-77,8 16QAM -76, ,5-71,8 32QAM -73, ,5-68,8 64QAM -69, ,5-65,8 128QAM -66, ,5-62,8 256QAM ,5-59,8 512QAM ,5-56,8 1024QAM -56, ,5-53,8 4QAM -83, , ,5 16QAM , ,5 32QAM ,5-70, ,5 64QAM ,5-67, ,5 128QAM , ,5 256QAM -62, , ,5 512QAM -59, , ,5 1024QAM , ,5 Table 4-20: Guaranteed Rx Sensitivity BER=10-6 (ANSI) Tx Emission Masks (FCC) Tx emission masks are according to FCC regulation CFR 47 part 101 subpart C paragraph (Emission limitations) and are shown in Figure 4-6. Page 76 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

77 RBW has to be selected depending on Tx frequency (see CFR 47 part 101 subpart C paragraph for details). ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 77 of 95

78 Figure 4-3 : FCC Tx Emission Masks Page 78 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

79 4.5 Modem characteristics Modulation Radio Channel Bandwidth (CS = Channel Spacing) Symbol Rate and Gross Bit Rate Modem Radio Frame Coding and Mapping Service Channel Radio Scrambler /Descrambler Fixed: 4QAM, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM,128QAM, 256QAM, 512QAM, 1024QAM Adaptive (AM): from 4 to 1024 QAM (QAM values 4, 16, 64, 256, 1024) 7, 14, 28, 40, 56 MHz (ETSI setting) 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 MHz (ANSI setting) See Table symbols Convolutional coding on the last 2 bit per symbol (R=0.8; R=0.67 for 1024 QAM) RS (241, 252) coding 4 bytes per radio Frame (synch, AM control, ATPC, etc) yes Table 4-21: Modem characteristics 4.6 Baseband and RF connections 100BaseT 10/100/1000 GE Base - T Standard IEEE :2008 IEEE :2008 Symbol rate 125MHz 125MHz Frequency tolerance +/-100ppm +/-100ppm Coding 4B/5B MLT3 8B/10B PAM5 Cable type Cat 5 Cat 5 Connector type Shielded RJ45 Shielded RJ45 Table 4-22: Ethernet Interface characteristics Ethernet Cable (PoE Injector to ODU) Type of cable IDU/ODU Connectors Max. length DC loop resistance of the cable per pair Transmission standards Gross bit rate on the cable Max Cable attenuation on a pair Power Signals on the cable Lightening protection Ethernet twisted multipair cable, S-FTP 24 AWG Cat. 5E ( 33C +55C ) RJ45 Standard 100 m < 25Ω 1000 Base T with PoE 125 MHz MHz DC/DC voltage according to PoE 6KV 10/700 µs. CCITT K17 Table 4-23: IDU-ODU Cable and Connection ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 79 of 95

80 4.6.2 Antenna characteristics Typical antenna gains obtainable at whole band are reported in the Table Output flange at radio unit Output flange at flexible waveguide See Annex 3: ANTENNA Ordering Code & Spec Table 4-24: Antenna Gain 6L 6U UDR70 UDR70 UDR84 UDR84 UBR100 UBR100 UBR120 UBR140 PDR70 PDR70 PDR84 PDR84 PBR100 PBR100 PBR120 PBR140 Wave guide WR137 WR137 WR112 WR112 WR90 WR90 WR75 WR62 Output flange at radio unit Output flange at flexible waveguide UBR220 UBR220 UBR220 UBR220 UBR220 UBR320 UBR320 UBR320 UG383/U PBR220 PBR220 PBR220 PBR220 PBR220 PBR320 PBR320 PBR320 n.a. Wave guide WR42 WR42 WR42 WR42 WR42 WR28 WR28 WR28 WR Man Machine Interface See Annex 5: Flanges for WIDHOP products Table 4-25: RF Antenna Interface Visual Local visual display (LED) not supported in Rel. 4.0 Other CT interface embedded in the IP traffic TMN interface (SNMP) embedded in the IP traffic Table 4-26: Man Machine Interface characteristics Page 80 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

81 4.6.4 Alarms and Housekeeping Connector Not available in Rel Power supply characteristics Battery Mains Directly connected to the PoE Injector or Power Cable in case of O-ODU Directly connected to the PoE Injector (a.c. version) Power Consumption ODU (All Bands) Power Consumption Terminal 1+0 (ODU+PoE) Single source 2 or 4 pairs Power Supply through the IDU-ODU Cable Detection and Power turn-on Minimum Power Output capability Output Voltage in POWER-ON State Table 4-27: Power Primary Source Unbalanced - 48 Vdc range from 40.5 to 57.6 V (positive terminal grounded) Universal AC input full range 30 to 34 W according to the ODU band 30 to 34 W according to the ODU band Table 4-28: Power Consumption (Typical) Alternative A and B Fig IEEE 802.3at both supported As per IEEE 802.3at ; Signature resistance 11 kω > 40 W 57 V Table 4-29: Specifications for Power from the PoE Injector 4.8 Mechanical characteristics ODU O-ODU Antenna 286 x 286 x 82.5 mm - 4,7 Kg 286 x 286 x 100 mm Kg Integrated with 30 cm (1 feet) or 60 cm (2 feet) diameter Separated with larger antennas Table 4-30: Mechanical characteristics 4.9 Electromagnetic compatibility / Safety EMC EN class B ; EN ¼ ; IEC/EN ; IEC Safety IEC /Ec1; EN Power supply ETS Electrostatic discharge emission Lightening EN Class B Surge +- 5KV, wave type 10/700 µsec.(ccitt K45) (for IDU-ODU Cable only) Table 4-31: Electromagnetic compatibility and safety standards ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 81 of 95

82 4.10 Environmental conditions Storage EN class 1.2 Transport EN class 2.3 EN class 4.1 Temperature range : -33 to +55 C Operation ODU Start up guaranteed with 15 min warm up max Cabinet degree protection IEC 529 or equivalent IEC IP 55 Solar radiation max 1120 w/m2 Operation PoE EN class 3.2 extended; Temperature range : -5 C to +55 C Sustainable development RoHS) European directive 2002/95/EC. Sustainable development (WEEE) European directive 2002/96/EC.. ODU Cabinet Degree of Protection Compliant with IEC 529 or equivalent IEC Dust and throw of water : IP65 ODU Cabinet Surface Treatment (96 h Salt Mist) IEC test KA Table 4-32: Environmental Conditions Page 82 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

83 5 Maintenance In this chapter there is included the key information regarding the maintenance activity. 5.1 Maintenance policy The WIDHOP system has been designed to operate with a minimum level of maintenance: the recommended maintenance procedures are here described. The maintenance process can be classified in two levels: First level maintenance: It s represented by periodic system checks (Routine actions) Second level maintenance: Two classes of activities can be identified: o Periodic system measurements and checks (Routine actions) o Troubleshooting and repair (Corrective actions) According to the above philosophy, first level maintenance carries out simple checks, mainly to verify the proper working of the system or whether the second level maintenance operator is necessary or not. Therefore: the first level maintenance operator is authorized to monitor system status or carry out simple test with CT when required by the station manager; the second level maintenance operator is instead authorized to carry out routine tests and if necessary troubleshooting and repair actions. 5.2 Maintenance tools and spare parts The Maintenance policy described in this paragraph is based on maintenance tools and spare parts availability Software tools The main software tool available is the CT which allows to display alarms, system status, measurements and performances of the system by means of PC based procedures described in the Operator s Manual. The CT can be connected locally to the equipment, but also used in a remote configuration, connected via the IP data network. If an OS is implemented and connected, it s possible to carry out remotely activities similar to those performed with CT Maintenance toolkit The tools required for the system installation and maintenance activities, contained in the Installation and maintenance Tool Bag, are described in detail in the Installation and Test Manual ZZZA500063AB PPA. ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 83 of 95

84 5.2.3 Spare parts policy The spare part policy is defined as follows: Replacement of the complete ODU Replacement of the PoE In case of ODU failure, after replacement it is necessary to reconfigure the system with the previous station parameters using the CT. It must be reminded that the spare part units present in the stock must have exactly the same part number to the replaceable units equipped in the system Spare parts quantity The total amount of spare parts depends from Customer Requirements and it is influenced by the network size, MTBF and MTTR values, etc General rules on spare parts management Before storing the spare units make sure that they are working by inserting them in an operating equipment. It s suggested to periodically check the spare units that have not been used for more than an year. Make sure that spare part units are protected against dust and damp. Spare parts handling must be done following the below rules: wrap spare parts in antistatic and padded envelopes Do not touch spare parts with wet surfaces or chemical agents that might damage them (e.g.gas) If during transportation the temperature is lower than the room where the spare parts have to be used, they should be kept for a certain period at the ambient temperature or in a climatic chamber to prevent thermal shocks and/or possibility of steaming up. 5.3 First level maintenance In the following there are described the actions suggested as first level ROUTINE actions First level maintenance personnel skills The skills required for first level maintenance Personnel are identified as: Technical background in telecommunications and experience in first level maintenance activities Adequate knowledge of the product Clear instructions about what to do and who must be contacted in case the system is found in non-normal conditions Craft terminal (CT): commonly used commands When expressly authorized by the Station Manager a First Level Maintenance Operator can perform a few basic actions with the CT for a more precise analysis of the system status. Here below there are listed the basic commands while for details about the associated CT screens refer to the Operator s Manual ZZZA500064AB PQA. Page 84 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

85 a) CT connection and start up (see par. 2.4/2.5 OMN) b) Supervision of the System Status: Transmitted and Received power levels (see Main Window - cap OMN) c) Detailed alarm roots monitoring (see System Status window: par OMN) d) Radio Frequency operation (see Radio Interface Management window - par.2.8 OMN) e) Event & Alarm Event History (see Event History window par OMN) f) Monitoring of Quality of service and Statistics (see Statistics and Performances windows par and 2.14 OMN) 5.4 Second level maintenance The Second Level maintenance actions classified in Routine and Corrective actions as defined in par. 5.1 are described in the following. As a general warning for the maintenance personnel, before carrying out second level maintenance actions it s recommended to carefully read and apply EMC & Safety instructions and rules reported in chapter Second level maintenance personnel skills Second Level maintenance Personnel skills are identified as: Technical background on telecommunications and experience in second level maintenance activities Enough deep knowledge of the product and in particular in CT applications Routine maintenance Routine second level maintenance is based on a set of measurements and checks with the purpose to find out if any part of the system needs adjustment or replacements. To this objective the proper status of the system connections and the transmission quality are assessed. Its suggested to carry out on an yearly basis the following routine actions: 1) Mechanical checks: Check the correct connection of: Power supply plug Cables Waveguides Mounting fixtures 2) Grounding checks: Check that the rack, subracks and IDU-ODU cable are properly grounded. 3) Power cables checks: Check if: the power cable is safely grounded the subrack is tightly fastened to the rack with screws to guarantee a correct grounding (the rack must be connected to the station ground) Carrying out these activities apply Safety instructions and rules reported in cap. 6. 4) Operative checks: Perform checks by CT as described in the Operator s Manual ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 85 of 95

86 5.4.3 Corrective maintenance The corrective maintenance implies to use procedures in order to recover the proper operation of a faulty system or when an incorrect behavior is reported General flow chart In the following Fig. 5-1 the set of procedures involved in corrective maintenance is depicted: a short description is provided in the following paragraphs. Note: In the following IDU is used to indicate either types of PSE depending on the installed configuration of the system. PoE replacement Try again with another unit Possible intermittent failure PoE faulty Alarm acknowledgement Troubleshooting via craft terminal System check via craft terminal N Fault repaired? If possible restore replaced unit in the system and perform system check via CT to verify that the unit is really faulty N Fixed fault? Restore spare part in the system and perform system check via craft terminal Send back faulty unit to repair center together with repair form filled in END Y Y ODU faulty ODU replacement Y=yes N=no Figure 5-1: Corrective maintenance general flow chart Page 86 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

87 Alarm acknowledgement The need for an Operator intervention is notified in these possible ways: remotely in a maintenance center where a CT is present by means of the activation of an alarm/status LED in the Main window. remotely in a TMN maintenance center when the OS recognize through the alarm status monitoring function that a problem is raised in a certain station. When an Operator starts to manage the problem in the local station, it is recommended to inform remote supervision centers in order to avoid any overlapping of activity. There is no exclusion rule between SNMP and CT management Troubleshooting via craft terminal The CT application software offers procedures and services helpful for troubleshooting. Here below are summarized the main procedures to run with a short description. For detailed instructions related to these procedures refer to the Operator s Manual ZZZA500064AB PQA. 1. Alarm service : Alarm service allows the operator to find out the alarms present in the radio terminal and from their analysis to identify the faulty unit to replace with a spare part 2. Tx mute function: This function allows to switch off the transmitter to avoid unwanted interferences on other systems. It s useful during maintenance activity in case of transmitter failure, while replacing it with a spare transmitter for which the working frequency is not yet properly set 3. Loopbacks: the CT gives the possibility to perform loopback tests on the radio part. Note: Setting the RF Loopback in the remote terminal of a link isolates this terminal and therefore has to be avoided. 4. TX RX measurement feature: This feature shows the transmitter and receiver power levels and can help in finding the cause of problems related to transmission section, cabling, radiating devices 5. Log service: In order to solve more complex and typically unstable problems the CT offers Log service which makes available log files with historical data. Alarm log size is of 200 entries using FIFO principle. A manual reset is available to clear the entire historical log file. The analysis of these data requires skilled personnel with adequate knowledge of the product and of microwave radio links aspects 6. Performance Monitoring : the analysis of the Statistics and Performance Monitoring counters allows to verify the quality of the service in the last period, to crosscheck customer s complains and take corrective actions in case some critical operation conditions are recognized Replacement of Parts in case of faults The procedures and operations to be followed in case some faulty part need to be replaced are detailed in the OMN par Inventory data Inventory data are used for identification of hardware and software releases, for additional maintenance and for customer specific purposes. The inventory data are stored in the Flash Memory of the ODU card at the factory and updated in case of SW download. An interface is available to store card label data offline (i.e. when the ODU card is not powered). The coding of the individual fields in the Card Label is in ASCII format and all not used bytes are filled with SPACE. Table 5-1 shows the list of the inventory data stored on the Flash. ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 87 of 95

88 Part of the Inventory data can be accessed by CT or OS during the normal operation of the system (see Operator s Manual OMN par Inventory window): Board type (Mnemonic) Customer Part Number Serial number MAC Information field name Offset Length (Byte) Format Identifier 0 2 Company Identifier 2 4 Card Type (Mnemonic) 6 16 CLEI Code Factory Unit Part Number + ICS Software/Firmware PN + ICS Factory Identifier 64 4 Serial Number Date Identifier (see note) 84 2 Date 86 6 Customer Part Number Checksum Note ) The Date Identifier is normally set to 00 indicating that the Date filed shows Date of manufacture - Final System Test. The use of a different date identifier with a different meaning for the Date field is considered a Customer Request and must be agreed with commercial departments. Table 5-1: Inventory data list The data related to the SW load SW data label SW version & data with a Copyright remark (which are stored in the Flash memory as well and are updated in case of a SW download) are available opening by CT or OS the Admin/Upgrade window (see OMN par ) Faulty unit repair and repair form Repair policy is driven by the following basic principles: 1) Faulty unit repairs must be done by authorized repair centers only. 2) In order to make more efficient and effective the repair activity in the repair center, data and information from the field about the faulty unit have to be provided when sending it back. To this purpose a Repair Form (see Table 5.2) has to be filled by maintenance operators and returned to the repair center together with the faulty unit. 3) The repair center will add repair information to the Repair Form before sending back it together with the repaired unit to the customer. Page 88 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

89 To be filled by customer To be filled by repair center REPAIR FORM Fill in this form and return it to the repair center with any faulty unit General information Customer... Order/Contract N... Site... Country... System... Product release... Unit... Part Number... Serial Number... Fault phase Installation/Turn on Operation Maintenance Fault still present after repair Clear fault Intermittent fault Upgrade Repair reason Table 5-2: Repair Form Software Rel... Performance drop Temperature fault Quality alert Presumed cause Internal Lightening Air cond. Other Date... Sender Name... No fault found Standard repairing Upgrade Processing Not repairable Replaced Quality alert Repairing Number... Comments Detected faults Soldering Wiring Component Mechanical Adjustment PCB Dirt Corrosion Other Repairing Center... Date... Sender Name... Comments ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 89 of 95

90 6 Safety Rules and Precautions 6.1 First Aid for Electric Shocks Do not touch the patient with bare hands until the circuit has been opened. Open the circuit by switching the line switches off. If that is not possible, protect yourself with dry material and free the patient from the conductor. 6.2 Artificial Respiration It is important to start mouth to mouth resuscitation at once and seek doctor help immediately. The mouth to mouth method to apply is described here below. Mouth to mouth resuscitation method 1. Lay the patient supine with his arms parallel with the body. If the patient is laying on an inclined plane, make sure that his stomach is slightly lower than his chest. Open the patient s mouth and check that there are no extraneous bodies in his mouth (dentures, chewing-gum, etc.). 2. Kneel beside the patient level with his head. Put a hand under the patient s head and one under his neck (Fig. 6-1) Lift the patient s head and let it recline backwards as far as possible. Figure 6-1: Artificial respiration procedure (1/4) 3. Shift the hand from the patient s neck to his chin: place your thumb between his chin and his mouth, the index along his jawbone, and keep the other fingers closed together (Fig. 6-2). While performing these operations take a good supply of oxygen by taking deep breaths with your mouth open. Figure 6-2: Artificial respiration procedure (2/4) 4. With your thumb between patient s chin and mouth keep his lips together and blow into his nasal cavities (Fig. 6-3). Figure 6-3: Artificial respiration procedure (3/4) Page 90 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01

91 5. While performing these operations, observe if the patient s chest rises (Fig. 6-4). If not, it is possible that his nose is blocked: in that case, open the patient s mouth as much as possible by pressing on his chin with your hand, place your lips around his mouth and blow into his oral cavity. Observe if patient s chest heaves. This second method can be used instead of the first even when the patient s nose is not obstructed, provided his nose is kept closed by pressing the nostrils together by using the hand you were holding his head with. The patient s head must be kept sloping backwards as much as possible. Figure6-4: Artificial respiration procedure (4/4) 6. Start with ten rapid expirations, hence continue at a rate of twelve/fifteen expirations per minute. Go on like this until the patient has regained consciousness, or until a doctor has ascertained his death. 6.3 Treatment of Burns This treatment should be used after the patient has regained consciousness. It can also be employed while the artificial respiration is being applied (in this case, there should be at least two persons present). Important: Do not attempt to remove his clothing from the burnt parts. Apply dry gauze on the burns. Do not apply ointments or other oily substances. 6.4 Safety Rules General Rules Before carrying out any installation, turn on, tests & operation and maintenance operations carefully read the related Handbooks. When equipment is operating nobody is allowed to have access inside on the equipment parts which are protected with Cover Plate Shields removable with tools. In case of absolute need to have access inside, on the equipment parts when it is operating this is allowed exclusively to properly trained personnel. For the eventual cleaning of the external parts of the equipment, absolutely do not use any inflammable substance or substances which in some way may alter the markings, inscriptions etc. It is recommended to use a slightly wet cleaning cloth. Whenever the safety protection features have been impaired, REMOVE POWER. To cut off power proceed to switch off the power supply units as well as cut off power station upstream (rack or station distribution frame). ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01 Page 91 of 95

92 6.4.2 Warnings for the electrical safety All product parts are to be designed in compliance with EN : information technology equipment- Safety. The equipment must be installed, started up, managed and repaired only by properly trained personnel. The following plate defines the points on the inner units of the system that can have voltages exceeding the SELV and/or TNV levels described into EN60950 (>120 Vdc). Please take care that: Before supplying the equipment, it is necessary to complete the wiring of the connections to the protection ground, the insertion of all the units and/or modules provided for the requested configuration and also the connection of all the necessary connectors. The connection to the protection ground must not be removed or damaged. The equipment supplying system must be provided with a sectioning device upstream the connector. Before disconnecting the connectors, check that the supply has been removed by means of the sectioning device installed upstream Microwave radiations Microwave radiations can endanger your health. Ensure the transmitters are switched OFF before working close to and in front of the antennas. No dangerous level of microwave radiations exists outside the antenna feeder. Nevertheless, body should not be exposed to the radiation in front of the antenna (< 0.5 m) for a long time (> 6 minutes) Dangerous materials For the elimination at the end of life, this equipment is inside the class (other electronic material out of order) of the EUROPEAN CATALOGUE OF WASTES defined with CEE/CEEA/CECA decision NR. 2001/118/CE of Inside this product, some materials can be present that must not be exposed to flames or to high temperatures. Such conditions can cause toxic fumes that must not absolutely be inhaled. Some metallic elements, necessary for the EMC shielding, content beryllium. Then it is necessary to pay high attention during the use of such elements to avoid their breakage or abrasion. Page 92 of 95 ZZZA500062AB PN A - ed. 01