Future Wireless Opportunities for Millimetre Wave Systems

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Future Wireless Opportunities for Millimetre Wave Systems"

Katherine Gallagher
5 years ago
Views:

1 Future Wireless Opportunities for Millimetre Wave Systems 19 th European Wireless Research Conference University of Surrey, Guildford, UK April 16-18, 2013 Douglas Castor Principal Engineer, Innovation Labs 2013 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

InterDigital Snapshot Approximately 200 engineers developing fundamental technology used in every cellular wireless device Innovations and Technology development ahead of the curve, examples 1985:

2 InterDigital Snapshot Approximately 200 engineers developing fundamental technology used in every cellular wireless device Innovations and Technology development ahead of the curve, examples 1985: First digital wireless call 2000+: Leading contributor to LTE and HSPA architectures Almost 20,000 issued and pending patents at year-end History of successful technology development partnerships (e.g. Infineon, Nokia, Siemens, Sony, etc.) 1. As of June 30, 2012, Not pro forma for pending $375 million patent sale to Intel Corporation announced on June 18, 2012 R&D, Montreal, Canada R&D, Melville, NY London, UK (2013) R&D, San Diego, CA R&D, King of Prussia, PA Headquarters, Wilmington, DE All trademarks are the sole property of their respective owners InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

mmw Background Propagation and Channel Use Cases and

The Bandwidth Crunch How much BW is needed?

Population Density Devices/ Person Busy Hour Required Area Capacity 2013

9Mbps x 5191/km 2 x 1.40 x 20% 4.2 Gbps/km 2 2020 30Mbps x 5477/km 2 x 1.

2 at 500m cell size In 2016 we might need 317MHz of spectrum By 2020 we

Only mmw bands can support this demand 1 Cisco VNI 2012 2 3GPP TR 36.

6 The Bandwidth Crunch How much BW is needed? A Conjecture on year 2020 spectrum requirements Average Speeds 1 Population Density Devices/ Person Busy Hour Required Area Capacity Mbps x 4984/km 2 x 1.20 x 15% 0.7 Gbps/km Mbps x 5191/km 2 x 1.40 x 20% 4.2 Gbps/km Mbps x 5477/km 2 x 1.70 x 25% 70 Gbps/km 2 London Assuming only the performance of LTE-A today 2 at 500m cell size In 2016 we might need 317MHz of spectrum By 2020 we might need more than 5GHz! Only mmw bands can support this demand 1 Cisco VNI GPP TR (Microcellular model: 2.6b/s/Hz/Cell, ISD=500m, 4x2MIMO) Assumes perfect trunking efficiencies 100X by 2020, and will keep growing InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

Spectrum Requirements (GHz) Emerging solutions to combat Bandwidth Crunch Spectrum Sharing United States PCAST: share 1,000MHz of federal spectrum with cellular providers European Commission Licensed

7 Spectrum Requirements (GHz) Emerging solutions to combat Bandwidth Crunch Spectrum Sharing United States PCAST: share 1,000MHz of federal spectrum with cellular providers European Commission Licensed Shared Access (LSA) concept 1,200 MHz additional identified by 2015 for wireless broadband ~ 10X more spectrum x ~ 5X spatial reuse But... Higher risk in solution deployments compared to certainty of data demand Other complications: What about small cell backhaul? Interference problems? Reaching to 1000x will take significantly more spectrum x Small Cells Simple model showing benefits of small cells 2.6b/s/Hz/cell (LTE Only) 0 500m 400m 300m 200m Intersite Distance(meters) ~ 2X = 100X spectral efficiency InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

Denser topologies are synergistic with mmw Small Cells and Personal Area Communications It has always been about making the network more efficient Main driver of capacity growth last 50 years 1 2000x

8 Denser topologies are synergistic with mmw Small Cells and Personal Area Communications It has always been about making the network more efficient Main driver of capacity growth last 50 years x Number of cells Broadcast Cellular Microcell Picocell Nano Femto WiFi Ultra-dense Device to Device mmw Hotspots 20x Radio Design 25x More Spectrum This is unlikely to change anytime soon Next step: ultra-dense and hotspot technology using sophisticated wireless access and backhaul Falling device cost & wealth of spectrum will drive millimeter wave (mmw) use for dense wireless networks (3.5GHz 5GHz 10GHz 20GHz 60Hz ) Millimeter Wave: The Next Frontier for Spectrum Utilization 1 Source: Agilent, 2008 (Coopers Law) InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

9 Available bandwidth GHz 1.3 GHz 1.4 GHz GHz GHz 9 GHz 5 GHz 5 GHz 2.9 GHz GHz mmw Spectrum Opportunities 6 23 GHz Frequently used fixed point-to-point, smaller BW allocations LMDS Wireless cable TV (point-tomultipoint), competitive local exchange carriers (CLEC) for businesses, non-contiguous band. Currently these bands are lightly used. 39 GHz Fixed point-to-point links for backhaul. 60 GHz Unlicensed mmw band (actual allocations vary by country) 40 GHz Currently unallocated for terrestrial communications, adjacent to radio astronomy band. E-Band Lightly licensed spectrum for directional point -topoint links (specific rules vary by country) 46 GHz Vehicle radars and cordless phones in small portions of the band, otherwise unallocated. 30GHz of candidate spectrum unlicensed or lightly used InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

mmw Propagation: Misconception about pathloss Pathloss is too high for mmw data - incorrect Free

pathloss if multiple antennas are packed into equivalent area, as frequencies increases An

11 mmw Propagation: Misconception about pathloss Pathloss is too high for mmw data - incorrect Free space pathloss equation for isotropic antennas PL 20log 4 df c 20log d 20log No additional pathloss if multiple antennas are packed into equivalent area, as frequencies increases An advantage over lower frequencies if higher order directivity mechanisms are employed (e.g. highly directive beams) However, impact from environment is more severe f k Assumes antenna proportional to λ 2 Spreading of energy over sphere not dependent on frequency InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

mmw Propagation Challenges compared to 2GHz 2GHz Negligible rain and air 8dB shadow losses mmw db s of rain and air losses higher at 1km ~20dB shadow losses What does this tell us?

12 mmw Propagation Challenges compared to 2GHz 2GHz Negligible rain and air 8dB shadow losses mmw db s of rain and air losses higher at 1km ~20dB shadow losses What does this tell us? Opportunities at shorter ranges (<1km) Need mitigation against foliage losses More antenna gain Mesh architectures 2GHz Oxygen absorption band Environmental Losses 2GHz 40Ghz 60GHz Oxygen + water vapor (per km) 0.007dB.1dB 15dB Rain (per km) 0.003dB 7dB 10dB Foliage 8dB 20dB 22dB 60GHz InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

mmw Propagation NLOS Studies Very few NLOS measurements made until recently LMDS band studied in [1], showing ~50% coverage for <1km radius at 28GHz. NYU Poly (T.

City and College Campus (Texas) ~25dB gain antennas [1] S.Y. Seidel and H.W.

13 mmw Propagation NLOS Studies Very few NLOS measurements made until recently LMDS band studied in [1], showing ~50% coverage for <1km radius at 28GHz. NYU Poly (T. Rappaport) 5G Cellular pathloss and channel measurements at mmw (28GHz, 38GHz, 60GHz, 70GHz) Demonstrated ~200m coverage with no outage is possible using steerable antennas Measurements in New York City and College Campus (Texas) ~25dB gain antennas [1] S.Y. Seidel and H.W. Arnold, "Propagation measurements at 28 GHz to investigate the performance of local multipoint distribution service (LMDS)," in IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom), Nov. 1995, pp T. Rappaport, The Renaissance of Wireless Communications in the Massible Broadband Era, IEEE VTC, 5 Sep InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

supported with data rates of 10-28 Gbps 3D over WirelessHD Standardized

15 mmw Personal Area Network (PAN) Consumer video device connectivity Tablets, portable media players and smartphones Uncompressed video supported with data rates of Gbps 3D over WirelessHD Standardized through Wireless HD and IEEE c InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

mmw Local Area Network (LAN) Wireless Office connectivity High Speed Wireless Networking Broad range suitability for mobile devices and computing Standardized through WiGIG and IEEE 802.

16 mmw Local Area Network (LAN) Wireless Office connectivity High Speed Wireless Networking Broad range suitability for mobile devices and computing Standardized through WiGIG and IEEE ad: Up to 7 Gbps. Triband Wi-Fi support over 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 60 GHz New aj (China mmw) considering new use cases Proposed data rates of > 10 Gbps in 45 GHz (Chinese allocation) Rapid Download Mass Data from Fixed Devices (e.g. Kiosk) Wireless access and backhaul Cloud Computing /Storage & Mass Data Synchronization Source: WiGig Alliance Whitepaper, InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

17 Future opportunities for mmw PAN and LAN Opportunity & Challenges Increased mmw Spatial Multiplexing Adaptive Beamforming Current state-of-the art Only analog beamforming, limited spatial multiplexing Multiple RF front-ends are expensive Lengthy beam training procedures create excess overhead Next Step mmw multi-stream MIMO (single user through multiusers) Multiple RF front-end with digital beamforming Fast adaptation can provide robustness to dropouts Range extension Simple 1-hop relay Full mesh architecture Multi-band operation Fast session transfer in ad allows full transfer between bands Partition control and data into separate bands InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

Millimeter Wave Use Cases for 5G Cellular 60-80 GHz Small Mesh Backhaul Backhaul is a top priority for small cell deployments 80% of small cells will have wireless backhaul Cost of

small cells will have a wireless backhaul solution Access Access link capacity needs to grow to support 80% CAGR in data demand Radio integration into devices has already begun,

18 Millimeter Wave Use Cases for 5G Cellular GHz Small Mesh Backhaul Backhaul is a top priority for small cell deployments 80% of small cells will have wireless backhaul Cost of fiber is ~4x greater than wireless (cumulative CAPEX/OPEX) Small Cell mesh inter-connectivity over ~150m Large indoor and outdoor public spaces 1 ABI reports that by % of all small cells will have a wireless backhaul solution Access Access link capacity needs to grow to support 80% CAGR in data demand Radio integration into devices has already begun, enabling mmw bands for small cell access Initially for cable replacement in 2013, longer term for access By 2016, mmw will be in 1/3 of shipments InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

mmw for Small Cell Capacity Relief mmwave Hotspots

backhaul and access solutions to solve the future

100x! Traditional Cellular Link mmw access Leverage

available Enable wireless backhaul Extend support

MAC/PHY and add directional mesh networking to

Adapt 3GPP RAN Architecture to support multi-rat

19 mmw for Small Cell Capacity Relief mmwave Hotspots (mmh) Next G enb mmw backhaul Higher frequency backhaul and access solutions to solve the future wireless capacity problem - Capacity growth above 100x! Traditional Cellular Link mmw access Leverage mmw radios which are becoming commercially available Enable wireless backhaul Extend support to Access links and integrate with 3GPP Extend mmw MAC/PHY and add directional mesh networking to provide high capacity, low cost backhaul solution Adapt 3GPP RAN Architecture to support multi-rat mmw Full mmh Architecture InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

20 mmh Architecture mb = Millimeter Wave Basestation mba = mb Aggregator GPP Options for Network Integration Interfaces with Core Network using standards based WLAN/3GPP interworking Mesh extension of existing mmw MAC/PHY Shared mb equipment for backhaul and access Multi-band (2.4/5/60 GHz) support for enhanced coverage 3GPP mb underlay integrated with RAN architecture, with no Core Network impact Control plane functions provided by enb Additional data capacity provided by local mb Impact limited to RAN nodes, with no impact to core InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

More than 500x over today s small cell capacity Campus Deployment

information for each grid point Goal of 70 Gbps/km 2 can be met,

demonstrated in most scenarios (Campus, Urban and Munich) 150m

21 More than 500x over today s small cell capacity Campus Deployment Foliage 150m Ray tracing software computes power, delay, and AoA information for each grid point Goal of 70 Gbps/km 2 can be met, with excess capacity useable for wireless backhaul 90% coverage demonstrated in most scenarios (Campus, Urban and Munich) 150m inter-site distances is reasonable InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

22 Challenge! - Human Blockage How significant is human blockage (20dB penetration)? Statistical simulations performed to analyze probability and impact of blockages Steerable directional antenna solutions are essential for robust networks Blockage from Other People 0.5 blockers / m 2 No blockers Impact of ~45% cell TP Self Blockage Self Blockage No Self Blockage Impact of ~15% cell TP Simulation Assumptions Probabilistic model of multiple paths to each terminal 730 people/km 2, randomly oriented Beamwidth: 30deg (Tx), 60 deg (Rx) InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

scheduling Requirements Scheduling approach

data transmissions Accommodations for Traffic

23 Challenge! - Directional Mesh (for Backhaul) Existing MAC solutions have limited directional neighbor support s: Mesh extension for.11 omnidirectional transmissions ad: single-hop relay mode, no multi-hop Traditional CSMA techniques are limited to time domain scheduling Requirements Scheduling approach to address deafness Simultaneous directional data transmissions Accommodations for Traffic QoS prioritization and buffer occupancy must be build into design Mesh Management Scheduling / Qos Prioritization Directional- Mesh MAC Forwarding Interference Management InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

Uncoordinated 60GHz can also be impacted by interference Solutions to consider Receiver interference cancellation techniques Scheduling and

24 Gbps Challenge! - Interference Mitigation Co-linear spaced deployments in urban canyons suffer significant interference from LOS and multi-path Uncoordinated 60GHz can also be impacted by interference Solutions to consider Receiver interference cancellation techniques Scheduling and Radio Resource management (centralized vs. distributed controls) Measurements and interference mapping th Percentile Link Throughput Perfect Interference Cancellation With Interference 5 GHz 60 GHz InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

25 Summary mmw is the next frontier in mobile broadband spectrum Satisfies exponential data demand mmw devices will be available Viable candidate for 5G Mobile 2012 saw increasing research interest in mmw 3GPP R12 and beyond planning NSF AIR Project & NYU-Poly IWPC MoGiG IEEE aj (China mmw) More research collaborations are needed RF Phased Arrays MAC & PHY for directional links Network integration InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

Millimeter wave: An excursion in a new radio interface for 5G

Millimeter wave: An excursion in a new radio interface for 5G Alain Mourad Cambridge Wireless, London 03 February 2015 Creating the Living Network Outline 5G radio interface outlook Millimeter wave A new