Power Supply topologies for Metering Applications. EMEA Marketing & Application team

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Anissa Conley
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1 Power Supply topologies for Metering Applications EMEA Marketing & Application team

2 Agenda Power supply requirements AC/DC topologies for single- and three-phase meters ST component selection and usage Application reference designs AC/DC converters & controllers DC/DC converters Low-dropout voltage regulators (LDOs) Power MOSFETs for Metering

3 Metering SMPS Requirements

To 440 to 500 V AC Input connection Bridge connection SMPS works even if only 2 wires are connected Single

4 Power supply requirements - Input Single phase From 60 to 180 V AC To 265 to 300 V AC In short periods of time (6 hours one week) To 440 to 500 V AC Preferred single rectifier for non-isolated SMPS Poly phase From 60 to 180 V AC To 440 to 500 V AC Input connection Bridge connection SMPS works even if only 2 wires are connected Single rectifier SMPS stops working if the Neutral is disconnected Common requirements high level of surge protection (4 to 6 kv)

5 Power supply requirements - Output Simple e-meter No communication only measurement and data processing Output power: ~ 1 to 5 W Output voltage: 3.3/5 V typical supply for MCU, metering, and display Smart e-meter includes communication PLC, GSM Output power Average: 2 to 6 W Peak power: up to 5 to 15 W Output voltages: 3.3/5 V and 10 to 15 V Concentrator Output power: 10 to 25 W Output voltages: 3.3/5 V and 10 to 15 V

Power supply requirements - Others Operating frequency The communication frequency of Smart meters is typically between 60 and 100 khz Therefore, the preferred operating frequency is > 100 khz

6 Power supply requirements - Others Operating frequency The communication frequency of Smart meters is typically between 60 and 100 khz Therefore, the preferred operating frequency is > 100 khz Magnetic field immunity The SMPS must be able to survive magnetic fields up to 0.5 T!!! Distance of field source to SMPS several centimeters Typically the SMPS must survive, but operation can be halted In certain cases, limited operation may also be required in this condition

E-meter supply topology SMPS 10 to 15 V PLM e-meter An SMPS consists of: AC/DC converter 10 to 15 V communication typically directly generated by AC/DC 3.

7 E-meter supply topology SMPS 10 to 15 V PLM e-meter An SMPS consists of: AC/DC converter 10 to 15 V communication typically directly generated by AC/DC 3.3/5V MCU and other circuits Directly generated by SMPS + simple, - lower precision DC-DC from 10 to 15 V + more components, - precision of both outputs is good LDO either from unregulated output of AC/DC or from 10 to 15 V 3.3V/5V ISO mandatory for 3-phase e- meter using shunts either isolated DC- DC or other output from AC/DC from transformer // 3.3/5 V 3.3/5V ISO MCU Human interface Metrology Metrology in poly phase

8 AC/DC - Topologies

9 AC/DC Topologies applicable for Metering SMPS BUCK converter emeters FLYBACK converter SMART meters and Concentrators

10 Buck Converter Limitations and Advantages Output 5 to 15 V, up to 300 ma (Viper26) Tolerance ±1 V Input Considering 100 V surge pulse up to 700 V DC It means 500 V AC Minimum voltage from 40 V DC (Viper06) to 100 V DC (Viper26) Operating frequency 30 or 60 khz for Viper06 60 khz for Viper16 or Viper khz recommended only in case of 15 V output and no operation in CCM Applicable components Viperx6, Viperx1

11 Flyback Converter Limitations and Advantages Output Any voltage (typically 3.3V and 15V) Simple to realize more outputs High precision for one output (±3%) Power Altair04-900: 4 to 12 W (peak) Viperx1/6: 12 to 20 W L6566BH: Up to 30 W (in fact, not limited) Input maximum Viper: Up to 440 V AC for a limited time Altair04-900: Up to 460 V AC (permanent connection) L6566BH + 950V/1.2kV MOSFET: Up to 500 V AC Operating frequency Typically above 100 khz (115 khz, 100 to 130 khz)

12 ST components selection and usage

13 Simple e-meter Buck converter Monolithic solution VIPerPlus family Off-line converters (controller + HV MOSFET) VIper06X, Viper06L, Viper01X, Viper11X, Viper16L, Viper26L LDK220, LDL212, ST715 Regulators R1 D2 D3 L1 R6 D1 ~AC RV1 C4 C1 VDD U1 PWM Controller Drain FB R2 C5 R7 C3 COMP LIM GND C2 D4 STTH108 R5 R4 R3 5-12V Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier STTH108 C8 D5 STTH108 L2 C6 U2 IN LR GND OUT C7 3.3V GND

14 1- phase meter, Concentrator Flyback no isol. Monolithic solution limitation 800V MOSFET Transient voltage surge suppressor (400W 600W 100V 200V) SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier STTH108 Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier (200V-300V 1A, 2A families) STTH*02 R1 D2 D8 L1 T1 10V - 15V C1 R6 D7 D3 C2 3.3V - 5V ~AC RV1 C4 C5 R7 D5 STTH108 D4 C3 GND VIPerPlus family Off-line converters (controller + HV MOSFET) Viper01H, Viper11H, Viper06H, Viper16H, and Viper26H U1 R10 C9 PWM Controller COMP R9 LIM Drain GND FB VDD D6 C8 R12 R11 Schottky diodes (60V to 150V families) STPS*60, STPS*80, STPS*100, STPS*150 Signal Schottky diodes (30V to 80V families) BAT*, BAR* *6263, TMBYV*

15 DIS VREF MODE/SC OSC SS COMP GND CS AC_OK FMOD HVS Vcc phase meter, Concentrator Flyback no isol Discrete solution MOSFET up to 1.5 kv available, drawback higher complexity Off-line controller L6566BH R1 D6 Transient voltage surge suppressor (400W 600W 100V 200V) SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE D7 K5 Power MOSFET STx2N95K5, STx5N95K5 (950V) STx2N105K5, STx5N105K5, STx7N105K5 (1050V) STx1N120K5, STx8N120K5 (1200V) L1 Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier STTH108 D4 D2 D3 STTH108 T1 Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier (200V-300V 1A, 2A families) STTH*02 D8 D9 C13 10V - 15V 3.3V - 5V C12 GND ~AC RV1 C5 R4 R18 C11 22uF/400V 15 C6 22uF/400V VFF R8 C8 R21 C9 C3 100n U1 L6566BH ZCD 11 GD 4 C4 22uF/35V C10 R22 D5 STx2N95K5 Q1 R20 R6 R23 C15 U2 C R7 10k R9 Schottky diodes (60V to 150V families) STPS*60, STPS*80, STPS*100, STPS*150 Signal Schottky diodes (30V to 80V families) BAT*, BAR* *6263, TMBYV* Standard OA TS391

16 3-phase meter Flyback, single rectifier Monolithic solution simple, drawback peak power limited up to 8 9W R9 R8 D11 D9 D10 D8 Transient voltage surge suppressor (400W 600W 100V 200V) SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier STTH108 Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier (200V-300V 1A, 2A families) STTH*02 R1 D1 D2 L1 T1 10V - 15V RV1 C1 R2 D4 D3 C2 3.3V - 5V ~AC RV2 RV3 C3 C5 R3 D6 STTH108 D5 C4 GND Altair Off-line converters (controller + 900V MOSFET) U1 Altair Drain COMP IREF GND S R5 PWM Controller C6 R7 ZCD/FB VDD D7 R4 C7 R6 Schottky diodes (60V to 150V families) STPS*60, STPS*80, STPS*100, STPS*150 C8

17 DIS VREF MODE/SC OSC SS COMP GND CS AC_OK FMOD HVS Vcc phase meter Flyback, single rectifier Discrete solution MOSFET up to 1.5 kv available, no power limitation, drawback higher complexity K5 Power MOSFET Transient voltage surge suppressor STx2N95K5, STx5N95K5 (950V) (400W 600W 100V 200V) STx2N105K5, STx5N105K5, SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE STx7N105K5 (1050V) STx1N120K5, STx8N120K5 (1200V) Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier STTH108 T1 Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier (200V-300V 1A, 2A families) STTH*02 10V - 15V R3 R2 R1 D12 D10 D6 D13 D11 D7 Off-line controller L6566BH L1 D4 D2 D3 STTH108 D8 D9 C13 3.3V - 5V C12 GND ~AC RV1 RV2 RV3 C5 R4 R18 C11 22uF/400V 15 C6 22uF/400V VFF R8 C8 C9 C3 100n U1 L6566BH R21 ZCD GD C4 22uF/35V 11 4 C10 R22 D5 STx2N95K5 Q1 R20 R6 R23 C15 C R7 10k U2 R9 Schottky diodes (60V to 150V families) STPS*60, STPS*80, STPS*100, STPS*150 Signal Schottky diodes (30V to 80V families) BAT*, BAR* *6263, TMBYV* Standard OA TS391

18 3-phase meter Flyback, bridge rectifier Monolithic solution simple, drawback peak power limited up to 8 9W R1 - + Transient voltage surge suppressor (400W 600W; 100V 200V) SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier STTH108 Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier (200V-300V 1A, 2A families) STTH*02 C9 R8 D2 R9 L1 T1 10V - 15V RV1 RV2 RV3 - + D9 C3 C1 R2 D4 D6 STTH108 D3 D5 C2 3.3V - 5V C4 C5 R3 GND Altair Off-line converters (controller + 900V MOSFET) U1 Altair Drain COMP IREF GND S R5 PWM Controller C6 R7 ZCD/FB VDD D7 R4 R6 C7 Schottky diodes (60V to 150V families) STPS*60, STPS*80, STPS*100, STPS*150 C8

19 DIS VREF MODE/SC OSC SS COMP GND CS 3-phase meter Flyback, bridge rectifier Discrete solution MOSFET up to 1.5 kv available, no power limitation, drawback higher complexity K5 Power MOSFET STx2N95K5, STx5N95K5 (950V) STx2N105K5, STx5N105K5, STx7N105K5 (1050V) STx1N120K5, STx8N120K5 (1200V) R1 15R - + Transient voltage Ultrafast highvoltage surge suppressor (400W 600W 100V rectifier 200V) STTH108 SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE L1 R2 Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier (200V-300V 1A, 2A families) STTH*02 D2 D3 STTH108 D6 T1 D1 D4 C1 Schottky diodes (60V to 150V families) STPS*60, STPS*80, STPS*100, STPS*150 10V - 15V 3.3V - 5V C2 GND R3 15R R5 15R RV1 RV2 RV3 D5 - + D7 C7 R6 C6 15 AC_OK 16 VFF R4 FMOD 6 HVS 1 Vcc 5 L6566BH C3 C4 11 ZCD GD 4 R8 D8 R7 C5 Q1 STx2N95K5 1nF/Y1 R9 Signal Schottky diodes (30V to 80V families) BAT*, BAR* *6263, TMBYV* Off-line controller L6566BH R11 C8 U1 R15 C10 C11 C12 R16 R10 U2 U3 TL431 R12 C9 R14 R13 R17 ADJ Voltage Reference family

20 Reference designs

Demo board - STEVAL-ISA010V1 Super Wide Input Range Viper16 Buck Converter 21 Documentation: AN2872 Buck topology Common Neutral Input voltage range: 85 to 500 V AC Output voltages: 12V and 5V Output

21 Demo board - STEVAL-ISA010V1 Super Wide Input Range Viper16 Buck Converter 21 Documentation: AN2872 Buck topology Common Neutral Input voltage range: 85 to 500 V AC Output voltages: 12V and 5V Output current (max.): 150 ma (total for both outputs) Conductive EMI EN55022 Class B Stand-by less than 100 mw at 230 V AC D1 1N4148 J VAC D3 D4 1N4007 1N4007 C1 150n/X2 C2 150n/X2 R1 22R L1 R2 750k R5 750k R6 750k R8 750k 2.2mH C3 10u/450V 7 8 U1 Drain Drain COMP 5 C4 10u/450V Viper16 LIM 3 C7 FB 4 VDD 2 S 1 R7 N.A. 1n8 C9 10uF/35V R3 24k R4 9k1 D5 STTH108 D2 STTH108 C8 100n L2 1mH D6 15V U2 L78L VIN VOUT 2 C5 220uF/25V GND C6 10uF/35V J2 Output R9 1k

22 Demo board - STEVAL-ISA105V1 Power supply for energy meter and power line modem based on Altair Documentation: AN4154 Flyback Input voltage range: 90 to 480 V AC Output power: 7W peak Output voltages: 5, 3.3, and 12V 22

23 AC-DC converters and controllers

24 VIPerPlus Family Advanced controller with embedded 800V Power MOSFET 24..directly from AC Mains voltage... ~ Robustness and Reliability 800V Power MOSFET, thermal shutdown, soft start, OLP protection, auto-restart Input rectification and filtering PWM Controller Feedback Output rectification and filtering.. to +/- DC bus (3V3, 5V, 12V) to supply: Microcontroller PWM driver Relay Energy saving Power consumption less than 30mW at no load High integration Direct feedback, jittering, HV start-up Flexibility power scalability up to 12W, no auxiliary winding, clamp-less design, no CM EMC filter

ST Offline Converters Overview 25 Buck Converter 150mA 200mA 350mA Fly-back Converter 85-265VAc 5W 8W 12W

15A VIPerPlus0P VIPer0P VIPerPlus*1 VIPer01 VIPer11 VIPerPlus*5 VIPer25 VIPer35 VIPerPlus*6 VIPer06 VIPer16

25 ST Offline Converters Overview 25 Buck Converter 150mA 200mA 350mA Fly-back Converter VAc 5W 8W 12W 15W 800V 32W 350mA 24W 400mA 20W 480/600 ma 19W (900V) Ext RSENSE 14W Ext RSENSE 7W 700mA 4.5W 1 / 1.15A VIPerPlus0P VIPer0P VIPerPlus*1 VIPer01 VIPer11 VIPerPlus*5 VIPer25 VIPer35 VIPerPlus*6 VIPer06 VIPer16 VIPer26 VIPerPlus*7 VIPer17 VIPer27 VIPer37 VIPerPlus*8 VIPer28 VIPer38 Altair0* Altair 04 Altair 05 In development

Altair04-900 26 ALTAIR family: Off-line all-primary sensing switching regulator ALTAIR04 ALTAIR05 5W 7W Maximum output power for V IN = 85 to 265 V AC Main features CC/CV regulation with no

consumption Automatic self-supply Input voltage feed-forward for mains-independent CC regulation Overcurrent protection against transformer saturation and secondary diode short circuit Low quiescent

26 Altair ALTAIR family: Off-line all-primary sensing switching regulator ALTAIR04 ALTAIR05 5W 7W Maximum output power for V IN = 85 to 265 V AC Main features CC/CV regulation with no opto-coupler Avalanche rugged internal power MOSFET Internal HV start-up circuit Quasi-resonant ZVS operation Valley skipping at medium-light load Burst mode operation at no-load for under 60 mw consumption Automatic self-supply Input voltage feed-forward for mains-independent CC regulation Overcurrent protection against transformer saturation and secondary diode short circuit Low quiescent current (< 1 ma) ALTAIR04 ALTAIR05 Breakdown voltage 900 V 800 V Resistance Drain Source (Tj = 25 C) 16 Ω 11 Ω Minimum Drain start-up voltage 50 V 50 V Supply voltage range 11.5 to 23 V 11.5 to 23 V Off-line converters edesignsuite supported

Industrial: Off-line SMPS ICs 27 L6566 family: Multi-mode controllers L6566A L6566B L6566BH Common features 700V high-voltage

840V high-voltage start-up Programmable frequency modulation for EMI reduction Fixed frequency or quasi resonant operations

feed-forward for constant power capability vs mains voltage Pulse-by-pulse OCP, shutdown on overload (latched or auto-restart)

pull-down during ULVO SO16N package Suited for SMPS with PFC front end Suited for single stage SMPS Suited for single stage SMPS

27 Industrial: Off-line SMPS ICs 27 L6566 family: Multi-mode controllers L6566A L6566B L6566BH Common features 700V high-voltage start-up Switched supply rail for PFC controller 700V high-voltage start-up Programmable frequency modulation for EMI reduction 840V high-voltage start-up Programmable frequency modulation for EMI reduction Fixed frequency or quasi resonant operations Advanced light load management On-board high-voltage start-up generator Low quiescent current (< 3 ma) Adaptive UVLO Line feed-forward for constant power capability vs mains voltage Pulse-by-pulse OCP, shutdown on overload (latched or auto-restart) Transformer saturation detection Latched or auto-restart OVP Brownout protection -600/+800 ma totem pole gate driver with active pull-down during ULVO SO16N package Suited for SMPS with PFC front end Suited for single stage SMPS Suited for single stage SMPS running off rectified 3-phase input line Controllers with selectable quasi-resonant (QR) or fixed-frequency (FF) operation Primary controllers edesignsuite supported

28 DC-DC converters

29 DC-DC post regulation 29 AC-DC SMPS 11 15V DC-DC Buck 5V ST1S4x ST1S5x L6984 High-efficiency (Sync. Rect.) DC-DC Buck 3.3V Low BOM Cost-effective Low Stand-by Consumption (ST1S5x) AC-DC SMPS 11 15V 5V DC-DC Buck 3.3V ST1S31/32, ST1S12 (ST1S4x and ST1S5x) High-efficiency (Sync. Rect.) DC-DC Buck 1.2V Low BOM Cost-effective Low Stand-by Consumption (ST1S5x)

Linear Regulators: Low quiescent current LDOs

to 150 ma Extended input voltage range (up to

30 Linear Regulators: Low quiescent current LDOs 30 Ultra low quiescent current (Iq) (down to 1.4 µa) Very low dropout Wide range of miniaturized packages Output current from 50 to 150 ma Extended input voltage range (up to 24V on ST715) Main benefits Maximize battery life Reduce standby power consumption Minimized PCB area occupation Easy design and implementation

31 LDOs

Linear Regulators: Cost-effective LDOs 32 LDK120 200 ma, low dropout, Noise reduction pin Available in SOT23-5L, SC70, and DFN6 1.2x1.

32 Linear Regulators: Cost-effective LDOs 32 LDK ma, low dropout, Noise reduction pin Available in SOT23-5L, SC70, and DFN6 1.2x1.3 mm LDKxx: Low current (up to 300mA) LDK ma, low dropout, Noise reduction pin Available in SOT23-5L, SC70, and DFN6 1.2x1.3 mm LDK ma, low dropout Available in SOT23-5L, SC70, and DFN6 1.2x1.3 mm LDLxx: Medium current (1.2 A) LDL A, very low dropout, Reverse current protection Available in SO8, and DFN6 2x2 mm and 3x3 mm LDL A, very low dropout Available in SO8, and DFN6 2x2 mm and 3x3 mm

33 Power MOSFETs for metering applications

K5 Power MOSFET Series 34 Higher power density, Best-in-class R DS(on)

900V, 950V, 1050V, 1200V, up to 1500V BEST silicon performance in the

Efficiency Ultra-low gate charge (Qg) for faster switching Low Ciss and

34 K5 Power MOSFET Series 34 Higher power density, Best-in-class R DS(on) MDmesh K5 series Widest Super-Junction MOSFET Product Portfolio 800V, 900V, 950V, 1050V, 1200V, up to 1500V BEST silicon performance in the Market Outstanding R DS(on) to optimize efficiency Designed for High Efficiency Ultra-low gate charge (Qg) for faster switching Low Ciss and Coss for reduced energy losses PowerFLAT 5*6 HV D2PAK TO-247 TO-220FP wide Creepage

35 MDmesh K5 series selection SMPS < 75 W BV DSS [V] R DS(on) [Ω] Max I D [A] Sales Type Packages STx3LN80K5 DPAK / IPAK/ TO-220 / FP STx4LN80K5 DPAK / IPAK/ TO-220 / FP STx5N80K5 DPAK / TO-220 / TO-220FP/D2PAK/I2PAK/I2PAKFP STx7LN80K5 TO-220 / TO-220FP/DPAK, I2PAKFP /IPAK / PowerFLAT 5x6 VHV STx9N80K5 TO-247 /TO-220 / TO-220FP/I2PAKFP/DPAK/ PowerFLAT 5x6 VHV STx10LN80K5 TO-220/ TO-220FP/DPAK / I2PAKFP&PowerFLAT 5x6 HV STx14N80K5 TO-220FP / D2PAK/I2PAKFP ,1 3 STx4N90K5 DPAK / TO-220 / TO-220FP 1,10 6 STx6N90K5 DPAK / IPAK/ TO-220 / I2PAK/ TO- 220FP/TO-247 0,81 7 STx7N90K5 DPAK / TO-220 /FP/TO-247 0,68 8 STx8N90K5 D2PAK / TO-220 / TO-220FP/TO STx2N95K5 TO-220 / FP / DPAK / IPAK STx5N95K5 TO-220 / FP / DPAK STx6N95K5 TO-220 / FP / DPAK / IPAK / TO-247/ H2PAK STx10N95K5 TO-220 / TO-220FP/ TO-247/D2PAK STx2N105K5 DPAK;IPAK;TO-220;TO-3PF STx5N105K5 TO-220 / FP 2 4 STx7N105K5 TO-247/ TO-220 / FP STx10N105K5 TO-220 / TO-220FP/ TO STx1N120K5 TO STx8N120K5 TO-220 /H2PAK / TO-247

36 edesignsuite

37 edesignsuite 37 edesignsuite is a software platform that helps developers select the right product for power conversion and speeds up the design-in AC-DC & DC-DC converters are supported by edesignsuite Go to my.st.com/analogsimulator Register the first time and log in Insert your design specifications Get the suitable products Choose one, simulate and purchase Circuit BOM Electrical waveforms Additional information (stability, efficiency, etc.)

38 Defined specs Standard functions edesignsuite 38 Components that can be fine-tuned Operating point Waveforms Efficiency Bode plots Losses split

VIPer*6 family: The fast lane to SMPS design

VIPer*6 family: The fast lane to SMPS design family: The fast lane to SMPS design All trademarks and logos are property of their respective owners. All rights reserved. They are here used only as conceptual examples * is used as a wildcard character