Monitoring System for Wind Power Generation Based on Wireless Sensor Network Bhagyashree Mendhule 1, Swati Kantode 2, Deepali Kadu 3

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1 Monitoring System for Wind Power Generation Based on Wireless Sensor Network Bhagyashree Mendhule 1, Swati Kantode 2, Deepali Kadu 3 1 B.C.Y.R.C s Umrer College of Engineering /Electronics Engineering, Umrer, Nagpur, India bhagyashree.mendhule@gmail.com 2 B.C.Y.R.C s Umrer College of Engineering /Electronics Engineering, Umrer, Nagpur, India er.swatikantode@gmail.com 3 B.C.Y.R.C s Umrer College of Engineering /Electronics Engineering, Umrer, Nagpur, India dipalikadu@gmail.com Mobile: , , Abstract: With the importance of alternative energy sources increasing, monitoring and economical design of alternative energy generators becomes more critical. Wind power has tremendous potential to provide renewable energy without reliance on traditional fossil fuel technologies. Conditional monitoring of wind turbines can help to avert unplanned downtime due to component failure. To implement a practical monitoring system, characterization of the dynamic behavior of the structure under consideration is a necessary first step. Acquisition of dynamic output data under a wide variety of conditions can be a time-consuming and costly process. In recent years, low-cost wireless sensors have emerged as an enabling technology for just such monitoring applications. Inexpensive and flexible wireless sensors can be installed within a large structure to measure dynamic response and, using embedded computational abilities collocated with the sensor itself, performing engineering level monitoring algorithms. In this paper, wireless sensor technologies are deployed on two wind turbine structures to provide better models of wind turbine dynamic behavior and response to loading. The information gathered in this study may be used in the future to facilitate more economical design, and to provide the basis for future health monitoring systems. of research is too unitary But the wired method has many flaws. In this project a set wind power generation observation system takes the wireless sensor network the foundation flaws. In this project a set wind power generation observation system takes the wireless sensor networking as the foundation.during various nodes in this system selects the wireless communication method to carry on the data to lose, could effectively solve many difficult problems by the wired way in observation system. A windmill is a machine that converts the energy of wind into rotational energy by means of vanes called sails. Originally, windmills were developed for milling grain for food production. In the course of history, the windmill machinery was adapted to many other industrial uses. An important non-milling use is to pump water, either for land drainage or to extract groundwater. So taking in action all these things we are going to calculate the direction of winds, current and voltage produced which will be transmitted wirelessly to the base station using CC2500 transreceiver. Keywords: Embedded C, CC2500 Transreceiver, AT mega16 Microcontroller. 1. INTRODUCTION The development and using of the renewable energy source can effectively alleviate the predicament of the supply of energy and the change of climatic. The wind energy is regarded as new energy which has the broadest prospect of development and using. As the developing of the technology, the economic and environment is more and more remarkable. And the majority systems which were already applied in the power station and the content Page84

2 2.1 Transmitter Flex Sensor Figure1.WirelessSensor 2.BLOCK DIAGRAM LCD Screen 16*2 A current sensor is a device that detects electrical current (AC or DC) in a wire, and generates a signal proportional to it. The generated signal could be analog voltage or current or even digital output. It can be then utilized to display the measured current in an ammeter or can be stored for further analysis in a data acquisition system or can be utilized for control purpose. Here the signal coming from the signals will be send to the microcontroller for sending it wirelessly using CC2500 transreceiver module, simultaneously it will be display in the screen about the status of the windmill. In the receiver end, another transreceiver will be attached with the system for receiving the signal and will be send to the microcontroller for displaying the status of the machine in the LCD screen. IR Sensor Microcontroller AT mega 16 CC2500 Transreceiver 4. HARDWARE Current Sensor Figure 2(a): Block Diagram of Transmitter. 2.2 Receiver CC2500 Transreceiver Microcontroller AT mega 16 Figure 2(b): Block Diagram of Receiver. 3. WORKING LCD Screen It is clear from the above block diagram that the project will be divided into two parts. One is transmitter end and another is receiver end. The transmitter end will consisting of sensor: like flex, IR, and Current. Flex Sensor Plays the major role, Flex sensors are sensors that change in resistance depending on the amount of bend on the sensor. They require a 5-volt input and output between 0 and 5 V, the resistivity varying with the sensor s degree of bend and the voltage output changing accordingly. An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits and/or detects infrared radiation in order to sense some aspect of its surroundings. Infrared sensors can measure the heat of an object, as well as detect motion. Many of Vthese types of sensors only measure infrared radiation, rather than emitting it, and thus are known as passive infrared (PIR) sensors. The hardware consist of microcontroller, CC2500 transreceiver flex sensor, current sensor, IR sensor, voltage regulator IC. 4.1 FLEX SENSOR Flex Sensor Plays the major role, Flex sensors are sensors that change in resistance depending on the amount of bend on the sensor.they require a 5-volt input and output between 0 and 5 V, the resistivity varying with the Sensor s degree of bend and the voltage output changing accordingly.the sensors connect to the device via three pin connectors (ground, live, and output). The device can activate the sensors from sleep mode, enabling them to power down when not in use and greatly decreasing power consumption. The flex sensor pictured below changes resistance when bent. It will only changeresistance in one direction. An un flexed sensor has a resistance of about 10,000Ohm. As the flex sensor is bent, the resistance increases to kilo ohms at 90 degrees. The sensor measures ¼ inch wide, 4-1/2 inches long and 0.19 inches thick. In this two or three sensors are connected serially and the output from the sensors is inputted to the analog to digital converter in the controller. The outputs from the flex sensors are inputted into LM258/LM358 opamps and used a non-inverted style setup to amplify their voltage. The greater the degree of bending the lower the output voltage. The output voltage is determined based on the equation Vin *R1 / (R1 + R2), where R1 is the other input resistor to the non-inverting terminal. Using the voltage divider concept the output voltage is determined and it ranges from 1.35v to 2.5v. Page85

3 Figure 4.1(a): Circuit Diagram of Flex Sensor 4.2 CC2500 TRANSRECEIVER Figure 4.2(b): CC2500 Transceiver module This is a 2.4GHz Transceiver module based on CC2500 from Texas Instruments. It provide extensive hardware support for packet handling,data buffering,burst transmissions, clear channel assessment, link quality indication and wake on radio. It s data stream can be Manchester coded by the modulator and decoded by the demodulator.it has a high performance and easily to design your product. It can be used in MHz ISM/SRD band systems, Consumer Electronics, Wireless game controllers, Wireless audio and others wireless systems. 4.3 ATMEGA16 MICROCONTROLLER The ATmega16 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega16 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designed to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. Figure 4.3(c): Pin Diagram of AT mega CURRENT SENSOR A current sensor is a device that detects and converts current to an easily measured output voltage, which is proportional to the current through the measured path. There are a wide variety of sensors, and each sensor is suitable for a specific current range and environmental condition. No one sensor is optimum for all applications. Among these sensors, a current sensing resistor is the most commonly used. It can be considered a current tovoltage converter, where inserting a resistor into the current path, the current is converted to voltage in a linear way of V = I R. When a current flows through a wire or in a circuit, voltage drop occurs. Also, a magnetic field is generated surrounding the current carrying conductor. Figure 4.4(d): Current Sensor Page86

4 4.5 IR SENSORS Figure 4.5(e): IR Sensor An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits and/or detects infrared radiation in order to sense some aspect of its surroundings. Infrared sensors can measure the heat of an object, as well as detect motion. Many of these types of sensors only measure infrared radiation, rather than emitting it, and thus are known as passive infrared (PIR) sensors. Infrared radiation is the portion of electromagnetic spectrum having wavelengths longer than visible light wavelengths, but smaller than microwaves. Infrared waves are invisible to human eyes. The wavelength region of 0.75µm to 3 µm is called near infrared.the region from 3 µm to 6 µm is called mid infrared and the region higher than 6 µm is called far infrared. All objects emit light according to their temperature--this is called "black body radiation." The hotter the object, the shorter wavelength of light it emits. The Earth emits infrared light at a peak of about nine to 10 micrometers--and so do warm-blooded animals like humans. This light can be used to detect motion or warmth. All objects emit some form of thermal radiation, usually in the infrared spectrum. This radiation is invisible to our eyes, but can be detected by an infrared sensor that accepts and interprets it. In a typical infrared sensor like a motiondetector, radiation enters the front and reaches the sensor itself at the center of the device. This part may be composed of more than one individual sensor, each of them being made from pyroelectric materials, whether natural or artificial. These are materials that generate an electrical voltage when heated or cooled. These pyroelectric materials are integrated into a small circuit board. They are wired in such a way so that when the sensor detects an increase in the heat of a small part of its field of view, it will trigger the motion detector's alarm. It is very common for an infrared sensor to be integrated into motion detectors like those used as part of a residential or commercial security system. 4.6 LCD DISPLAY Figure 4.6(f): LCD Display Liquid Crystal display, a type of display used in digital watches and many portable computers. LCD displays utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light. LCDs are used in a wide range of applications including computer monitors, televisions, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, and signage. They are common in consumer devices such as video players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones, and have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most applications. They are available in a wider range of screen sizes than CRT and plasma displays, and since they do not use phosphors, they do not suffer image burn-in. LCDs are, however, susceptible to image persistence. The LCD screen is more energy efficient and can be disposed of more safely than a CRT. Its low electrical power consumption enables it to be used in battery-powered electronic equipment. It is an electronically modulated optical device made up of any number of segments filled with liquid crystals and arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome VOLTAGE REGULATOR IC 7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide provides +5V regulated power supply. Capacitors of suitable values can be connected at input and output pins depending upon the respective voltage levels. 5.1 Low cost. 5. ADVANTAGE 5.2 Renewable and Sustainable. 5.3 Pollution free. Page87

5 5.4 Low maintenance. 5.5 Compatible. 5.6 Eco- friendly. 6. DISADVANTAGE 6.1 Unreliability. 6.2 Birds are affected. 6.3 Less Electricity. 6.4 Noise pollution. 7. FUTURE CONCLUSION 7.1 We can implement all these mode of communication using GSM Technology.New technologies replace existing technologies or fill new niches when there are economic advantages. 7.2 Wireless sensors will replace wired sensors No wiring lower cost More flexible deployments. 7.3 Wireless sensors will provide new services. implemented by Tiny OS embedded operating system programming. 9. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors thank the guide Prof. S. S. Sarjare who collaborated in this research. REFERENCES 1. Akyildiz I, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y and Cayirci E. A survey on sensor networks, IEEE Communications magazine, vol. 40, no.8, Aug 2002, pp D.J. Malan, M. Welsh, M.D. Smith, A public key infrastructure for key distribution in TinyOS based on elliptic curve cryptography, in: Proceedings of the 1st IEEE communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad-Hoc Communications and Networks, D.C. Steere, A. Baptista, D. McNamee, C. Pu, J. Walpole, Research challenges in environmental observation and forecasting systems, in: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2000), Boston, MA, USA, August 2000, pp Octavian Adrian Postolache, Pedro M. B. Silva Gir? o, J. Miguel Dias Pereira, and Helena Maria Geirinhas Ramos. Self-Organizing Maps Application in a Remote Water QualityMonitoringSystem[J]. IEEE Trans. Instrumentation and Measurement, 2005, 54 (1): (Pubitemid ) Provide cost advantages or lower overhead 7.3.2Improve product quality or product features 8. CONCLUSIONS This remote wireless monitoring system implements real-time remote monitoring and management of wind power generation by using the WSN. By using this project we calculate the direction of winds, current and voltage which will be transmitted wirelessly to the base station by using CC2500 transreceiver. System consist of two parts transmitter and receiver. Transmitter section consist of accelerometer, ir sensor, current sensor, microcontroller and LCD display. Receiver section consist of CC2500 transreceiver, microcontroller and LCD display.hardware part of monitoring system integrates AT mega 16 microcontroller is one type of low power loss with communication module which is TI's second generation ZigBee /IEEE RF transceiver for the 2.4 GHz The software part is Page88