High Common-Mode Voltage DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER

Transcription

1 High Common-Mode Voltage DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER FEATURES COMMON-MODE INPUT RANGE: ±00V (V S = ±15V) PROTECTED INPUTS: ±500V Common-Mode ±500V Differential UNITY GAIN: 0.0% Gain Error max NONLINEARITY: 0.001% max CMRR: 8dB min APPLICATIONS CURRENT MONITOR BATTERY CELL-VOLTAGE MONITOR GROUND BREAKER INPUT PROTECTION SIGNAL ACQUISITION IN NOISY ENVIRONMENTS FACTORY AUTOMATION DESCRIPTION The is a precision unity-gain difference amplifier with very high common-mode input voltage range. It is a single monolithic IC consisting of a precision op amp and integrated thin-film resistor network. It can accurately measure small differential voltages in the presence of common-mode signals up to ±00V. The inputs are protected from momentary common-mode or differential overloads up to ±500V. In many applications, where galvanic isolation is not essential, the can replace isolation amplifiers. This can eliminate costly isolated input-side power supplies and their associated ripple, noise and quiescent current. The s 0.001% nonlinearity and 00kHz bandwidth are superior to those of conventional isolation amplifiers. Ref B In +In V kΩ 0kΩ Comp V+ V O Ref A The is available in 8-pin plastic mini-dip and SO-8 surface-mount packages, specified for the 40 C to +85 C temperature range. The metal TO-99 models are available specified for the 40 C to +85 C and 55 C to +15 C temperature range. Copyright 000, Texas Instruments Incorporated Printed in U.S.A. December, 000

2 SPECIFICATIONS At T A = +5 C, V S = ±15V, unless otherwise noted. AM, SM BM P, KU PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX UNITS GAIN Initial (1) 1 V/V Error % vs Temperature 10 ppm/ C Nonlinearity () % OUTPUT Rated Voltage I O = +0mA, 5mA 10 1 V Rated Current V O = 10V +0, 5 ma Impedance 0.01 Ω Current Limit To Common +49, 1 ma Capacitive Load Stable Operation 1000 pf INPUT Impedance Differential 800 kω Common-Mode 400 kω Voltage Range Differential ±10 V Common-Mode, Continuous ±00 V Common-Mode Rejection () DC db AC, 0Hz V CM = 400Vp-p db vs Temperature, DC T A = T MIN to T MAX AM, BM, P, KU db SM 0 75 db OFFSET VOLTAGE RTO (4) Initial µv KU Grade (SO-8 Package) µv vs Temperature T A = T MIN to T MAX µv/ C vs Supply V S = ±5V to ±18V db vs Time 00 µv/mo OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE RTO (5) f B = 0.01Hz to 10Hz 5 µvp-p f B = 10kHz 550 nv/ Hz DYNAMIC RESPONSE Gain Bandwidth, db 00 khz Full Power Bandwidth V O = 0Vp-p 0 khz Slew Rate. V/µs Settling Time: 0.1% V O = 10V Step.5 µs 0.01% V O = 10V Step 10 µs 0.01% V CM = 10V Step, V DIFF = 0V 4.5 µs POWER SUPPLY Rated ±15 V Voltage Range Derated Performance ±5 ±18 V Quiescent Current V O = 0V 1.5 ma TEMPERATURE RANGE Specification: AM, BM, P, KU C SM C Operation C Storage C Specification same as for AM. NOTES: (1) Connected as difference amplifier (see Figure 1). () Nonlinearity is the maximum peak deviation from the best-fit straight line as a percent of full-scale peak-to-peak output. () With zero source impedance (see discussion of common-mode rejection in Application Information section). (4) Includes effects of amplifier s input bias and offset currents. (5) Includes effects of amplifier s input current noise and thermal noise contribution of resistor network.

3 PIN CONFIGURATION Top View Tab TO-99 AM, BM, SM Top View DIP/SO P, KU 8 Comp Ref B 1 7 V+ Ref B 1 8 Comp In 7 V+ In Output +In Output +In 5 Ref A V 4 5 Ref A 4 V Case internally connected to V. Make no connection. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply Voltage... ±V Input Voltage Range, Continuous... ±00V Common-Mode and Differential, 10s... ±500V Operating Temperature M Metal TO to +15 C P Plastic DIP and U SO to +85 C Storage Temperature M Package... 5 to +150 C P Plastic DIP and U SO to +15 C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) C Output Short Circuit to Common... Continuous ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION PACKAGE SPECIFIED DRAWING TEMPERATURE PACKAGE ORDERING TRANSPORT PRODUCT PACKAGE NUMBER RANGE MARKING NUMBER (1) MEDIA P DIP C to +85 C P P Rails KU SO-8 Surface-Mount 18 " KU KU Rails " " " " " KU/K5 Tape and Reel AM TO-99 Metal C to +85 C AM AM Rails BM " " " BM BM Rails SM " " 55 C to +15 C SM SM Rails NOTE: (1) Models with a slash (/) are available only in Tape and Reel in the quantities indicated (e.g., /K5 indicates 500 devices per reel). Ordering 500 pieces of KU/K5 will get a single 500-piece Tape and Reel.

4 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES At T A = +5 C, V S = ±15V, unless otherwise noted. 100 COMMON-MODE REJECTION vs FREQUENCY BM 100 POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION vs FREQUENCY Common-Mode Rejection (db) AM, SM, P, KU Power-Supply Rejection (db) V+ V k 10k 100k M Frequency (Hz) k 10k Frequency (Hz) Positive Common-Mode Range (V) POSITIVE COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE RANGE vs POSITIVE POWER-SUPPLY VOLTAGE Max Rating = 00V T A = +5 C T A = 55 C T A = +15 C V S = 5V to 0V Negative Common-Mode Range (V) NEGATIVE COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE RANGE vs NEGATIVE POWER-SUPPLY VOLTAGE Max Rating = 00V T A = +5 C T A = 55 C to +15 C +V S = +5V to +0V Positive Power-Supply Voltage (V) Negative Power-Supply Voltage (V) 4

5 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (Cont.) At T A = +5 C, V S = ±15V, unless otherwise noted. SMALL SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE C L = 0 SMALL SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE C L = 1000pF LARGE SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE 5

6 APPLICATION INFORMATION Figure 1 shows the basic connections required for operation. Applications with noisy or high-impedance power-supply lines may require decoupling capacitors close to the device pins. The output voltage is equal to the differential input voltage between pins and. The common mode input voltage is rejected. Internal circuitry connected to the compensation pin 8 cancels the parasitic distributed capacitance between the feedback resistor, R, and the IC substrate. For specified dynamic performance, pin 8 should be grounded or connected through a 0.1µF capacitor to an AC ground such as V+. 1µF Tantalum + 15V +15V + 1µF Tantalum V V V O = V V (a) 1.1kΩ 0kΩ 10Ω 100kΩ +15V 50kΩ ±1.5mV Range 15V R 1 R In = V R V O = V V +In = V R 5 R 4 1.1kΩ 0kΩ V V = V V O V 1.1kΩ 0kΩ V+ FIGURE 1. Basic Power and Signal Connections. 100µA 1/ REF00 COMMON-MODE REJECTION Common-mode rejection (CMR) of the is dependent on the input resistor network, which is laser-trimmed for accurate ratio matching. To maintain high CMR, it is important to have low source impedances driving the two inputs. A 75Ω resistance in series with pin or will decrease CMR from 8dB to 7dB. Resistance in series with the reference pins will also degrade CMR. A 4Ω resistance in series with pin 1 or 5 will decrease CMRR from 8dB to 7dB. Most applications do not require trimming. Figures and show optional circuits that may be used for trimming offset voltage and common-mode rejection. TRANSFER FUNCTION Most applications use the as a simple unity-gain difference amplifier. The transfer function is: V O = V V V and V are the voltages at pins and. (b) OPA7 Offset adjustment is regulated insensitive to power supply variations. ±10mV 10kΩ FIGURE. Offset Voltage Trim Circuits. V 100Ω 100Ω 100µA 1/ REF00 Some applications, however, apply voltages to the reference terminals (pins 1 and 5). A more complete transfer function is: V O = V V + 19 V 5 18 V 1 V 5 and V 1 are the voltages at pins 5 and 1.

7 MEASURING CURRENT The can be used to measure a current by sensing the voltage drop across a series resistor, R S. Figure 4 shows the used to measure the supply currents of a device under test. The circuit in Figure 5 measures the output current of a power supply. If the power supply has a sense connection, it can be connected to the output side of R S to eliminate the voltage-drop error. Another common application is current-to-voltage conversion, as shown in Figure. (+00V max) +V S C R S R C * V O = R S I DUT+ I DUT+ 1.1kΩ 0kΩ V Device Under Test V V O = V V I DUT 1.1kΩ 0kΩ R S R C * V O = R S I DUT 00Ω CMR Adjust 1.1kΩ 0kΩ 10Ω 10Ω V S If offset adjust is also required, connect to offset circuit, Figure. ( 00V max) *Not needed if R S is less than 0 Ω see text. FIGURE. CMR Trim Circuit. FIGURE 4. Measuring Supply Currents of Device Under Test. Power Supply Out ±00V max Sense Optional Load Sense Connection (see text) R S R C * Load I L 1.1kΩ 0kΩ V O = I L R S *R C = R S not needed if R S is less than 0Ω see text. FIGURE 5. Measuring Power Supply Output Current. 7

8 V S (±00V max) R S 50Ω V O = 1V to 5V 4 to 0mA 50Ω R C * 1.1kΩ 0kΩ (a) V S (±00V max) *Not needed if R S is less than 0Ω see text. R S 50Ω 50Ω R C * V O = 1V to 5V 4 to 0mA 1.1kΩ 0kΩ (b) 4 to 0mA *Not needed if R S is less than 0Ω see text. R S 50Ω 50Ω R C * V O = 1V to 5V 1.1kΩ 0kΩ V S (±00V max) (c) 4 to 0mA *Not needed if R S is less than 0Ω see text. R S 50Ω 50Ω R C * 1.1kΩ 0kΩ V O = 1V to 5V V S (±00V max) (d) *Not needed if R S is less than 0Ω see text. FIGURE. Current to Voltage Converter. 8

9 In all cases, the sense resistor imbalances the input resistor matching of the, degrading its CMR. Also, the input impedance of the loads R S, causing gain error in the voltage-to-current conversion. Both of these errors can be easily corrected. The CMR error can be corrected with the addition of a compensation resistor, R C, equal in value to R S as shown in Figures 4, 5, and. If R S is less than 0Ω, the degradation in CMR is negligible and R C can be omitted. If R S is larger than approximately kω, trimming R C may be required to achieve greater than 8dB CMR. This is because the actual input impedances have 1% typical mismatch. If R S is more than approximately 100Ω, the gain error will be greater than the 0.0% specification of the. This gain error can be corrected by slightly increasing the value of R S. The corrected value, R S ', can be calculated by: R S RS ' = R S Example: For a 1V/mA transfer function, the nominal, uncorrected value for R S would be 1kΩ. A slightly larger value, R S ' = 100.Ω, compensates for the gain error due to loading. The term in the equation for R S ' has a tolerance of ±5%, so sense resistors above approximately 400Ω may require trimming to achieve gain accuracy better than 0.0%. Of course, if a buffer amplifier is added as shown in Figure 7, both inputs see a low source impedance, and the sense resistor is not loaded. As a result, there is no gain error or CMR degradation. The buffer amplifier can operate as a unity gain buffer or as an amplifier with non-inverting gain. Gain added ahead of the improves both CMR and signal-to-noise. Added gain also allows a lower voltage drop across the sense resistor. The OPA101 is a good choice for the buffer amplifier since both its input and output can swing close to its negative power supply. V 1 15V +15V I V X V 1 1V to +10V +15V 5V to V Ground 0V to 51V 15V R S R * 1 R * 1/ OPA kΩ 0kΩ R V O = I R S (1 + ) R 1 *Or connect as buffer (R V = 0, omit R 1 ). X Op amp power can be derived with voltagedropping zener diode if V X power is relatively constant. V X = (5V to V) + V Z e.g., If V Z is 50V then V X = 55V to 8V. V Z MPS-A4 IN k Ω Regulated power for op amp allows V X power to vary over wide range. V X = 0V to 00V 0.01µF or V X I R S 1/ OPA µF 1.1kΩ 0kΩ V O = I R S V X FIGURE 7. Current Sensing with Input Buffer. 9

10 Figure 8 shows very high input impedance buffer used to measure low leakage currents. Here, the buffer op amp is powered with an isolated, split-voltage power supply. Using an isolated power supply allows full ±00V common-mode input range. NOISE PERFORMANCE The noise performance of the is dominated by the internal resistor network. The thermal or Johnson noise of these resistors produces approximately 550nV/ Hz noise. The internal op amp contributes virtually no excess noise at frequencies above 100Hz. Many applications may be satisfied with less than the full 00kHz bandwidth of the. In these cases, the noise can be reduced with a low-pass filter on the output. The twopole filter shown in Figure 9 limits bandwidth to 1kHz and reduces noise by more than 15:1. Since the has a 1/f noise corner frequency of approximately 100Hz, a cutoff frequency below 100Hz will not further reduce noise. ±00V max 1kΩ 9kΩ Isolated DC/DC Converter +15V 100MΩ D 1, * OPA V Com PWS75 I L 100kΩ 15V Device Under Test *D 1 and D are each a N904 transistor base-collector junction (emitter open). e O = I L x 10 9 (1V/nA) 1.1kΩ 0kΩ FIGURE 8. Leakage Current Measurement Circuit. V C 0.0µF V R kΩ R 11.kΩ C µF OPA7 V O = V V -Pole Butterworth Low-Pass Filter 1.1kΩ 0kΩ See Application Bulletin AB-017 for other filters. BUTTERWORTH LOW-PASS OUTPUT NOISE f db (mvp-p) R 1 R C 1 C 00kHz 1.8 No Filter 100kHz kΩ 11.kΩ 100pF 00pF 10kHz kΩ 11.kΩ 1nF nf 1kHz kΩ 11.kΩ 10nF 0nF 100Hz (1) kΩ 11.kΩ 0.1µF 0.µF NOTE: (1) Since the has a 1/f noise corner frequency of approximately 100Hz, bandwidth reduction below this frequency will not significantly reduce noise. FIGURE 9. Output Filter for Noise Reduction. 10

11 V V V O = 1 + V V 19 R 7 R V 1.1kΩ 0kΩ R 7 R V V O = V V + V X OPA7 Refer to Application Bulletin AB-001 for details. 1.1kΩ 0kΩ GAIN R 7 R (V/V) (kω) (kω) 1/ / / OPA7 V X FIGURE 10. Reducing Differential Gain. FIGURE 11. Summing V X in Output. V R 1 R (a) Refer to Application Bulletin AB-010 for details. V R V OUT = V V R 5 1.1kΩ R 4 0kΩ V R 1 R 100pF V R V OUT = V V R 5kΩ R 7 10kΩ R 5 1.1kΩ R 4 0kΩ 100pF R 9 400kΩ R 10 10kΩ 100pF A 1 OPA7 V /0 R 5kΩ R 7 10kΩ R 8 10kΩ (b) A 1 OPA7 A OPA7 V CM /0 FIGURE 1. Common-Mode Voltage Monitoring. 11

12 7 +9V V V CM Range = +50V to +00V (V S ±9V) V 5kΩ 5kΩ 7 5 (a) 1.1kΩ 0kΩ 4 INA105 5kΩ 5kΩ 1 V O = V V V > V O > V swap A pins and for +4V > V O > V. 4 9V 7 +9V V V CM Range = 1V to +00V (V S = ±9V) V 5kΩ 5kΩ 7 5 (b) 1.1kΩ 0kΩ 4 10kΩ 5kΩ 5kΩ INA105 1 V = V V O 0V > V O > V swap A pins and for +4V > V O > 0V. (V ) +.V 1N484.V 4 9V V V CM Range = ±00V (V S = ±9V) V 5kΩ 5kΩ 5 1.1kΩ 0kΩ V O = V V (c) 5kΩ 5kΩ INA105 1 R 7 1MΩ 1.7kΩ (V = ±9V) S R 8 1MΩ OPA0 Refer to Application Bulletin AB-015 for details. FIGURE 1. Offsetting or Boosting Common-Mode Voltage Range for Reduced Power-Supply Voltage Operation. 1

13 +00V max + 1.1kΩ 0kΩ + Repeat for each cell 1.1kΩ 0kΩ MUX e O = Cell Voltage + 1.1kΩ 0kΩ Cell Select + 1.1kΩ 0kΩ 00V max FIGURE 14. Battery Cell Voltage Monitor. 1

14 V S (00V max) +15V 15V 7 4 R 1 0.1Ω 0.1 (I 1 ) I 1 1.1kΩ 0kΩ A 1 Load V IN I LOAD = I 1 I +15V 15V +15V 15V I R 0.1Ω 0.1 (I ) 10kΩ 10kΩ 100kΩ 5 V O V O = I 1 I = I LOAD 1.1kΩ 0kΩ 100kΩ 1 INA10 V S ( 00V max) FIGURE 15. Measuring Amplifier Load Current. V R 1 R V R V OUT = V V R 5 1.1kΩ R 4 0kΩ C 1 R µF 1MΩ OPA0 Refer to Application Bulletin AB-008 for details. FIGURE 1. AC-Coupled. 14

15 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM 7-Oct-011 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan () Lead/ Ball Finish AM NRND TO-99 LMC 8 0 Green (RoHS AM4 OBSOLETE TO-100 LME 10 TBD Call TI Call TI BM NRND TO-99 LMC 8 0 Green (RoHS BM- OBSOLETE TO-100 LME 10 TBD Call TI Call TI BM- OBSOLETE ZZ (BB) ZZ001 8 TBD Call TI Call TI BM- OBSOLETE TO-100 LME 10 TBD Call TI Call TI BM1 OBSOLETE TO-100 LME 10 TBD Call TI Call TI KU ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS KU/K5 ACTIVE SOIC D Green (RoHS KU/K5G4 ACTIVE SOIC D Green (RoHS KUG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS P ACTIVE PDIP P 8 50 Green (RoHS AU AU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU P-BI OBSOLETE PDIP P 8 TBD Call TI Call TI PG4 ACTIVE PDIP P 8 50 Green (RoHS SM NRND TO-99 LMC 8 0 Green (RoHS SMQ NRND TO-99 LMC 8 0 Green (RoHS CU NIPDAU AU AU MSL Peak Temp () N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type Level--0C-18 HR Level--0C-18 HR Level--0C-18 HR Level--0C-18 HR N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type Samples (Requires Login) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. Addendum-Page 1

16 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM 7-Oct-011 () Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS - please check for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or ) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS : TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) () MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. Addendum-Page

17 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION 4-Jan-009 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Reel Reel Diameter Width (mm) W1 (mm) A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) KU/K5 SOIC D Q1 W (mm) Pin1 Quadrant Pack Materials-Page 1

18 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION 4-Jan-009 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) KU/K5 SOIC D Pack Materials-Page

19 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are sold subject to TI s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. Customers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications, customers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any TI patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI products or services are used. Information published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement thereof. Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual property of the third party, or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI. Reproduction of TI information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations, and notices. Reproduction of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for such altered documentation. Information of third parties may be subject to additional restrictions. Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that product or service voids all express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements. TI products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications (such as life support) where a failure of the TI product would reasonably be expected to cause severe personal injury or death, unless officers of the parties have executed an agreement specifically governing such use. Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of TI products in such safety-critical applications, notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be provided by TI. Further, Buyers must fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of TI products in such safety-critical applications. TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments unless the TI products are specifically designated by TI as military-grade or "enhanced plastic." Only products designated by TI as military-grade meet military specifications. Buyers acknowledge and agree that any such use of TI products which TI has not designated as military-grade is solely at the Buyer's risk, and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use. TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific TI products are designated by TI as compliant with ISO/TS 1949 requirements. Buyers acknowledge and agree that, if they use any non-designated products in automotive applications, TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements. Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions: Products Applications Audio Automotive and Transportation Amplifiers amplifier.ti.com Communications and Telecom Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Computers and Peripherals DLP Products Consumer Electronics DSP dsp.ti.com Energy and Lighting Clocks and Timers Industrial Interface interface.ti.com Medical Logic logic.ti.com Security Power Mgmt power.ti.com Space, Avionics and Defense Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Video and Imaging RFID OMAP Mobile Processors Wireless Connectivity TI EE Community Home Page ee.ti.com Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 550, Dallas, Texas 755 Copyright 01, Texas Instruments Incorporated