University Transportation Centers Conference for the Southeastern Region April 4, 2013
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1 Next-Generation Wireless Bridge Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) System Integrated with Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Capability for Transportation Infrastructure Safety Yang Wang Georgia Institute of Technology Nasim Uddin University of Alabama Birmingham Laurence J. Jacobs Georgia Institute of Technology Jin-Yeon Kim Georgia Institute of Technology University Transportation Centers Conference for the Southeastern Region April 4, 2013
2 Outline Participants Motivation and preliminary research Objective and progress Next-phase for the future 2
3 Participants Georgia Tech team: wireless sensing and ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) Dr. Yang Wang (PI) Dr. Laurence J. Jacobs (Co-PI) Dr. Jin-Yeon Kim (Co-PI) Dapeng Zhu (Graduate Student) Canny Fang (Graduate Student) Kevin Arne (Graduate Student) UAB team: bridge weigh-in-motion (WIM) Dr. Nasim Uddin (Co-PI) Dr. Hua Zhao (Post-Doctor) Dr. Zhisong Zhao (Previous Graduate Student) Li Dong (Graduate Student) Rahul R Kalyankar (Graduate Student) 3
4 ASCE 2009 Ratings on America s Infrastructure Subject GPA Roads D - Comments Poor road conditions cost each US motorist $333 per year in repairs and operating costs Bridges Dams C D 26% the nation's 600,000 bridges rated structurally deficient or functionally obsolete 4,000 deficient dams, including 1,819 high hazard potential dams Highway and bridges (per Year) Current spending: $70.3B $78.8B needed to maintain current conditions $186B needed to improve to good conditions I-35W Bridge Collapse Minnesota, August Casualties Teton Dam Collapse Idaho, June 1976 Damage: $2 billion 4
5 Current Practice for Bridge Inspection Inspection to a bridge is conducted once every two years, as required by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Current practice is visual inspection using hammers and chisels Basket Lift Extensive Climbing Rigging Need for structural systems that can autonomously monitor their conditions 5
6 Communication Network: from Wired to Wireless Installation of wired system can take about 75% of total testing time for large structures. (Straser and Kiremidjian, 1998) $5,000 per sensor channel, half of the cost on cabling and labor. (Celebi, 2002) Over 1,000 sensors on Tsing Ma Bridge, Kap Shui Mun Bridge, and Ting Kau Bridge. 36 km of copper cable and 14 km of fiber optic cable. Over one year of installation. (Solomon et al., 2000) Coaxial Cables Embedded Sensors Wireless Sensor Units Central Data Server (CDS) 6
7 Wireless Ultrasonic NDE for Crack Detection (GT-1) Microprocessor evaluation board Excitation output amplification board Wireless transceiver Receiving signal conditioning board 7
8 Testing with Steel and Concrete (GT-2) Wedge ultrasonic transducer Transmitter Receiver Wireless device Surface crack Concrete bridge component Steel specimen with various notches mimicking damage Diffuse ultrasonic NDE for concrete specimen 8
9 Project Background (UAB-1) BWIM shema SiWIM Bridge Weigh-in-motion system 9
10 Project Background (UAB-2) FAD (free-of-axledetector) sensors on slab Spider Weighing sensors on girder 10
11 Project Objective Weigh-in-motion (WIM) sensors Sensor Signal Digitization Computational Core External Memory Wireless Communication Analog-to-Digital Conversion Micro- Processor 900MHz or 2.4GHz Wireless Transceiver Receiving ultrasonic transducer Sensor Signal Conditioning Output Signal Amplification Transmitting ultrasonic transducer Amplification, filtering, and voltage-offsetting Amplification and voltage-offsetting 11
12 Hardware Development (GT) Hardware design and prototyping finished Hardware design finished; prototyping underway 12
13 Identified Strain Transducer (GT+UAB) Specification ST350 Gage length 3 in Strain resolution ~1με Strain range Circuit ±2000με Full Wheatstone bridge with 4 active 350Ω foil gages Supply voltage 1~10V Full-range linearity error 1% Sensitivity 2 (μv/v) / με 13
14 Amplitude(V) Ultrasonic NDE (GT) undamaged Undamaged #2 5MHz 50MHz 0.5mm 1.2mm 2.3mm 3.2mm Steel specimen with different notch depth 2.8 # #3 1.6 # Depth of the notches(mm) Amplitude 14
15 Percentage error (%) Bridge WIM (UAB) Comparison of two algorithms -- run A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 Single A4+A5 GVW A2+A3 SiWIM algorithm Proposed algorithm item 15
16 Future: Wireless Drive-By Inspection Drive-by bridge inspection system Portable bridge weigh-in-motion Bridge safety management 16
17 17
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