DESCRIPTION FEATURES TYPICAL APPLICATION. LT1083/84/85 Fixed 3A, 5A, 7.5A Low Dropout Positive Fixed Regulators APPLICATIONS

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1 LT8/8/85 Fixed A, 5A, 7.5A Low Dropout Positive Fixed Regulators FEATRES Three-Terminal.V,.6V, 5V and V Output Current of A, 5A or 7.5A Operates Down to V Dropout Guaranteed Dropout Voltage at Multiple Current Levels Line Regulation:.5% Load Regulation:.% % Thermal Limit Functional Test Adjustable Versions Available APPLICATIONS High Efficiency Linear Regulators Post Regulators for Switching Supplies Constant Current Regulators Battery Chargers DEVICE OTPT CRRENT* LT8 7.5 Amps LT8 5. Amps LT85. Amps *For a.5a low dropout regulator see the LT86 data sheet. DESCRIPTION The LT8 series of positive adjustable regulators are designed to provide A, 5A and 7.5A with higher efficiency than currently available devices. All internal circuitry is designed to operate down to V input to output differential and the dropout voltage is fully specified as a function of load current. Dropout is guaranteed at a maximum of.5v at maximum output current, decreasing at lower load currents. On-chip trimming adjusts the output voltage to %. Current limit is also trimmed, minimizing the stress on both the regulator and power source circuitry under overload conditions. The 8 series devices are pin compatible with older three-terminal regulators. A µf output capacitor is required on these new devices; however, this is usually included in most regulator designs. nlike PNP regulators, where up to % of the output current is wasted as quiescent current, the LT8 quiescent current flows into the load, increasing efficiency. TYPICAL APPLICATION 5V, 7.5A Regulator Dropout Voltage vs Output Current 6.5V LT8-5 5V AT 7.5A µf *REQIRED FOR STABILITY µf* TANTALM LT8//5 TA INPT/OTPT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (V) I FLL LOAD / OTPT CRRENT (A) I FLL LOAD 8//5 TA

2 LT8/8/85 Fixed ABSOLTE MAXIMM RATINGS W W W Power Dissipation... Internally Limited Input Voltage (Note )... V Operating Input Voltage.V,.6V Devices... V 5V Devices... V V Devices... 5V Operating Junction Temperature Range C Grades Control Section... C to 5 C Power Transistor... C to 5 C M Grades Control Section C to 5 C Power Transistor C to C Storage Temperature Range C to 5 C Lead Temperature (Soldering, sec)... C Note : Although the devices maximum operating voltage is limited, (V for a V, 5V device, and 5V for a V device) the devices are guaranteed to withstand transient input voltages up to V. For input voltages greater than the maximum operating input voltage some degradation of specifications will occur. For input/output voltage differentials greater than 5V, a minimum external load of 5mA is required to maintain regulation. PRECONDITIONING % Thermal Limit Functional Test. PACKAGE/ORDER INFORMATION K PACKAGE -LEAD TO- METAL CAN CASE IS OTPT W ORDER PART NMBER LT8CK-5 LT8CK- LT8MK-5 LT8MK- LT8CK-5 LT8CK- LT8MK-5 LT8MK- LT85CK-5 LT85CK- LT85MK-5 LT85MK- TAB IS OTPT FRONT VIEW P PACKAGE -LEAD TO-P PLASTIC V OT ORDER PART NMBER LT8CP-5 LT8CP- LT8CP-5 LT8CP- θ JA = 5 C/W θ JA = 5 C/W TAB IS OTPT FRONT VIEW T PACKAGE -LEAD PLASTIC TO- θ JA = 5 C/W V OT Consult factory for Industrial grade parts. LT8CT-. LT8CT-5 LT8CT- LT85CT-. LT85CT-.6 LT85CT-5 LT85CT- TAB IS OTPT FRONT VIEW V OT M PACKAGE -LEAD PLASTIC DD θ JA = C/W* *WITH PACKAGE SOLDERED TO.5IN COPPER AREA OVER BACKSIDE GROND PLANE OR INTERNAL POWER PLANE. θ JA CAN VARY FROM C/W TO > C/W DEPENDING ON MONTING TECHNIQE. LT85CM-. LT85CM-.6 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX NITS Output Voltage LT8-. I OT = ma, T J = 5 C, = 8V (K Package Only).7.. V I OT 5A,.8V 5V (Note 8) V LT85-. = 5V, I OT = ma, T J = 5 C (K Package Only).7.. V.8V 5V, I OT A (Note 8) V LT85-.6 = 5V, I OT = ma, T J = 5 C (K Package Only) V 5V 5V, I OT A (Note 8).5.67 V 5V 5V, I OT A, TJ C (Note 8) V

3 LT8/8/85 Fixed ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX NITS Output Voltage LT V 5V, I OT.5A (Note 8) V =.75V, I OT = A, T J C.5.67 V =.75V, I OT =.5A, T J C.5.67 V =.75V, I OT =.5A, T J > C V LT8//5-5 I OT = ma, T J = 5 C, = 8V (K Package Only) V I OT I FLLOAD, 6.5V V (Notes, 5, 6, 8) V LT8//5- I OT = ma, T J = 5 C, = 5V (K Package Only).88.. V I OT I FLLOAD,.5V 5V (Notes, 5, 6, 8).76.. V Line Regulation LT8-. I OT = ma, T J = 5 C,.8V 5V.5 6 mv. 6 mv LT85-..8V 5V, I OT = ma, T J = 5 C.5 6 mv. 6 mv LT V 5V, I OT = ma, T J = 5 C.5 6 mv. 6 mv LT8//5-5 I OT = ma, T J = 5 C, 6.5V V (Notes, ).5 mv. mv LT8//5- I OT = ma, T J = 5 C,.5V 5V (Notes, ). 5 mv. 5 mv Load Regulation LT8-. = 5V, I OT 5A, T J = 5 C 5 mv 7 mv LT85-. = 5V, I OT A, T J = 5 C 5 mv 7 mv LT85-.6 = 5.5V, I OT A, T J = 5 C 5 mv 7 mv LT8//5-5 = 8V, I OT I FLLLOAD, T J = 5 C (Notes,,, 5) 5 mv 5 mv LT8//5- = 5V, I OT I FLLLOAD, T J = 5 C (Notes,,, 5) 6 mv 7 mv Dropout Voltage LT8/5-. V OT = mv, I OT = I FLL LOAD (Notes, 5)..5 V LT85-.6 V OT = 6mV, I OT = I FLL LOAD (Notes, 5)..5 V LT8//5-5 V OT = 5mV, I OT = I FLL LOAD (Notes, 5)..5 V LT8//5- V OT = mv, I OT = I FLL LOAD (Notes, 5)..5 V Current Limit LT8-5 = V A LT8- = 7V A LT8-. = 8V A LT8-5 = V A LT8- = 7V A LT85-./.6 = 8V.. A LT85-5 = V.. A LT85- = 7V.. A Quiescient Current LT8-. = 8V 5.. ma LT85-. = 8V 5.. ma LT85-.6 = 8V 5.. ma LT8//5-5 V 5.. ma LT8//5-5V 5.. ma Thermal Regulation LT8-5/ T A = 5 C, ms pulse.. %/W LT8-./5/..5 %/W LT85-./.6/5/.. %/W Ripple Rejection f = Hz, C OT = 5µF Tantalum, I OT = I FLLLOAD LT8-. f = Hz, C OT = 5µF Tantalum, I OT = 5A, = 6.V 6 7 db

4 LT8/8/85 Fixed ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX NITS Ripple Rejection LT85-. f = Hz, C OT = 5µF Tantalum, = 6.V, I OT = A 6 7 db LT85-.6 f = Hz, C OT = 5µF Tantalum, = 6.6V, I OT = A 6 7 db LT8//5-5 = 8V (Note 5) 6 68 db LT8//5- = 5V (Note 5) 5 6 db Temperature Stability.5 % Long Term Stability T A = 5 C, Hrs... % RMS Output Noise T A = 5 C, (% of V OT ) Hz = f khz. % Thermal Resistance Control Circuitry/Power Transistor (See Applications Information) Junctrion-to-Case LT8 K Package.6/.6 C/W P Package.5/.6 C/W LT8 K Package.75/. C/W P Package.65/. C/W T Package.65/.7 C/W LT85 K Package.9/. C/W T Package.7/. C/W DD Package.7/. C/W The denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range. Note : See thermal regulation specifications for changes in output voltage due to heating effects. Load and line regulation are measured at a constant junction temperature by low duty cycle pulse testing. Note : Line and load regulation are guaranteed up to the maximum power dissipation (6W for the LT8, 5W for the LT8 (K, P), W for the LT8 (T) and W for the LT85). Power dissipation is determined by the input/output differential and the output current. Guaranteed maximum power dissipation will not be available over the full input/output range. Note : I FLL LOAD is defined in the current limit curves. The I FLLLOAD curve is defined as the minimum value of current limit as a function of input to output voltage. Note that the 6W power dissipation for the LT8 (5W for the LT8 (K, P), W for the LT8 (T), W for the LT85) is only achievable over a limited range of input to output voltage. Note : Dropout voltage is specified over the full output current range of the device. Test points and limits are shown on the Dropout Voltage curve. Note 5: For LT8 I FLL LOAD is 5A for 55 C T J C and 7.5A for T J C. Note 6:.7V ( V OT ) 5V for LT8 at 55 C T J C. Note 7: Dropout voltage.7v maximum for LT8 at 55 T J C. Note 8: Full load current is not available at all input-output voltages. See Notes,,5. TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS W MINIMM INPT/OTPT DIFFERENTIAL (V) LT8 Dropout Voltage INDICATES GARANTEED TEST POINT C T J 5 C C T J 5 C T J = 5 C T J = 5 C T J = 55 C OTPT CRRENT (A) SHORT-CIRCIT CRRENT (A) 8 6 LT8 Short-Circuit Current 55 C I FLL LOAD GARANTEED 5 C 5 C INPT/OTPT DIFFERENTIAL (V) OTPT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (%) LT8 Load Regulation I = 7.5A TEMPERATRE ( C) LT8//5 FIXED G LT8//5 FIXED G LT8//5 FIXED G

5 LT8/8/85 Fixed TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS W MINIMN INPT/OTPT DIFFERENTIAL (V) LT8 Dropout Voltage LT8 Short Circuit Current LT8 Load Regulation INDICATES GARANTEED TEST POINT C T J 5 C T J = 5 C 55 C T J 5 C T J = 5 C OTPT CRRENT (A) T J = 55 C 5 6 SHORT-CIRCIT CRRENT (A) C 5 C I FLL LOAD GARANTEED 5 C INPT/OTPT DIFFERENTIAL (V) OTPT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (%) I = 5A TEMPERATRE ( C) LT8//5 FIXEDG LT8//5 FIXED G5 LT8//5 FIXED G6 MINIMM INPT/OTPT DIFFERENTIAL (V) LT85 Dropout Voltage INDICATES GARANTEED TEST POINT C T J 5 C T J = 5 C 55 C T J 5 C T J = 5 C T J = 55 C OTPT CRRENT (A) SHORT-CIRCIT CRRENT (A) 6 5 LT85 Short-Circuit Current 55 C I FLL LOAD GARANTEED 5 C 5 C INPT/OTPT DIFFERENTIAL (V) OTPT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (%) LT85 Load Regulation I = A TEMPERATRE ( C) LT8//5 FIXED G7 LT8//5 FIXED G8 LT8//5 FIXED G9 LT8//5-5 Ripple Rejection LT8//5-5 Ripple Rejection vs Current Temperature Stability RIPPLE REJECTION (db) V RIPPLE V P-P ( V OT ) V DROPOT I OT = I FLL LOAD V RIPPLE.5V P-P ( V OT ) V RIPPLE REJECTION (db) f R = khz V RIPPLE.5V P-P f R = Hz V RIPPLE V P-P OTPT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%)... k k k FREQENCY (Hz) OTPT CRRENT ( TO I FLL LOAD ) TEMPERATRE ( C) 5 8//5 FIXED G 8//5 FIXED G LT8//5 FIXED G 5

6 LT8/8/85 Fixed TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS W RIPPLE REJECTION (db) LT8//5- Ripple Rejection V RIPPLE V P-P ( V OT ) V DROPOT I OT = I FLL LOAD V RIPPLE.5V P-P ( V OT ) V RIPPLE REJECTION (db) LT8//5- Ripple Rejection vs Current f R = khz V RIPPLE.5V P-P f R = Hz V RIPPLE V P-P POWER (W) LT8 Maximum Power Dissipation* LT8MK LT8CK LT8CP k k k FREQENCY (Hz) 8//5 FIXED G OTPT CRRENT ( TO I FLL LOAD ) 8//5 FIXED G CASE TEMPERATRE ( C) * AS LIMITED BY MAXIMM JNCTION TEMPERATRE LT8//5 FIXED G5 6 LT8 Maximum Power Dissipation* 5 LT85 Maximum Power Dissipation* POWER (W) 5 LT8CT LT8MK LT8CP POWER (W) LT85MK LT85CT LT8CK CASE TEMPERATRE ( C) * AS LIMITED BY MAXIMM JNCTION TEMPERATRE LT8//5 FIXED G6 LT85CK CASE TEMPERATRE ( C) * AS LIMITED BY MAXIMM JNCTION TEMPERATRE LT8//5 FIXED G7 6

7 BLOCK DIAGRAM W LT8/8/85 Fixed THERMAL LIMIT LT8//5 BD APPLICATIONS INFORMATION W The LT8 family of three-terminal regulators are easy to use and have all the protection features that are expected in high performance voltage regulators. They are short circuit protected, have safe area protection as well as thermal shutdown to turn off the regulator should the temperature exceed about 65 C. These regulators offer lower dropout voltage and more precise reference tolerance. Further, the reference stability with temperature is improved over older types of regulators. The only circuit difference between using the LT8 family and older regulators is that they require an output capacitor for stability. Stability The circuit design used in the LT8 family requires the use of an output capacitor as part of the device frequency compensation. For all operating conditions, the addition of 5µF aluminum electrolytic or a µf solid tantalum on the output will ensure stability. Normally capacitors much smaller than this can be used with the LT8. Many different types of capacitors with widely varying characteristics are available. These capacitors differ in capacitor tolerance (sometimes ranging up to ±%), equivalent series resistance, and capacitance temperature coefficient. The 5µF or µf values given will ensure stability. Normally, capacitor values on the order of µf are used in the output of many regulators to ensure good transient response with heavy load current changes. Output capacitance can be increased without limit and larger values of output capacitance further improve stability and transient response of the LT8 regulators. Another possible stability problem that can occur in monolithic IC regulators is current limit oscillations. These can occur because in current limit the safe area protection exhibits a negative impedance. The safe area protection decreases the current limit as the input-to-output voltage increases.that is the equivalent of having a negitive resistance since increasing voltage causes current to decrease. Negitive resistance during current limit is not unique to the LT8 series and has been present on all power IC regulators. The value of negative resistance is a function of how fast the current limit is folded back as input-to- 7

8 LT8/8/85 Fixed APPLICATIONS INFORMATION W output voltage increases. This negative resistance can react with capacitors or inductors on the input to cause oscillations during current limiting. Depending on the value of series resistance, the overall circuitry may end up unstable. Since this is a system problem, it is not necessarily easy to solve; however it does not cause any problems with the IC regulator and can usually be ignored. Protection Diodes In normal operation the LT8 family does not need any protection diodes, The internal diode between the input and the output pins of the LT8 family can handle microsecond surge currents of 5A to A. Even with large output capacitances it is very difficult to get those values of surge current in normal operation. Only with high value output capacitors, such as µf to 5µF and with the input pin instantaneously shorted to ground, can damage occur. A crowbar circuit at the input of the LT8 can generate those kinds of currents and a diode from output-to-input is then recommended. Normal power supply cycling or even plugging and unplugging in the system will not generate currents large enough to do any damage. IN D N (OPTIONAL) LT8 ADJ OT C OT 5µF V OT LT8//5 AI Overload Recovery Like any of the IC power regulators, the LT8 has safe area protection. The safe area protection decreases the current limit as input-to-output voltage increases and keeps the power transistor inside a safe operating region for all values of input-to-output voltage. The LT8 protection is designed to provide some output current at all values of input-to-output voltage up to the device breakdown. When power is first turned on, as the input voltage rises, the output follows the input, allowing the regulator to start up into very heavy loads. During the start-up, as the input voltage is rising, the input-to-output voltage differential remains small allowing the regulator to supply large output currents. With high input voltage a problem can occur wherein removal of an output short will not allow the output voltage to recover. Older regulators such as the 78 series, also exhibited this phenomenon so it is not unique to the LT8. The problem occurs with a heavy output load when the input voltage is high and the output voltage is low, such as immediately after a removal of a short. The load line for such a load may intersect the output current curve at two points. If this happens there are two stable output operating points for the regulator. With this double intersection the power supply may need to be cycled down to zero and brought up again to make the output recover. Ripple Rejection In applications that require improved ripple rejection the LT8 series adjustable regulators should be used. With LT8 series adjustable regulators the addition of a bypass capacitor from the adjust pin to ground will reduce output ripple by the ratio of V OT /.5V. See LT8 series adjustable regulator data sheet. Load Regulation Because the LT8 is a three-terminal device, it is not possible to provide true remote load sensing. Load regulation will not be limited by the resistance of the wire connecting the regulator to the load. The data sheet specification for the load regulation is measured at the bottom of the package. Negative side sensing is a true Kelvin connection, with the ground pin of the device returned to the negative side of the load. Thermal Considerations The LT8 series of regulators have internal power and thermal limiting circuitry designed to protect the device under overload conditions. For continuous normal load conditions however, maximum junction temperature ratings must not be exceeded. It is important to give careful consideration to all sources of thermal resistance from junction to ambient. This includes junction-to-case, caseto-heat sink interface, and heat sink resistance itself. New 8

9 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION W thermal resistance specifications have been developed to more accurately reflect device temperature and ensure safe operating temperatures. The data section for these new regulators provides a separate thermal resistance and maximum junction temperature for both the Control Section and the Power Section. Previous regulators, with a single junction-to-case thermal resistance specification, used an average of the two values provided here and therefore could allow excessive junction temperatures under certain conditions of ambient temperature and heat sink resistance. To avoid this possibility, calculations should be made for both sections to ensure that both thermal limits are met. Junction-to-case thermal resistance is specified from the IC junction to the bottom of the case directly below the die. This is the lowest resistance path for heat flow. Proper mounting is required to ensure the best possible thermal flow from this area of the package to the heat sink. Thermal compound at the case-to-heat sink interface is strongly recommended. If the case of the device must be electronically isolated, a thermally conductive spacer can be used as long as its added contribution to thermal resistance is considered. Note that the case of all devices in this series is electronically connected to the ouput. LT8/8/85 Fixed For example, using a LT8-5CK (TO-, Commercial) and assuming: (max continuous) = 9V, V OT = 5V, I OT = 6A, T A = 75 C θ HEAT SINK = C/W, θ CASE-TO-HEAT SINK =. C/W for K package with thermal compound. Power dissipation under these conditions is equal to: P D = ( V OT ) (I OT ) = W Junction temperature will be equal to: T J = T A P D (θ HEAT SINK θ CASE-TO-HEAT SINK θ JC ) For the Control Section: T J = 75 C W ( C/W. C/W.6 C/W) = 8 C 8 C < 5 C = T JMAX (Control Section Commercial Range) For the Power Transistor: T J = 75 C W ( C/W. C/W.6 C/W) = C C < 5 C = T JMAX (Power Transistor Commercial Range) In both cases the junction temperature is below the maximum rating for the respective sections, ensuring reliable operation. High Efficiency Regulator TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 8V INPT k mh,µf MR IN 7Ω LT8-5 OT OTPT 8V N9 k M N8 k LT k 8V N9 LT8//5 TA 9

10 LT8/8/85 Fixed TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Paralleling Regulators IN IN LT8-5 LT8-5 OT OT.5Ω FEET #8 WIRE* V OT = 5V I OT = A TO 5A *THE #8 WIRE ACTS AS BALLAST RESISTANCE INSRING CRRENT SHARING BETWEEN BOTH DEVICES LT8//5 TA 7.5A Regulator VAC T TRIAD F-69 CB Ω Ω T L MH N IN LT8- OT C 5,µF LT-. V A TO 7.5A µf N CB N N9 µf 56Ω 5V 6k* 6k* 8k k N8 5k 8 LT 5V 5V 7 k.µf NC k* pf * % FILM RESISTOR L-DALE TO-5 TYPE T-STANCOR Z- 8 5V 7 LT REGLATOR WITH SCR PREREGLATOR TO LOWER POWER DISSIPATION. ABOT.7V DIFFERENTIAL IS MAINTAINED ACROSS THE LT8 INDEPENDENT OF LOAD CRRENT. N9 k 5k 5V 6 8 LMA 7 5V 5V µf LT8//5 TA5 k*

11 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS LT8/8/85 Fixed Adjusting Output Voltage Regulator with Reference > V µf LT85-5 5V to V µf >.5V LT85-5 V µf µf 5V OT µf* k LT9 LT8//5 TA6 LT8//5 TA7 *OPTIONAL IMPROVES RIPPLE REJECTION Low Dropout Negative Supply IN LT8- OT,µF µf FLOATING INPT V OT = V LT8//5 TA8 Battery Backed p Regulated Supply LT8-5 5.V LINE 5.V BATTERY SELECT FOR CHARGE RATE µf 5Ω LT V µf µf LT8//5 TA9 Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.

12 LT8/8/85 Fixed PACKAGE DESCRIPTION Dimension in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted. M Package -Lead Plastic DD T Package -Lead Plastic TO-.6 (.5)... ( )... ( ). ±.5 (.85 ±.8) 5 TYP. ±. (.5 ±.5).5 ±.8 (.7 ±.).75 ±.8 (.5 ±.).59 (.99) TYP. ±.5 (.559 ±.7).5 ±.8 (.7 ±.)..8. (...).5 ±.8 (.667 ±.).5 ±. (.7 ±.5) DD (.7.9).5.8 ( ).8. ( ).9.5 (.5.886) DIA (. 6.5).5.8 MIN (.9.699).5.7 ( ).5.55 ( ).7.7 (.686.9).9. (.86.79).5 (.7) TYP.5.5 (.8.65).79.5 (.7.9) T 69 K Package -Lead TO- Metal Can P Package -Lead TO-P Plastic..5 ( )..8 (.67.9) ( ).6.5 (.5.9).8.87 (.8.).6.6O ( ) MONTING HOLE.5.5 (.9.68) DIA.7.OO (. 5.8) ( ).6.8 (.5.).8. (.965.9).58.6OO (.7 5.) EJECTOR PIN MARKS.5.5 (.67.8) DIA.. ( ) (9.9.) (.7.96).5.6 (.86.9) DIA.78.8 (9.8.).7 (.) MAX (.8.5) ( ) (.57.) (..9) R TYP K (.7.).7.8 (.88.).5 (5.6) BSC.. (.87.).87. (..59).. (.5.) P 89 Linear Technology Corporation 6 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA (8) -9 FAX: (8) -57 TELEX: LT/GP 6/9 5K REV B PRINTED IN SA LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 99

13 This datasheet has been downloaded from: Datasheets for electronic components.

ABSOLTE MAXIMM RATINGS W W W... 7V Operating Junction Temperature Range Control Section... 0 C to 125 C Power Transistor... 0 C to 150 C Storage Tempe

ABSOLTE MAXIMM RATINGS W W W... 7V Operating Junction Temperature Range Control Section... 0 C to 125 C Power Transistor... 0 C to 150 C Storage Tempe FEATRES Fast Transient Response Guaranteed Dropout Voltage at Multiple Currents Load Regulation: 0.05% Typ Trimmed Current Limit On-Chip Thermal Limiting APPLICATIONS Intel Pentium Pro Processor GTL Supply