Harmful Effects of Penetrated Electric Field of Mobile Phone Tower Radiations on Skin and Blood Tissues of Human Body

Transcription

1 Mushtaq Ahed Bhat et al /J. Phar. Sci. & Res. Vol. 8(2), 216, 9-66 Harful Effects of Penetrated Electric Field of Mobile Phone Tower Radiations on Skin and Blood Tissues of Huan Body 1 Mushtaq Ahed Bhat and 2 Dr. Vijay Kuar 1 Research Scholar Departent of Physics Graphic Era University Dehradun ( U. K ), 2 Associate Professor Departent of Physics Graphic Era University Dehradun ( U. K). Abstract: The radiations fro obile phone tower were exposed to the huan body tissues and were penetrated into it where the penetrated electric field was reduced exponentially with depth inside the huan body. In this paper we find the harful distances fro the obile phone tower electroagnetic waves into huan skin and blood tissues are studied. These harful effects are done at frequencies 8, 9, 18 and 24 MHz and radiated power of 2 Watts is taken for this study. Key words: Skin and blood tissues, electroagnetic waves, obile phone tower. 1 INTRODUCTION Recently the use of obile phone is wide spread in our production and heat loss, the teperature regulation in huan beings has evolved with the developent of society. Today ore than 1. billion people are using autonoic and behavioral echaniss but the obile phones worldwide in which high frequency waves are used and this nuber is ever increasing. Mainly four frequencies 8, 9, 18 and 24 MHz of electroagnetic waves are used for obile phone counication. These frequencies are known as obile theroregulatory echanis of the huan being copensates the effect and reduces the risk at soe extent. There occurs a robust growth on a global scale in telecounication industries. In id of 198s, there has been a significant increase in nuber of obile phone frequencies. The coon counication phone users and installation of base stations throughout technologies are global syste for counications the world. In 24, statistics fro the Multiedia GSM 8, GSM 9, GSM 18 and GSM 24. In Coission (MC) and Departent of India ost coon obile phone counication technologies are GSM 9 and GSM 18. Towers have situated to transit the signals at every corner of city and villages of our country. These towers are Telecounication (DOT) Delhi reveals that obile phone radiation penetration rate is.9 persons per hundred population or 14.4 illion subscribers [2]. Soeties obile phone called cellular phone or essential part of obile phone counication network. handset, for an integral part of odern It is necessary to establish connection between obile phone counication and rest of the network. For transitting signals nuerous towers have been installed in ost of the Asian countries e. g, 18 base stations are operated in India. At 9 MHz frequency, the reference level for exposure of general population is telecounications and social lifestyle. Only obile phones are available in soe parts of the world, they are the ost reliable. In other countries obile phones becoe very popular because they allow people to aintain continuous and constant counication without any obstructing their freedo of oveent. 4. W/ 2 [1]. Exposure range for general population The individual obile phone operates by due to GSM signals is typically between soe few hundred W/ 2. Due to the installation of nuerous towers, ost population is in direct contact with continuous radiation. This prolonged exposure of obile phone radiation can increase theral hazards in any folds. To regulate the balance between heat counicating with a fixed installation known as obile phone base station or telecounications structure. Since the obile phone and their base station are two way radios as they produce radiofrequency (RF) radiations by eans of counicating and expose the people near the. 9

2 Mushtaq Ahed Bhat et al /J. Phar. Sci. & Res. Vol. 8(2), 216, 9-66 About 4. lakh obile phone towers are operated in India to eet the counication deand; these nubers are increasing day by day [3]. The frequency range of obile phone towers are MHz (CDMA), 9 96 MHz (GSM 9) and MHz (GSM 18). Also 3G has been deployed in all the cities whose towers transits frequency range of MHz. Majority of these towers are ounted near the residential buildings and offices to provide good counication coverage to the users. The transitting power of obile phone tower is designed in such a way that it covers distance of few kiloeters, so that that a obile phone handset at that distance should be able to transit and receive enough signal for proper counication. All of us are aware of the great role that wireless counications has played in bringing the telephony and counications to the Indian people. Mobile phones are now an integral part of odern telecounications. In any countries, over half of the population is using obile phone and the arket is growing very rapidly. There is an estiation of 6.9 billion subscriptions globally at the end of 214 [4]. A obile phone is an iportant tool for a ankind. No doubt it provides great service in our life. As every goodness is attached with an evil, so the obile phone. Microwave frequencies are electroagnetic waves, used in obile phone technology are very high frequencies used as edia to carry inforation fro one end to other. Microwave frequencies are harful if one reains exposed for long period. To grow econoy and profit, copanies are aking sufficient obile phone users, ultiately society is at risk. Mobile phone arkets are becoing ore efficient but reality is that a great risk and uncertainty reains with user. The effects of obile phone radiations on huan health are the subject of recent study and interest, as the enorous increase in obile phone usage throughout the world []. Mobile phone radiations are electroagnetic radiations in the icrowave range. Digital wireless syste, such as data counication networks, also produce siilar radiations. Health syptos of obile phone radiation have been investigated by any scientific studies. These scientific studies are occasionally reviewed by soe scientific coittees to see overall health risks. The European Coission Scientific Coittee on Eerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) published a recent assessent in 27 to access overall risks [6]. The non ionizing electroagnetic waves affect the huan health directly and indirectly. When high frequency radiation is absorbed by huan body, then power is absorbed it. The ost coon coplaints due to the power absorption are eory loss, behavior change, headache, sleep disruption, discofort, depression, nausea, dizziness, irritability, appetite loss, nubness, uscle spass, tingling, altered reflexes, subjects reported buzzing in the head, light headedness, palpitations of the heart, heat, cardiovascular probles, visual disorders, agitation, nervousness, respiratory probles, etc. More severe reactions include paralysis, seizures, stroke and psychosis. Mobile phone radiation can daage hair cells whose age is between 18- years. These hair cells do not regenerate causing hearing probles in huan being. All these changes are related to electrical activity of the huan brain. 2 CALCULATIONS OF PENETRATED ELECTRIC FIELD If obile phone tower is consider as point source, the radiation is eitted around are as spherical wave front of radius r. Let E be the incident electric field and P is power of radiation around the transission tower, then radiating power per unit area is represented by.. (1) E 4πr P = 2 2πr ε c 1 = ε E 2 P = c r P 6

3 Mushtaq Ahed Bhat et al /J. Phar. Sci. & Res. Vol. 8(2), 216, 9-66 Where ε is the perittivity of free space and c the velocity of radiation If the obile phone tower of power radiates 2W power, the electric field can be calculated by E = /r (2) inside the biological tissues can be calculated by the equation E z = E o e (-z/δ )...(3) At 9 MHz, σ =.8446 W K 1 1, of skin depth δ = 43.2 At 8 MHz,σ =.8864 W K 1 1, skin depth δ = 4.9, z=.1,.2,.3,.4 and. The value of density ρ for blood=16 kg 3, for skin=17 kg 3 For frequency of EMW of 1 MHz 1 GHz its safe liit =.4 W/kg [7]. Reference levels for general public exposure to tievarying electric fields with frequency (f) [7]. Where E z is the field inside the depth z, E is the agnitude of field inside the boundary and δ is skin depth. For biological aterials skin depth is given by (4) 1 δ = ωq Where σconductivity of biological aterial and ω is is angular frequency of radiation. Standard values At 24 MHz, σ = W K 1 1, skin depth δ = 28.88, At 18 MHz, σ = W K 1 1, skin depth δ = 28.88, For frequency f=24 MHz, E=68.9 V/ For frequency f=18 MHz, E=8.33 V/ For frequency f=9 MHz, E=4. V/ For frequency f=8 MHz, E=38.89 V/ 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION For the calculation of penetrated electric field inside the body, the distance of obile phone tower is taken 1 to c fro the body for the study of skin and blood tissues at frequencies 8, 9, 18 and 24 MHz. The coputed penetrated electric field around the obile phone tower at different frequency and at distance of 1 to fro the huan body. The calculation has been ade by equation 2. Table 1 Penetrated (Ez) electric field for skin at frequency 8 MHz Distance field fro tower around huan body(e) in () in (V/) Fig 1 represents variation of penetrated electric field inside the skin with depth of.1,.2,.3,.4 and. fro obile phone tower at frequency 8 MHz 61

4 Mushtaq Ahed Bhat et al /J. Phar. Sci. & Res. Vol. 8(2), 216, Fig. 1 in (V/) the tower in Table 2 for skin at frequency 9 MHz field around huan body(e) in (V/) Fig 2 represents variation of penetrated electric field inside the skin with depth of.1,.2,.3,.4 and. fro obile phone tower at frequency 9 MHz 4 fro tower Fig the tower Table 3 for skin at frequency 18MHz 62

5 Mushtaq Ahed Bhat et al /J. Phar. Sci. & Res. Vol. 8(2), 216, 9-66 field around huan body(e) in (V/) Fig 3 represents variation of penetrated electric field inside the skin with depth of.1,.2,.3,.4 and. fro obile phone tower at frequency 18 MHz. Penetratd electric field fro tower Fig Table 4 for skin at frequency (f) =24 MHz Distance field fro tower around huan in () body(e) in (V/) Fig 4 represents variation of penetrated electric field inside the skin with depth of.1,.2,.3,.4 and. fro obile phone tower at frequency 24 MHz 63

6 Mushtaq Ahed Bhat et al /J. Phar. Sci. & Res. Vol. 8(2), 216, Fig Table for blood tissue at frequency (f)= 8MHz field around huan body(e) in (V/) Fig represents variation of penetrated electric field inside the blood with depth of.1,.2,.3,.4 and. fro obile phone tower at frequency 8 MHz Fig Table 6 for blood at frequency 9 MHz field around huan body(e) in (V/) Fig 6 represents variation of penetrated electric field inside the blood with depth of.1,.2,.3,.4 and. fro obile phone tower at frequency 9 MHz 64

7 Mushtaq Ahed Bhat et al /J. Phar. Sci. & Res. Vol. 8(2), 216, Fig Table 7 for blood at frequency 18 MHz field around huan body(e) in (V/) Fig 7 represents variation of penetrated electric field inside the blood with depth of.1,.2,.3,.4 and. fro obile phone tower at frequency 18 MHz 4 Fig Table 8 for blood at frequency 24 MHz field around huan body(e) in (V/)

8 Mushtaq Ahed Bhat et al /J. Phar. Sci. & Res. Vol. 8(2), 216, 9-66 Fig 8 represents variation of penetrated electric field inside the blood with depth of.1,.2,.3,.4 and. fro obile phone tower at frequency 24 MHz 4 Fig CONCLUSION The penetrated electric field inside the body of huan beings due to the radiation of obile phone is calculated. These penetrated electric fields are copared with the international standard safety liits of ICNRP, WHO, NRPB etc. Generally obile phone tower radiates power in the range of 2 watts to 6 watts and obile phone handset radiates 2 watts (peak value). For the calculation of penetrated electric field the power of the obile phone tower, the power is taken 2 watts. The calculation has been ade around the obile phone hand set fro 1 to is given in table 1. Tables fro 2 to 9 represent penetrated electric field (V/) at.1 to. depth inside the skin and blood due to the electroagnetic wave of frequencies 8, 9, 18, 24 MHz fro 1 to distance fro the obile phone tower. The calculated electric field given in this table decreases as the distance fro the tower increases. 98. % penetrated electric field increases at different depth inside the body when we ove fro to 1 towards the tower. Figure 2 to 9 represent the variation of penetrated electric field inside selected tissues the skin and blood with depth of.1,.2,.3,.4 and. fro obile phone tower at frequencies 8, 9, 18, 24 MHz. The electroagnetic wave of frequencies 8 MHz, 9 MHz, 18 MHz and 24 MHz of obile phone tower are not harful for skin and blood, tissues of huan body up to 1 distance REFERENCES [1] Panda, Audiologic disturbances in long-ter obile phone users, J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, Chandigarh, vol.1, no.9, pp [2] Annual report, Departent of Telecounication Ministry of Counication & Inforation Technology Governent of India New Delhi, 24-. [3] Annual report, Departent of Telecounication Ministry of Counication & Inforation Technology Governent of India New Delhi, [4] Annual report, Departent of Telecounication Ministry of Counication & Inforation Technology Governent of India New Delhi, [] L. Stefan, Ahlbo, A. Hall and F. Maria, "Long- Ter Mobile Phone Use and Brain Tuor Risk", Aerican Journal of Epideiology, vol. 161, no. 6pp.26,. [6] L. Anna, A. Anssi, R, Jani, Schoeaker, j. M. Christensen, C. Helle, F. Maria; J. Christoffer, K. Lars "Mobile phone use and risk of glioa in North European countries". International Journal of Cancer, vol. 12, no.8, pp , 27. [7] ICNIRP www. icnirp. Org / docuents / efgdl.pdf,