Train Control. On-board systems and technologies. Shigeto HIRAGURI. Railway Technical Research Institute

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1 Train Control On-board systems and technologies Shigeto HIRAGURI Signalling and Telecommunications Technology Division

2 Contents Outline of conventional train control systems in Japan ATS (Automatic Train Stop) systems ATC (Automatic Train Control) systems Conclusions

3 Outline of conventional train control systems in Japan ATS (Automatic Train Stop) systems ATC (Automatic Train Control) systems Conclusions

4 Train control systems in Japan ATS (Automatic Train Stop) Backup system to prevent SPAD (signal passed at danger) (Signal : Wayside) Intermittent transmission (warning) using beacon Automatic activation of the emergency brake (in case of driver s s inappropriate operation) ATC (Automatic Train Control) Signalling system; Cab signal Continuous transmission (speed signal) using track circuit Automatic activation and release of the service brake

5 Outline of conventional train control systems in Japan ATS (Automatic Train Stop) systems ATC (Automatic Train Control) systems Conclusions

6 Progress of ATS in JNR and JR group On-board warning device 1960s ATS-S Addition of functions Immediate stop at absolute signal Speed check etc. 1990s ATS-Sx Sx 1980s 2000s ATS-Ps ATS-X ATS-P Continuous speed control Digital data transmission Continuous speed control Continuous speed control Digital data transmission

7 ATS-S 5 seconds Acknowledge and braking operation beacon Without acknowledge operation Bell rings Acknowledge operation within 5 seconds Chime rings Manually stopped 5 seconds Emergency brake

8 On-board equipment of ATS-S Alarm Beacon (On-board) Receiver Brake (Magnet valve) Beacon (Ground) Amplifier Filter Relay f = 105kHz Amplifier Filter Relay f = 130kHz Beacon (Ground) LC resonance circuit f = 103kHz Beacon (Ground) f = 130kHz Stop signal

9 Improved ATS-S S (ATS-Sx) Sx) Introduced from 1991 Immediate stop at the absolute signal which indicates stop Speed check function 5 seconds Without acknowledge Emergency brake Emergency brake Alarm (130kHz) Speed check (108.5kHz) Immediate stop (123kHz)

10 ATS-P Introduced from 1988 Intermittent transmission by transponder Speed profile is generated by on-board equipment 30+a m a [m] 650m 180m 30m

11 On-board equipment of ATS-P Receiver Speed check Recorder Control device Brake device Beacon Fixed information e.g. Speed limit Beacon (without power supply) Beacon (650m) Distance to stop signal Beacon (180m) Beacon (30m) Encoder Conditions of a signal aspect

12 ATS-Ps Introduced from 2001 Intermittent transmission same as ATS-Sx Sx Speed profile is generated based on frequencies, combination of frequencies and so on. Speed profile 1 5 seconds Without acknowledge Emergency brake Speed profile 2 Speed profile 1 (80kHz) Alarm (130kHz) Speed profile 2 Immediate stop (108.5kHz) (123kHz)

13 ATS-X RTRI is now developing ATS-X. Speed checking by continuous speed profile Compatible with existing ATS-Sx Sx Application of information technologies Data transmission from ground to on-board Detection of a ground beacon by communications using Spread Spectrum technology The development phase will be finished by next March

14 ATS-X Generates speed profile Brake On-board equipment 130kHz (Conventional) + Distance to stop signal Existing beacon Beacon for ATS-X Existing cable is applicable

15 Outline of conventional train control systems in Japan ATS (Automatic Train Stop) systems ATC (Automatic Train Control) systems Conclusions

16 Progress of ATC Metro line Use wayside signals Shinkansen Cab signal system Application to high speed line JNR Conventional line Application to high density commuter lines Improved ATC Continuous braking Basis are same as conventional ATC Digital ATC Continuous speed profile Future ATACS Train control based on radio communications Moving block

17 Conventional ATC [km/h] Service brake is 250 activated automatically 200 Released automatically Speed limit by ATC signal 50 0 beacon ATC signals

18 Equipment of ATC Speed check On-board signal Brake device Receiver Speed ATC signal On-board antenna ATC transmission device Train detection conditions Receiver

19 On-board signal and speed meter ATC signal km/h km/h 空線 ATC 定速 Example of Shinkansen (ATC signal = 275km/h) Example of conventional line

20 Improved ATC Introduced from 1991 Brake control with continuous speed profile Multiple speed signal Mainly used in private railway companies (km/h) ATC signals

21 On-board indicator of the improved ATC Proceed signal Stop signal Received ATC signal

22 Digital ATC Introduced from 2002 Speed checking by continuous speed profile Digital data transmission using track circuits Mainly used in Shinkansen line Calculates speed profile On-board equipment Data base 1T 2T 3T 4T Brake control The number of vacant track circuits or Position (boundary of track circuit)

23 On-board equipment of Digital ATC Example of Shinkansen km/h 空線本線 ATC 定速

24 On-board equipment of Digital ATC Example of conventional line Speed meter Monitoring information On-board unit ATC antenna Beacon

25 On-board equipment of Digital ATC Example of conventional line Indicator of brake activation EB パターン超過列車防護発生 ( 列停 SW) A T C 非常 End of movement authority Train position Causes of brake activation

26 Train control using radio communications Without wayside signals and track circuits corresponds to ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 CARAT ATACS RTRI developed CARAT (Computer and Radio Aided Train Control System) Field tests (JR-West Shinkansen, JR-East Shinkansen) Basic functions Radio transmission (using LCX)

27 On-board equipment of ATACS (prototype) Radio antenna On-board radio Speed control unit On-board communication unit On-board communication unit Transmitter/ Receiver Indicator/ Terminal Beacon Brake TG * Arranged based on the article written by JR East

28 Outline of conventional train control systems in Japan ATS (Automatic Train Stop) systems ATC (Automatic Train Control) systems Conclusions

29 Conclusions Train control systems (ATS or ATC) have been improved and several types are used. High level safety and efficient transport ATS: Prevention of SPAD Additional functions (e.g. speed check) Continuous speed profile ATC: Stepwise speed signal Continuous speed profile Introduction of micro-computer computer and information technology On-board train position detection Railway companies introduce suitable system for circumstances of each line.

Automatic train control system for the Shinkansen utilizing digital train radio

Advanced Train Control Systems 27 Automatic train control system for the Shinkansen utilizing digital train radio T. Igarashi 1, M. Aoyagi 1, R. Ubukata 1, N. Amiya 2 & Y. Tobita 2 1 East Japan Railway