Speed regulation vehicles using RFID

Transcription

1 Speed regulation vehicles using RFID Chandrashekar.P Electronics and communication engineering SDIT-Mangalore Karnataka-India Praveen kumar.m Electronics and communication engineering SDIT-Mangalore Karnataka-India ABSTRACT The paper gives an overview of the current state of the art in the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. Aside from a brief introduction to the principles of the technology, a survey is given on major classes of RFID tags and readers, commonly used frequencies and identifier systems, current and envisaged fields of application, as well as advantages, concerns and limitations of use. Also this paper provides an application of RIFD in Vehicle speed regulation system. An embodiment of the present invention includes a technique to monitor a vehicle. A radio frequency (RF) identification (RFID) tag is installed in a vehicle to transmit vehicle information to a vehicle monitor. The vehicle monitor transmits a command to the vehicle upon receipt of the vehicle information based on a vehicle condition. A controller activates a control action to a mechanism controlling the vehicle in response to the command. In another embodiment of the invention, the vehicle monitor includes a field generator, an RFID reader, and a controller. The field generator generates a radio frequency (RF) field to awaken radio frequency identification (RFID) tag installed in a vehicle driven by a driver. The RFID reader receives vehicle information transmitted by the RFID tag when the RFID tag is awaken by the field generator. The controller is communicatively coupled to the RFID reader to transmit a command to the vehicle based on the vehicle information and a vehicle condition. I. INTRODUCTION Radio Frequency Identification is a generic term for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects. RFID technology was first known as Identify Friend or Foe (IFF), which was 107

2 used for tracking aircraft. An RFID system consists of a tag, which is made up of a microchip with an antenna and an interrogator or reader with an antenna. The reader sends out electromagnetic waves. The tag antenna is tuned to receive these waves. A passive RFID tag draws power from field created by the reader and uses it to power the microchip s circuits. The chip then modulates the waves that the tag sends back to the reader and the reader converts the new waves into digital data. For the purpose of Vehicle Identification, the tags are embedded into the Vehicle. The reader sends the electromagnetic waves to the tag. The tags draw the power from this wave and return back the vehicle information, which are stored in its memory to reader. The readers again demodulate this wave and convert it as a digital data. At the core of an RFID tag or label is a transponder inlay that is inserted between layers, usually in a pressure sensitive construction. The inlays, which are battery less, are specifically designed to be converted into tag and label applications by a label manufacturer. II. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM 433 MHZ RECEIVERS DRIVING SYSTEM DECODER ELECTRO MECHANICAL VALVE VEHICLE FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM MICRO CONTROLLER Figure1. BLOCK DIAGRAM For vehicle safety and safety for passengers in vehicle is an important parameter most of 108

3 the vehicles get accident because no proper safety measures are taken down especially at curves and hair pin bends. The system shown above can be used for the prevention of such a problem by indicating a pre indication and also reducing the speed of vehicles by reducing the fuel rate of vehicle. As the action is in terms of fuel rate so the vehicle automatically goes to control and avoids the accidents. The curves and hair pin bends the line of sight is not possible for the drivers the special kind of transmitter which is tuned at a frequency of 433MHZ are mounted as these transmitters continuously radiate a RF signal for some particular area. As the vehicle come within this radiation the receiver in the vehicle gets activate. The transmitter chooses here is a coded transmitter which is encoded with encoder. The encoder provides a 4 bit binary data which is serially transmitted to transmitter. The transmitter used here is ASK type (amplitude shift keying) which emits the RF radiation. The need of encoder here for every curves is the information regarding the curve can be possible to display in the vehicles. The arrangement at vehicle side is shown above a 433MHZ receiver which receives the RF signal when the transmitter frequency is interacting. The data available from receiver is in terms of serial this data has to be converted back in terms of parallel through a decoder which decodes the data and it is in the form of parallel. The decoded is interfaced to microcontroller and the controller is so programmed. The driving system drives the signal to a suitable level that which controls the action of electromechanical valve. The valve regulates the fuel rate when the RF frequency is interacting with receiver. The fuel rate goes to low level which reduces the speed of vehicle so the accidents can avoided. III. ACROSS ROAD CURVES ENCODER 433 MHZ TRANSMITTER Figure 2. ACROSS ROAD CURVES 109

4 The ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) type Transmitter tuned at 433MHz frequency gets the data out pin of HT 12E encoder IC. These 8 number of address lines & number of data lines are present in HT 12E. The data on D0-D3 pin transmitted serially & available at data O/P pin. A RF transmitter of 433MHz have a pin of data in now the serial data from HT 12E is given to this pin. The respective VCC (5V) & ground pins are connected. An antenna terminal is connected to a Telescopic antenna. If the I/P data for HT 12E is 0001 (Binary) the D0-D3 bits transmitted serially & 433MHz transmitter transmit these bits in the form of RF waves through an transmitting antenna. This transmitter is coded with 0001 and at the location the data is coded as The data which is transmitted from encoder is received by the receiver which is inside the vehicle; this data is provided to the port 1 of microcontroller. HT12E is a series of CMOS LSIs for remote control. The encoders of this type are capable of encoding 12 bits; consisting of N address bits and 12-N data bits. The HT12E has 8 address bits and 4 data bits. The data that is set on these data lines is sent serially along with the bits set on the address lines. The address bits are sent in prior to the data bits. The data as well as the address is transmitted in four successions. The data consists of differing lengths of positive going pulses for 1 and 0. The pulse width for 0 is twice the pulse width of 0. The frequency of these pulses may lie in between 1.5 KHz to 7 KHz, depending on the oscillator frequency. IV. ADVANTAGES Improved productivity & cost avoidance; Decreased cycle time & taking costs out; Reduced rework; Reduced business risk & control of assets; Improved security &service; Improved utilization of resources; Increased Revenues. V. DISADVANTAGES Bulkier due to embedding electrical components in tag; Physical/electrical damage due to environmental conditions; Read areas & orientation problems; Security concerns; Ghost tags; High cost; Vulnerable to damage. VI. APPLICATIONS Speed of transaction; Increased safety; Cost reduction; More reliable equipment; Less frustration; Faster processing of passengers; Reduced fraud; Greater reliability of equipment 110

5 VII. FUTURE SCOPE In our project, only the test vehicle was present on the road. In normal driving situations, we can expect other vehicles circulating nearby & possibly blocking or attenuating some of RFID transmitting signals, especially with large vehicles like trucks; inthis aspect, more experimentation is needed to know how this circumstance will affect the vehicle s control performance. A possible solution is the use of redundant RFID tags, placed at different locations near the restricted zones, to guarantee RF signal reception in unfavorable conditions. VIII. CONCLUSION The speed control of vehicle on road which can help to decease excessive or inadequate vehicle speed; RFID technology permits to detect the presence & identity of vehicle reliably & sufficiently in advance, so corrective actions on vehicle s behavior can be taken; The vehicle s speed is successfully controlled as a result of detection of signals, increasing driver s safety. in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification, Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons, pg [2] Främling, K., Kärkkäinen, M., Ala- Risku, T., Holmström, J., 2004: Managing Product Information in Sup-plier Networks by Object-oriented Programming Concepts, Intern. IMS Forum, Cernobbio, Italy. [3] ISO/IEC JTC1 SC31 WG4 SG Proposal, 2002: Information Technology AIDC Techniques-RFID for Item Management - Air Interface, Part 6 - Parameters for Air Interface Communications at UHF. [4] Lewis, S., 2004: A basic introduction to RFID technology and its use in the supply chain, Laran RFID, White paper. REFERENCE [1] Finkenzeller, Klaus, 2003: RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications 111