Multiple Source Synchronization for MIMO

Transcription

1 Applicaion Noe Muliple Source Synchronizaion for MIMO MG3700A Vecor Signal Generaor

2 Applicaion Noe - Muliple Source Synchronizaion for MIMO - Anrisu Sepember 2007 (1.00) Slide 1 Inroducion This applicaion noe gives a brief descripion of he fundamenals of MIMO echnology, and he es configuraion echniques for a MIMO receiver. MIMO is pronounced my-mo. Slide 2 1

3 Conens MIMO Technology 4 MIMO Tes 11 Synchronous on Common Reference Oscillaor 13 Synchronous Timing Alignmen of Baseband Signal Generaion 14 Phase Synchronous RF Signal Generaion 18 Slide 3 MIMO Definiions Spaial channel MIMO» Muliple Inpu Muliple Oupu Transmier Muliple ransmiing and receiving anennas sysem "Inpu" means he inpu o spaial channel (i.e. ransmiing anenna), "Oupu" means he oupu from spaial channel (i.e. receiving anenna). SIMO» Single Inpu Muliple Oupu diversiy beamforming MISO» Muliple Inpu Single Oupu Transmier diversiy Transmier beamforming MIMO-MU» Muliple Inpu Muliple Oupu - Muliple User Inpu Transmier Transmier Transmier Oupu Transmier Transmier Slide 4 2

4 MIMO Concep MIMO offers a higher ransmission rae for he same bandwidh using spaial muliplexing wih parallel daa sreams. Transmier sends differen daa sreams in parallel on same frequency from muliple anennas. deecs signals o separae spaial sreams. Two spaial sreams R bps Daa Serial o Parallel R bps Parallel o Serial 2 R bps Slide 5 MIMO Pracical Applicaion 3GPP Release 99 WCDMA Transmi diversiy (2 1 MISO) STTD: Space Time Transmi Diversiy TSTD: Time Swiched Transmi Diversiy Release 7 HSPA+ HSDPA-MIMO (28 Mbps) Release 8 LTE MIMO-OFDMA IEEE802.11n Wi-Fi WLAN Minimum wo spaial sreams Maximum four spaial sreams SDM-MIMO BF-MIMO or SVD-MIMO (opion) SDM: Spaial Division Muliplexing BF: Beamforming SVD: Singular Value Decomposiion STBC (opion) (2 1 MISO) STBC: Space Time Block Coding Similar o ransmi diversiy echnique IEEE802.16e Mobile WiMAX STC-MIMO (Marix A opion) (2 1 MISO) STC: Space Time Coding Similar o ransmi diversiy echnique SM-MIMO (Marix B opion) SM: Spaial Muliplexing Slide 6 3

5 SDM and SM Spaial Division Muliplexing» Beamforming in desirer or null-seering in inerferer, wih direcional radio emission paerns, using weighing-conrol of ampliude and phase for array anenna» Direciviy conrol echnique Eigenbeam-SDM, beamforming wih Channel Sae Informaion (CSI) known o ransmier Spaial Muliplexing» Inegraing coding and error correcion echnologies ino ransmi and receive diversiy echnologies» Anennas decorrelaion echnique Space-Time coding and Layered Space-Time coding SDM concep SM concep Slide 7 SM/SDM and Diversiy SM/SDM Modulaor Modulaor E F Ch1 C A Ch2 D B h12 h11 h21 h22 Signal Deecor E F Ch1 C A Ch2 D B Higher ransmission rae SM/SDM Transmi Diversiy Diversiy Modulaor Modulaor Ch1 A Ch2 B Space Time Encoder -s2* B s1* A s1 A s2 B h2 h1 Space Time Decoder Ch1 A Ch2 B Wider coverage and higher reliabiliy due o higher fading olerance s* represens complex conjugae of s. Slide 8 4

6 For WLAN, PSDU SDM-MIMO Channel Encoder Basic Transmier Model Puncurer N SS = N TX N TX Transmi anennas Spaial Sream Parser Inerleaver N SS Spaial Sreams Inerleaver Consellaion Mapper Consellaion Mapper IFFT N c Subcarriers IFFT GI Inserion GI Inserion Baseband Clock & LO RF Chain RF Chain For WLAN, PSDU SVD-MIMO or BF-MIMO Channel Encoder Spaial Sream Parser Puncurer N SS Spaial Sreams Puncurer Inerleaver Inerleaver Consellaion Mapper N c Subcarriers Consellaion Mapper Power seing per spaial sream Spaial Sream Power Raios N SS N TX Beam Seering Transformaion per subcarrier IFFT N TX Transmi anennas IFFT GI Inserion GI Inserion Baseband Clock & LO RF Chain RF Chain Slide 9 Basic Model RF Chain RF Chain LO & Time and Baseband Clock Synchronizaion GI Removal GI Removal FFT FFT MIMO Signal Deecion for Subcarriers Consellaion Demapper Consellaion Demapper Esimaion and compensaion Channel Esimaion Deinerleaver Deinerleaver Spaial Sream Demuliplexer Channel Decoder Sof decision Vierbi decoding For WLAN, PSDU Slide 10 5

7 MIMO Tes Single source» esing sars wih single channel ess using a single signal source. Receiving anenna chains are esed separaely.» Simulaion of signal condiions is comparaively simple. Signal source Spaial sream 1 B Spaial sream 2 Slide 11 MIMO Tes Muliple source» Consider needs for he following: Timing alignmen of baseband signals because of differen arrival ime Requiremen for common local oscillaor due o phase-coherence beween signal generaors Signal source Spaial sream 1 Spaial sream 2 Slide 12 6

8 Synchronous on Common Reference Oscillaor Common 10 MHz reference signal for muliple signal generaors allows synchronizaion of each generaing frequency. MG3700A I/Q Baseband Generaor I Q I/Q Modulaor IF RF Clock Carrier LO 10 MHz Reference Oscillaor Synhesizer Synhesizer Synhesizer φ Same frequency MG3700A I/Q Baseband Generaor I Q I/Q Modulaor IF RF Clock Carrier LO Oscillaors no phase-locked Reference Oscillaor Synhesizer Synhesizer Synhesizer Phase of one canno be aligned wih oher Slide 13 Synchronous Timing Alignmen of Baseband Signal Generaion When wo spaial sreams on baseband generaed simulaneously,» 2 1 MISO One MG3700A uni provides phase-coherence beween RF signals a zero delay ime seing. Spaial sream 1 MG3700A I/Q signals 1 I/Q signals Spaial sream 2 Spaial sream 1 Phase-coherence beween RF signals Spaial sream 2 I/Q signals 2 Slide 14 7

9 Synchronous Timing Alignmen of Baseband Signal Generaion When wo spaial sreams on baseband generaed wih ime difference,» 2 1 MISO One MG3700A uni canno provide correlaion wih RF delay a any delay ime seing. Spaial sream 1 MG3700A I/Q signals 1 I/Q signals Spaial sream 2 Spaial sream 1 Phase-coherence beween RF signals RF phase is supposed o delay. Spaial sream 2 Delay I/Q signals 2 Slide 15 Synchronous Timing Alignmen of Baseband Signal Generaion When wo spaial sreams on RF generaed simulaneously,» 2 2 MIMO Muliple MG3700As canno provide phase-coherence beween RF signals. 10 MHz MG3700A #1 I/Q signals 1 Spaial sream 1 Spaial sream 1 I/Q signals MG3700A #2 φ Spaial sream 2 Spaial sream 2 I/Q signals 2 Trigger Generaor Sar rigger Slide 16 8

10 Synchronous Timing Alignmen of Baseband Signal Generaion The wo separae baseband clock for each of MG3700A I/Q baseband generaor do no be phase-locked. MG3700A I/Q Baseband Generaor 20 k o 20 MHz Baseband Memory Inerpolaor 80 M o 160 MHz D/A Module 200 M o 400 MHz Fs fs Inerpolaor DAC I/Q Passing >20 M o 160 MHz >20 M o 160 MHz Trigger Generaor Sar rigger inpu capured by fs clock Sar rigger MG3700A #1 fs clock Asynchronous sampling clock MG3700A #1 I/Q MG3700A #2 fs clock MG3700A #2 I/Q Maximum iming error 1/fs sec (e.g. fs 100 MHz, 10 ns) Slide 17 Phase Synchronous RF Signal Generaion The phase beween he RF signals can be precisely adjused using he MG3700A Phase Adjus funcion. This phase adjusmen is los if he frequency is changed. 10 MHz MG3700A #1 I/Q signals 1 Spaial sream 1 Spaial sream 1 I/Q signals MG3700A #2 φ 0 Spaial sream 2 Spaial sream 2 I/Q signals 2 Trigger Generaor Sar rigger Slide 18 9

11 Technique for Calibraing RF Signal Phase 10 MHz MG3700A #1 Example of oscilloscope display ƒc Suiable oupu level for mixer spec. Modulaion Off LO RF IF 0.1 Hz (0.01 Hz) Volmeer or Oscilloscope MG3700A #2 10 sec (100 sec) ƒc Hz (or Hz) Suiable oupu level for measuring volage Modulaion Off Change MG3700A #2 frequency from ƒc Hz (or Hz) o ƒc here. Slide 19 Technique for Calibraing RF Signal Phase 10 MHz MG3700A #1 Example of oscilloscope display (degrees) ƒc Suiable oupu level for mixer spec. Modulaion Off LO RF IF DC Volmeer or Oscilloscope MG3700A #2 ƒc Suiable oupu level for measuring volage Modulaion Off 0 (0 rad) 90 (π/2 rad) 180 (π rad) -90 (3π/2 rad) Slide 20 10

12 Phase Sabiliy and Repeaabiliy Temperaure affecs phase drif of he MG3700A RF oupu.» If all MG3700A emperaure changes are he same, he phase difference change is lower. The difference in phase beween wo MG3700A RF oupus is measured o check performance.» Oupu frequency 3 GHz and 5.8 GHz 3 GHz for 3 GHz RF uni, and 5.8 GHz for 6 GHz RF uni (Opion)» Temperaure 25 ± 2 C 25 C 27 C 23 C 25 C Slide 21 Measured Phase difference a 3 GHz Phase Difference [deg] Elapsed Time [hours] Slide 22 11

13 Measured Phase difference a 5.8 GHz Phase Difference [deg] Elapsed Time [hour] Slide 23 12

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