Frequency Synthesizer for Radio Tuning ATR4256

Transcription

1 Features Reference Oscillator up to 15 MHz (Tuned) Oscillator Buffer Output (for AM Up/Down Conversion) Two Programmable 16-bit Dividers Fine-tuning Steps Possible Fast Response Time Due to Integrated Loop Push-pull Stage 3-wire Bus (Enable, Clock and Data; 3V and 5V Microcontrollers Acceptable) Four Programmable Switching Outputs (Open Drain) Three DACs for Software Controlled Tuner Alignment Low-power Consumption High Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) Integrated Band Gap Only One Supply Voltage Necessary 1. Description The is a synthesizer IC for FM receivers and an AM up-conversion system in BiCMOS technology. Together with the AM/FM IC ATR4258 or ATR4255, it comprises a complete AM/FM car radio front-end, which is also recommended for RDS (Radio Data System) applications. It is controlled by a 3-wire bus and also contains switches and Digital to Analog Converters (DACs) for software-controlled alignment of the AM/FM tuner. The is the pin-compatible successor IC of U4256BM-R. Frequency Synthesizer for Radio Tuning Figure 1-1. Block Diagram Tuning SWO1 SWO2 SWO SWO4 OSCIN OSCOUT Oscillator Switching outputs DAC3 3-bit 5 DAC3 MX2LO CLK DATA EN OSC buffer 3-wire bus interface DAC2 DAC1 V Ref 4 3 DAC2 DAC1 R- divider DAC AM/FM V Ref FMOSCIN 19 FMpreamp N- divider Phase detector Current sources 1 PDO Band gap 2 PD GNDAN V5 GND VS 6

2 2. Pin Configuration Figure 2-1. Pinning SSO20 PDO PD DAC1 DAC2 DAC3 VS SWO1 SWO2 SWO3 SWO GNDAN FMOSCIN EN CLK DATA MX2LO V5 OSCIN OSCOUT GND Table 2-1. Pin Description Pin Symbol Function 1 PDO Phase detector output 2 PD Pulsed current output 3 DAC1 Digital-to-analog converter 1 4 DAC2 Digital-to-analog converter 2 5 DAC3 Digital-to-analog converter 3 6 VS Supply voltage, analog part 7 SWO1 Switching output 1 8 SWO2 Switching output 2 9 SWO3 Switching output 3 10 SWO4 Switching output 4 11 GND Ground, digital part 12 OSCOUT Reference oscillator output 13 OSCIN Reference oscillator input 14 V5 Capacitor band gap 15 MX2LO Oscillator buffer output 16 DATA Data input 17 CLK Clock 18 EN Enable 19 FMOSCIN FM-oscillator input 20 GNDAN Ground, analog part 2

3 3. Functional Description For a tuned FM-broadcast receiver, the following parts are needed: Voltage-controlled Oscillator (VCO) Antenna Amplifier Tuned Circuit RF Amplifier Tuned Circuit Typical modern receivers with electronic tuning are tuned to the desired FM frequency by the frequency synthesizer IC. The special design allows the user to build software-controlled tuner alignment systems. Two programmable DACs (Digital-to-Analog Converter) support the computer-controlled alignment. The output of the PLL is a tuning voltage which is connected to the VCO of the receiver IC. The output of the VCO is equal to the desired station frequency plus the IF (10.7 MHz). The RF and the oscillator signal (VCO) are both input to the mixer that translates the desired FM-channel signal to the fixed IF signal. For FM, the double-conversion system of the receiver requires exactly 10.7 MHz for the first IF frequency, which determines the center frequency of the software-controlled integrated second IF filter. If this oscillator tuning feature is not used, the internal capacitors have to be switched off and the oscillator has to be operated with high-quality external capacitors to ensure that the operational frequency is exactly MHz. When dimensioning the oscillator circuit, it is important that the additional capacitors enable the oscillator to operate through its complete tracking range. The oscillating ability depends very strongly on the used crystal oscillator. Initializing the oscillator should be established without switching any additional capacitors to guarantee that the oscillator starts to operate properly. Due to the lower quality of the integrated capacitors compared to discrete capacitors, the amount of the switched integrated capacitors should always be minimized. (If necessary reduce tracking range or use a different crystal oscillator.) The has a very fast response time of maximum 800 µs (at 2 ma, f Step =50kHz, measured on the MPX signal). It has a high signal to noise ratio. Only one supply voltage is necessary, due to an integrated band gap. 3

4 4. Input/Output Interface Circuits 4.1 PDO (Pin 1) 4.2 PD (Pin 2) PDO is the buffer amplifier output of the PLL. The bipolar output stage is a rail-to-rail amplifier. PD is the current charge pump output of the PLL. The current can be controlled by setting the appropriate bits. The loop filter has to be designed corresponding to the chosen pump current and the internal reference frequency. A recommendation can be found in the application circuit. The charge-pump current can be chosen by setting Bit 71 and Bit 70 as follows: Table 4-1. Current Charge-pump Output IPD (µa) B71 B Figure 4-1. Internal Components at PDO Connection VS VS VS PDO PD 4

5 4.3 FMOSCIN (Pin 19) FMOSCIN is the preamplifier input for the FM oscillator signal. Figure 4-2. Internal Components at FMOSCIN V5 FMOSCIN 4.4 MX2LO (Pin 15) MX2LO is the buffered output of the crystal oscillator. This signal can be used as a reference frequency for ATR4255 or ATR4258. The oscillator buffer output can be switched by the OSCB bit (B69) as follows. Table 4-2. Figure 4-3. MX2LO Settings MX2LO AC Voltage B69 ON 0 OFF 1 Internal Components at MX2LO V5 V5 OSCIN MX2LO 5

6 4.5 Function of DAC1, DAC2 in FM and AM Mode (Pin 3 and Pin 4) For automatic tuner alignment, the DAC1 and DAC2 of the can be controlled by setting the gain of VPDO and offset values. Figure 4-4 shows the principle of the operation. In FM Mode the gain is in the range of 0.69 V (PDO) to 2.16 V (PDO). The offset range is +0.56V to 0.59V. For alignment, DAC1 and DAC2 are connected to the varicaps of the preselection filters. For alignment, offset and gain are set to have the best tuner tracking. Figure 4-4. Principal Operation for Alignment Bit 34 PDO (FM) Gain +/- DAC1,2 Vref (AM) (3V) Offset The DAC mode can be controlled by setting Bit 34 as follows Table 4-3. DAC Mode DAC Mode B34 FM 0 AM 1 If Bit 34 = 1 (AM Mode), then DAC1 and DAC2 can be used as standard DAC converters. The internal voltage of 3V is connected to the gain and offset input of DAC1 and DAC2 (only in AM Mode). The gain is in the range of V to V. The offset range is +1.46V to 1.49V. Figure 4-5. Internal Components at DAC1 and DAC2 Output VS DAC1,2 6

7 4.6 DAC1, DAC2 in FM Mode (Pin 3 and Pin 4) The gains of DAC1 and DAC2 have a range of 0.69 V (PDO) to 2.16 V (PDO). V (PDO) is the PLL tuning voltage output. This range is divided into 256 steps; one step is approximately ( ) V (PDO) / 255 = V (PDO). The gain of DAC1 can be controlled by B36 to B43 (bits 0 to 7 of DAC1 Gain), and the gain of DAC2 by B0 to B7 (bits 0 to 7 of DAC2 Gain) as follows: Table 4-4. DAC Gain Setting, FM Mode Gain DAC1, Approximately B43 B42 B41 B40 B39 B38 B37 B36 Gain DAC2, Approximately B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Offset = 31 (intermediate position) Decimal Gain Decimal Gain 0.69 V (PDO) V (PDO) V (PDO) V (PDO) V (PDO) V (PDO) V (PDO) V (PDO) The offset of DAC1 and DAC2 has a range of 0.56V to 0.59V. This range is divided into 64 steps; one step is approximately 1.15V / 63 = mv. The offset of DAC1 can be controlled by B44 to B49 (bits 0 to 5 of DAC1 Offset), and the offset of DAC2 by B8 to B13 (bits 0 to 5 of DAC2 Offset) as follows: Table 4-5. DAC Offset Setting, FM Mode Offset DAC1, Approximately B49 B48 B47 B46 B45 B44 Offset DAC2, Approximately B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 Gain = 53 (intermediate position) Decimal Gain Decimal Gain 0.56V V V V V V V V

8 4.7 DAC1, DAC2 in AM Mode (Pin 3 and Pin 4) In AM mode the DAC input voltage V (PDO) is internally connected to 3V. The gains of DAC1 and DAC2 have a range of V to V. V (PDO) is the PLL tuning voltage output. This range is divided into 256 steps; one step is approximately ( ) 3V / 255 = V. The gain of DAC1 can be controlled by B36 to B43 (bits 0 to 7 of DAC1 Gain) and the gain of DAC2 by B0 to B7 (bits 0 to 7 of DAC2 gain) as follows: Table 4-6. DAC Gain, AM Mode Gain DAC1, Approximately B43 B42 B41 B40 B39 B38 B37 B36 Gain DAC2, Approximately B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Offset = 31 (intermediate position) Remark: V (PDO) is 3V in AM mode. Decimal Gain Decimal Gain V V V V V V V V The offset of DAC1 and DAC2 has a range of +1.46V to 1.49V. This range is divided into 64 steps; one step is approximately 2.95 V/ 63 = 46.8 mv. The offset DAC1 can be controlled by B44 to B49 (bits 0 to 5 of DAC1 Offset) and the offset of DAC2 by B8 to B13 (bits 0 to 5 of DAC2 Offset) as follows: Table 4-7. DAC Offset, AM Mode Offset DAC1 Approximately B49 B48 B47 B46 B45 B44 Offset DAC2 Approximately B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 Gain = 53 (intermediate position) Decimal Gain Decimal Gain V V V V V V V V

9 4.8 DAC3 (Pin 5) The DAC3 output voltage can be controlled by B66 to B68 (bits 0 to 2 of DAC3) as follows: Table 4-8. DAC3 Offset Setting DAC3 Offset, Approximately B68 B67 B V V V V V V V V Figure 4-6. Internal Components at DAC3 VS DAC3 4.9 EN, DATA, CLK (Pins 16 to 18) All functions can be controlled via a 3-wire bus consisting of ENABLE, DATA and CLOCK. The bus is designed for microcontrollers which operate with 3V supply voltage. Details of the data transfer protocol are shown in 3-wire Bus Description on page 12. Figure 4-7. Internal Components at EN, DATA, CLK V5 EN DATA CLK 9

10 4.10 SWO1, SWO2, SWO3 and SWO4 (Pins 7 to 10) All switching outputs are open drain and can be set and reset by software control. Details are described in the data transfer protocol. The switching output SWO1 to SWO4 can be controlled as follows (B30 to B33): Table 4-9. SWO1 to SWO4 Setting Switch Output B30 + X SWOx = ON (switch to GND) 0 SWOx = OFF 1 X = 0 to 3 Figure 4-8. Internal Components at SWO1, SWO2, SWO3 and SWO4 SWO1 SWO2 SWO3 SWO4 I 4.11 OSCIN, OSCOUT (Pin 12 and Pin 13) A crystal resonator (up to 15 MHz) is connected between OSCIN and OSCOUT in order to generate the reference frequency. By using the in connection with ATR4255 or ATR4258, the crystal frequency must be MHz. The complete application circuit is shown in Figure 6-2. If a reference is available, it can be applied at OSCIN. The minimum voltage should be 100 mvrms. In this case, pin OSCOUT has to be open. The tuning capacity for the crystal oscillator has a range of 0.5 pf to 71.5 pf. The values are coded binary. The tuning can be controlled by B78 to B85 as follows: Table B85 = 1 [pf] Crystal Tuning Capacitance B85 = 0 [pf] B84 B83 B82 B81 B80 B79 B

11 Figure 4-9. Internal Components at OSCIN and OSCOUT V5 OSCIN V5 OSCOUT Figure Internal Connection of Tuning Capacity for Crystal Oscillator Cx1 Cx2 INV 8 pf 32 pf 0.5 pf pf 32 pf 8 pf B78 B84 B85 11

12 5. Application Information Figure 5-1. FMOSCIN Sensitivity 150 Vi (mv rms on 50Ω) Frequency (MHz) 6. 3-wire Bus Description The register settings of are programmed by a 3-wire bus protocol. The bus protocol consists of separate commands. A defined number of bits are transmitted sequentially during each command. One command is used to program all the bits of one register. The different registers available (see Data Transfer on page 14) are addressed by the length of the command (number of transmitted bits) and by two address bits, that are unique to each register of a given length. 16-bit registers are programmed by 16-bit commands and 24-bit registers are programmed by 24-bit commands. Each bus command starts with a rising edge on the enable line (EN) and ends with a falling edge on EN. EN has to be kept HIGH during the bus command. The sequence of transmitted bits during one command starts with the LSB of the first byte and ends with the MSB of the last byte of the register addressed. To transmit one bit (0 or 1) DATA has to be set to the appropriate value (LOW or HIGH) and a LOW to HIGH transition has to be performed on the clock line (CLK) while DATA is valid. The DATA is evaluated at the rising edges of CLK. The number of LOW to HIGH transitions on CLK during the HIGH period of EN is used to determine the length of the command. The bus protocol and the register addressing of are compatible to the addressing used in ATR4255 and ATR4258. That means and ATR4255 (or ATR4258) can be operated on the same 3-wire bus as shown in the application circuit. 12

13 Figure wire Bus Timing Diagram t R t F Enable V HIGH t S t HEN V LOW t R t F Data V HIGH t HDA V LOW t S t R t F Clock V HIGH t H V LOW tl Figure wire Pulse Diagram 16-bit command EN DATA LSB BYTE 1 MSB LSB BYTE 2 MSB CLK 24-bit command EN DATA LSB BYTE 1 MSB LSB BYTE 2 MSB LSB BYTE 3 CLK MSB e.g. R-Divider OSCB IPD P-2 P-2 P-2 R-Divider DAC3 Status 0 0 Addr. 0 13

14 6.1 Data Transfer Table 6-1. Control Registers A MSB BYTE 3 LSB MSB BYTE 2 LSB MSB BYTE 1 LSB ADDR. STATUS 0 DAC3 R-Divider 0 0 IPD OSCB 0=on, 1=off P-2 2 P-2 1 P B71 B70 B69 B68 B67 B66 B65 B64 B63 B62 B61 B60 B59 B58 B57 B56 B55 B54 B53 B52 B51 B50 B MSB BYTE 3 LSB MSB BYTE 2 LSB MSB BYTE 1 LSB ADDR. STATUS 1 N-Divider AM=1 FM=0 DAC SWO4 0=on, 1=off SWO3 0=on, 1=off SWO2 0=on, 1=off SWO1 0=on, 1=off B35 B34 B33 B32 B31 B30 B29 B28 B27 B26 B25 B24 B23 B22 B21 B20 B19 B18 B17 B16 B15 B14 C MSB BYTE 2 LSB MSB BYTE 1 LSB ADDR. DAC1 OFFSET DAC1 GAIN 0 0 O-2 5 O-2 4 O-2 3 O-2 2 O-2 1 O-2 0 G-2 7 G-2 6 G-2 7 G-2 5 G-2 4 G-2 3 G-2 2 G-2 0 B49 B48 B47 B46 B45 B44 B43 B42 B41 B40 B39 B38 B37 B36 D MSB BYTE 2 LSB MSB BYTE 1 LSB ADDR. DAC2 OFFSET DAC2 GAIN 0 1 O-2 5 O-2 4 O-2 3 O-2 2 O-2 1 O-2 0 G-2 7 G-2 6 G-2 7 G-2 5 G-2 4 G-2 3 G-2 2 G-2 0 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 E MSB BYTE 2 LSB MSB BYTE 1 LSB ADDR. Oscillator tuning function Not used 1 0 8pF32pF 16pF 8pF 4pF 2pF 1pF 0.5pF X X X X X X B85 B84 B83 B82 B81 B80 B79 B78 B77 B76 B75 B74 B73 B72 14

15 7. Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Parameters Symbol Value Unit Analog supply voltage, pin 6 V S 8 to 12 V Input voltage BUS; pins 16, 17 and 18 V I 0.3 to +5.3 V Output current switches; pins 7, 8, 9 and 10 (see Figure 4-8 on page 10) I O 1 to +5 ma Drain voltage switches; pins 7, 8, 9 and 10 V OD 15 V Ambient temperature range T amb 40 to +85 C Storage temperature range T stg 40 to +125 C Junction temperature T j 125 C Electrostatic handling M.M. V ESD 300 V 8. Thermal Resistance Parameters Symbol Value Unit Junction ambient, when soldering to PCB R thja 140 K/W 9. Operating Range All voltages are referred to GND (Pin 11) Parameters Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Supply voltage range, pin 6 V S V Ambient temperature T amb C Input frequency FMOSCIN, pin 19 f in MHz Programmable N, R divider SF Crystal reference oscillator, pins 12 and 13 fxtal MHz 15

16 10. Electrical Characteristics Test Conditions (unless otherwise specified): V S = 8.5V, T amb = 25 C. No. Parameters Test Conditions Pin Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 1 Supply Voltage 1.1 Analog supply voltage 6 V S V A 2 Supply Current 2.1 Analog supply current 6 I S ma A 3 OSCIN 3.1 Input voltage f = 0.1 to 15 MHz 13 OSC 100 mv rms B 4 OSC Buffer (MX2LO) 4.1 Output AC voltage At pin15: 47 pf and 1kΩ 15 V MX2LO mv pp B 4.2 Output DC voltage 15 V MX2LO V A 5 FMOSCIN f = 15 to 120 MHz 5.1 Input voltage f = 120 to 160 MHz 6 Pulsed Current Output PD Output current B71 to B70 = 00 Output current B71 to B70 = 01 Output current B71 to B70 = FMOSC FMOSC mv rms mv rms PD = 2.5V 2 ±IPD µa A PD = 2.5V 2 ±IPD µa A PD = 2.5V 2 ±IPD µa A 6.4 Output current B71 to B70 = 11 PD = 2.5V 2 ±IPD µa A 6.5 Leakage current PD = 2.5V 2 ±IPDL 20 na A 7 PDO 7.1 Saturation voltage HIGH Saturation voltage 7.2 LOW 8 SWO1, SWO2, SWO3, SWO4 (Open Drain) 8.1 Output leakage current HIGH Pin 7, 8, 9, 10 over R against 8.5V 3, V A 3, V A 7, 8, 9, 10 I SWOH 100 na A 8.2 Output voltage LOW I = 1 ma 7, 8, 9, 10 V SWOL mv A 9 DAC1, DAC2 9.1 Output current 3, 4 I DAC1, 2 1 ma C 9.2 Output voltage 3, 4 V DAC1, Maximum offset range (FM) Offset = 0, Gain = 53 3, V A Minimum offset range 9.4 Offset = 63, Gain = 53 3, V A (FM) *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter V S 0.6 V B B A 16

17 10. Electrical Characteristics (Continued) Test Conditions (unless otherwise specified): V S = 8.5V, T amb = 25 C. No. Parameters Test Conditions Pin Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 9.5 Maximum gain range (FM) Gain = 255, Offset = 31 3, A 9.6 Minimum gain range (FM) Gain = 0, Offset = 31 3, A 10 DAC Output current 5 I DAC3 1 ma C 10.2 Output voltage B68 to B66 = V DAC V A 10.3 Output voltage B68 to B66 = V DAC V A 10.4 Output voltage B68 to B66 = V DAC V A 10.5 Output voltage B68 to B66 = V DAC V A 10.6 Output voltage B68 to B66 = V DAC V A 10.7 Output voltage B68 to B66 = V DAC V A 10.8 Output voltage B68 to B66 = V DAC V A 10.9 Output voltage B68 to B66 = V DAC V A 11 3-wire Bus, ENABLE, DATA, CLOCK 11.1 Input voltage HIGH LOW 16 to 18 V BUSH V BUSL Clock frequency MHz A Period of CLK HIGH LOW Rise time EN, DATA, CLK Fall time EN, DATA, CLK 17 t H tl to to V V ns ns t r 400 ns D t f 100 ns D 11.6 Set-up time 16 to 18 t s 100 ns D 11.7 Hold time EN 18 t HEN 250 ns D 11.8 Hold time DATA 16 t HDA 0 ns D *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter A D 17

18 Figure Application Circuit EN CLK DATA GND C nf C 8 R 5 5.1k C 9 (1) (1) (1) depends on crystal 47 pf MHz C 1 10 pf R BUS LOGIC OSC f OSC FM VCO V tune DACs Switches C 16 C 5 R 4 C 6 8.2k 330 pf C nf C nf C 7 C nf 100 mf 10 nf 10 nf R DAC1 DAC2 DAC3 VS SWO1 SWO2 8V to 12V SWO3 SWO4 18

19 Figure Application Board Schematic Ant FM 75Ω T302 BC848 T111 J109 R L302 C µh C306 R311 6p8 12p C112 10µ 2k2 L303 2m2 R T102 BC858 R115 1k C n R313 C316 R308 T n R k 2k2 BC 858C R102 68k F102 R C315 C302 R112 47k 220n 10n C106 L102 C117 2µ2 10n L301 D301 4µ7 S391D D302 S391D C n R103 1k R29 10 C n C209 10n C n F201 C in F p C n C307 10n R34 27 KR201 R304 1k3 C202 C n 10µ µ C204 R k R305 1k5 C206 10n X301 C n C n KR202 KF302 C n C n R303 1k F302 R C312 10n ATR C203 C114 C131 C132 D102 C108 BB804 C109 1n 6p8 C107 18p C110 4n7 C314 10n R121 68k 22µ 220n C133 6p8 D131 47p 22p F131 BB804 R131 5k6 C156 10n C n C153 12p* Q151 C154 12p* MHz 10p T101 BFR93A C102 C56 27p BB804 D101 D103 C104 10n C103 F101 R122 68k R151 8k2 C134 1n C p C151 10n C158 10n DAC3 C159 C157 10n 10n SWO1 SWO2 SWO3 SWO4 3p9 S391D 10n C115 C n 100n R407 VS (8.5V to 10.5V) 10 MULTIP DEV R INT IF2OUT DATA CLK EN GND *depends on Q151 MPX ADJAC METER 19

20 11. Ordering Information Extended Type Number Package Remarks -TKSY SSO20 Tube -TKQY SSO20 Taped and reeled 12. Package Information Package SSO20 Dimensions in mm technical drawings according to DIN specifications Revision History Please note that the following page numbers referred to in this section refer to the specific revision mentioned, not to this document. Revision No. History 4867D-AUDR-01/08 Section 9 Operating Range on page 15 changed 4867C-AUDR-10/ B-AUDR-06/06 Put datasheet in the newest template El. Char. table: row 5.1 changed Put data sheet in a new template Pb-free logo on page 1 deleted 20

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