Antenna Performance in Fixed Wireless Broadband Systems. IEEE CVT Luncheon 20 June 2000
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1 Antenna Performance in Fixed Wireless Broadband Systems IEEE CVT Luncheon 20 June
2 Outline Market discussion/overview BWA Architectures Antenna Requirements Antenna Technologies Antenna Performance System Considerations Summary Copyright
3 Market Discussion Key trends and market drivers Why BWA will capture market share Market Positioning for BWA Services Market forecasts Copyright
4 Trends & Market Drivers Global Deregulation and Privatization Convergence of telecom and data services on packet networks Demand for bandwidth Internet and Metcalfe s law Global Frequency Coordination New business models Decreasing Equipment Costs Increasing Revenue Potential Technology Innovation Growth of Wireless Industry Copyright
5 BWA Success Factors Maturing technology that supports carrier class services and bandwidth on demand Decreasing cost of radio equipment Economic advantages of wireless! Capacity for broadband services! Speed of deployment! Incremental CapEx build to customers! Infrastructure cost Copyright
6 LMDS Market Positioning Key market segments for LMDS are SOHO, small and medium businesses Source: Strategis Group Copyright
7 BWA/LMDS Service Viewpoint Spectrum of services targeted primarily to small and medium sized businesses not served by fiber!voice, internet, video, and other multimedia-based services!new applications that exploit the interactivity and convenience enabled by broadband (e-commerce, e-business, etc) Copyright
8 BWA/LMDS Service Viewpoint Multiple service tiers with web-based provisioning Bandwidth-on-demand with data rates of up to 155 mbps Copyright
9 in Millions Broadband Wireless Source: Insight Research Access Lines CAGR: 75.6% Copyright
10 Broadband Subs by Technology 2003 Cable Modem 38% xdsl 12% Other 17% LMDS 14% Source: Telecompetition, 1999 ISDN 19% Copyright
11 Global LMDS Equipment and Service Revenue Forecast in Millions Equipment Revenues Service Revenue Source: Frost and Sullivan, 1999 Copyright
12 Wireless Broadband Architecture Source:Ensemble Communications Copyright
13 BWA Architectures Modulation/Capacity! QPSK/16QAM/64QAM! Adaptive Modulation Channelization! FDD, TDD Multiple Access Scheme! FDMA, TDM/TDMA, TDMA/TDMA Copyright
14 Equipment Comparisons Company Ensemble (ADC) Netro (Lucent) Alcatel/ Newbridge Nortel Spectrapoint (Mot/Cisco) Wavtrace (Harris) Product Fiberless Airstar Mainstreet Express Reunion SP2200 PTM1000 Multiple Access Control Downlink Uplink TDMA TDMA TDM TDMA TDM TDMA TDM TDMA/FDMA TDM FDMA TDMA TDMA Modulation QPSK 16QAM 64QAM QPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM QPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM Duplexing TDD FDD FDD FDD FDD TDD Transport Protocols IP ATM TDM ATM ATM ATM ATM IP IP ATM TDM Subscriber Interface 4xT1/E1 4x10/100BT V.35/X.21 4xISDN T1/E1 10BT V.35/X.21 T1/E1 10BT 4xT1/E1 10BT ATM25 4xT1/E1 10BT 8xPOTS ATM25 4xT1/E1 10BT SNMP Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Hub Antenna Type High Performance Low Cost High Performance Low Cost High Performance Low Cost Copyright
15 Antenna Key to QOS Determines ability to serve customers! Cell size! Cell coverage Antenna performance influences infrastructure cost! Number of cell sites/roof rights! Mitigation of interference! Capacity Copyright
16 Antenna Specifications Radiation Pattern Envelopes Frequency Band Gain Input VSWR Amplitude Flatness Pattern repeatability Physical/Mechanical Environmental/Regulatory Copyright
17 Sector Horns Hub Antenna Technologies! Typical gain degree! Broadband designs! Symmetric elevation pattern! Low cost Copyright
18 Array designs Hub Antenna Technologies! Gain limited to approx degrees! Can achieve excellent pattern performance! Bandwidth limit ~5%! Low aperture efficiency (<50%)! Compact, low visual impact! Can be sensitive to the environment Copyright
19 Hub Antenna Technologies High Gain Aperture Antennas! Separable azimuth and elevation apertures! Freq Range % BW! Typical gain degrees or higher! Asymmetric, shaped elevation pattern! Optimized for cell coverage! Supports RF integration to the antenna Copyright
20 Hub Antenna Technologies Second Generation Aperture Designs! Combines pattern performance of arrays with efficiency of single aperture designs! ETSI CS2 compliant! Sector size degrees! Typical gain degrees Copyright
21 Subscriber Antennas Typical gain: 37 dbi Parabolic with cassegrain feed Lens Horn Single pol or dual pol Source: Alcatel Source: Netro Copyright
22 Typical Sector Performance Sector size: degrees Gain: degrees VSWR: 1.5:1 max Amplitude Flatness: 1 db max across any 40 MHz segment Elect/mechanical boresight! 0.5 deg elevation! 1 deg azimuth Patterns stable over frequency band Patterns consistent in different cuts Copyright
23 ETSI Masks 90 degree Hub Antenna 0 ETSI Azimuth Masks GHz 90 Degree Hub Sector Antenna Class CS2 Class CS1-10 Relative Gain, db Azimuth Angle, degrees Copyright
24 ETSI Azimuth Mask CPE Antenna 0 ETSI Azimuth Masks GHz CPE Antenna Class TS1-10 Relative Gain, db Azimuth Angle, degrees Copyright
25 Typical Azimuth Pattern 90 degree Sector 0 Minimum Co-pol Envelope Max Co-pol Envelope HH or VV -10 Relative Gain, db -20 Sector 4 H-pol Sector 2 V-pol Sector 1 H-pol Sector 3 V-pol Sector 4 H-pol -30 Max Cross-pol Envelope HV or VH Azimuth Angle, degrees Copyright
26 Typical Elevation RPE Sector Horn 0 Elevation Patterns for BCAC Antennas -10 BCAC *-0AM -20 Relative Gain, db Elevation Angle in degrees (90 = horizontal) Copyright
27 Typical Elevation RPE Asymmetric Pattern RELATIVE GAIN (DBI) ELEVATION ANGLE (DEG) Copyright
28 System Considerations Gain vs. Coverage Cell geometry Pattern design System Planning Installation Copyright
29 Gain vs. Cell Area Cell Radius vs. Antenna Gain Cell Radius, miles dbi 21 dbi New Orleans Dallas Philadelphia Minneapolis Denver San Francisco Region Phoenix Average Cell Area Increase: 44% Source Data: Alcatel % Availability Copyright
30 Path Loss - Simplified Path Loss vs. Rain Attenuation Path Loss, db Distance (km) Free Space 2 db/km rain 5 db/km rain 10 db/km rain Copyright
31 Path Loss Factors Free space loss (atmospheric) Precipitation rates, drop size and shape 1 Foliage Diffraction Reflection/Scatter 1 ITU-R models, Crane s model Copyright
32 Other Loss Factors Water on antenna radome! Sparse research available! Films vs. droplets! Andrew testing: ~2.5 db/antenna Ice! Difficult to predict! Pattern effects can be significant! Anti-icing heaters can be used, but $$ Copyright
33 Cell Geometry Degrees Below Horizontal m 1.0 km 2.0 km 99.95% of the cell area is covered by 0 to 20 degree elevation range Assumptions: Hub Tower Height = 21 m Subscriber Antenna Height = 3 m Flat Earth Copyright
34 Elevation Pattern Design 15 dbi Horn Relative Power, db Antenna Pattern Response Free -10Space Loss db/km rain Distance from Hub (m) km cell Antenna deg Hub Ant CPE Ant height = 27m Copyright
35 HG Elevation Pattern Antenna Pattern vs. Required Level 0-5 Relative Power, db Range, m Free Space Loss HG Antenna Response 20 db/km rain 0.7 km Cell Antenna 21 dbi@ 90 deg Hub Ant CPE Ant height = 27m Copyright
36 HG Elevation Pattern Antenna Pattern vs. Required Level Relative Power, db Range, m Free Space Loss HG Antenna Response 20 db/km rain 1.5 km Cell Antenna 21 dbi@ 90 deg Hub Ant CPE Ant height = 27m Copyright
37 Typical Hub Antennas 15 dbi/90 degree Compact Sector 21 dbi/90 degree High Gain Sector Copyright
38 System Planning Planning is multi-dimensional! Path loss and line of sight! Fresnel zone clearance! C/(N+I) analysis! Optimal site locations! Rain fade Software tools essential for success! EDX! Winplan Copyright
39 Coverage Analysis Program: Telecordia Winplan Copyright
40 Copyright
41 Subscriber Analysis Copyright
42 Terrain Analysis Copyright
43 Antenna Installation Antenna alignment Antenna/RF integration Multiple antenna mounting Concealment Ease of CPE installation Copyright
44 Summary Antenna selection is key to your QOS and ability to reach customers Pattern performance is key for sector antennas Wide range of solutions needed! High performance, low cost! Range of sector sizes! Frequency band coverage Use system planning to validate performance Consider installation issues Copyright
45 Contact Information Mike Wolfe Business Unit Manager, Andrew Corporation Phone: Copyright
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