ISP Operations Troubleshooting OSPF for IPv4 and IPv6
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1 ISP Operations Troubleshooting OSPF for IPv4 and IPv6 P R E S E N T E D BY: KEVIN MYERS, NETWORK ARCHITECT
2 Profile: About Kevin Myers Background: 19+ years in Networking Designed/Built Networks on 6 continents MikroTik Certified Trainer MikroTik, Cisco and Microsoft Certified Community Involvement: Packet Pushers (Podcast Guest / Blogger) Group Contributor (RouterOS / WISP Talk and others) Delegate/Roundtable contributor (NFD14) MT Forum (Forum Veteran Member since 2012) Network Collective (Podcast Guest)
3 Profile: About IP ArchiTechs Expert Networking Whitebox ISP Data Center Enterprise Global Consulting Managed Networks Monitoring Load Testing Development Locations in: US Canada South America Call us at: Web:
4 Operations: OSPF Troubleshooting Goal of this presentation: When the presentation is finished, hopefully you will have walked away with a few key concepts: How to troubleshoot issues with OSPF in RouterOS using verification and logging Similarities (and Differences) in troubleshooting OSPFv3 for IPv6 vs IPv4. Review of common issues and bugs MikroTik to Cisco for OSPF
5 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting lab setup
6 Operations: OSPF Requirements OSPFv2 Requires the following to form an adjacency: Hello timers have to match Dead timers have to match Network-type has to match Interfaces must be in the same area MTU must match Let s look at what happens when these don t match
7 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting Section 1: OSPFv2 for IPv4 Basic troubleshooting scenarios
8 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting Scenario 1: Hello Timer Mismatch
9 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting OSPFv2 Hello Timer Mismatch R1 to R2
10 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting config comparison OSPFv2 Hello Timer Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 /routing ospf interface add dead-interval=1m20s hello-interval=20s interface=ether1 R2 No interface config in export.what does this tell us? The interface was dynamically created and using default settings
11 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting interface status comparison OSPFv2 Hello Timer Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 > routing ospf interface print detail where interface Flags: X - disabled, I - inactive, D - dynamic, P - passive 0 interface=ether1 cost=10 priority=1 authentication=none authentication-key="" authentication-key-id=1 networktype=default instance-id=0 retransmit-interval=5s transmit-delay=1s hello-interval=20s dead-interval=1m20s use-bfd=no R2 [admin@mikrotik-r2] > routing ospf interface print detail where interface=ether1 Flags: X - disabled, I - inactive, D - dynamic, P - passive 0 D interface=ether1 cost=10 priority=1 authentication=none authentication-key="" authentication-key-id=1 networktype=broadcast instance-id=0 retransmit-interval=5s transmit-delay=1s hello-interval=10s dead-interval=40s use-bfd=no
12 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting log comparison OSPFv2 Hello Timer Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 12:34:22 route,ospf,info Discarding Hello packet: mismatch in hello-interval 12:34:22 route,ospf,info mine=20 12:34:22 route,ospf,info remote=10 12:34:22 route,ospf,info source= R2 13:00:08 route,ospf,info Discarding Hello packet: mismatch in hello-interval 13:00:08 route,ospf,info mine=10 13:00:08 route,ospf,info remote=20 13:00:08 route,ospf,info source=
13 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting Scenario 2: Dead Timer Mismatch
14 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting OSPFv2 Hello Timer Mismatch R1 to R2
15 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting config comparison OSPFv2 Dead Timer Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 /routing ospf interface add dead-interval=1m20s interface=ether1 R2 No interface config in export.what does this tell us? The interface was dynamically created and using default settings
16 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting interface status comparison OSPFv2 Dead Timer Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 > routing ospf interface print detail where interface Flags: X - disabled, I - inactive, D - dynamic, P - passive 0 interface=ether1 cost=10 priority=1 authentication=none authentication-key="" authentication-key-id=1 networktype=default instance-id=0 retransmit-interval=5s transmit-delay=1s hello-interval=10s dead-interval=1m20s use-bfd=no R2 [admin@mikrotik-r2] > routing ospf interface print detail where interface=ether1 Flags: X - disabled, I - inactive, D - dynamic, P - passive 0 D interface=ether1 cost=10 priority=1 authentication=none authentication-key="" authentication-key-id=1 networktype=broadcast instance-id=0 retransmit-interval=5s transmit-delay=1s hello-interval=10s dead-interval=40s use-bfd=no
17 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting log comparison OSPFv2 Dead Timer Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 12:34:22 route,ospf,info Discarding Hello packet: mismatch in dead-interval 12:34:22 route,ospf,info mine=80 12:34:22 route,ospf,info remote=40 12:34:22 route,ospf,info source= R2 13:00:08 route,ospf,info Discarding Hello packet: mismatch in dead-interval 13:00:08 route,ospf,info mine=40 13:00:08 route,ospf,info remote=80 13:00:08 route,ospf,info source=
18 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting Scenario 3: Network Type Mismatch
19 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting OSPFv2 Network Type Mismatch R1 to R2
20 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting config comparison OSPFv2 Network Type Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 /routing ospf interface add interface=ether1 networktype=ptmp R2 /routing ospf interface add interface=ether1 networktype=nbma
21 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting interface status comparison OSPFv2 Network Type Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 > routing ospf interface print detail where interface=ether1 Flags: X - disabled, I - inactive, D - dynamic, P - passive 0 interface=ether1 cost=10 priority=1 authentication=none authentication-key="" authentication-key-id=1 network-type=ptmp instance-id=0 retransmit-interval=5s transmit-delay=1s hello-interval=10s dead-interval=40s use-bfd=no R2 [admin@mikrotik-r2] > routing ospf interface print detail where interface=ether1 Flags: X - disabled, I - inactive, D - dynamic, P - passive 0 interface=ether1 cost=10 priority=1 authentication=none authentication-key="" authentication-key-id=1 networktype=nbma instance-id=0 retransmit-interval=5s transmitdelay=1s hello-interval=10s dead-interval=40s use-bfd=no
22 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting log comparison OSPFv2 Network Type Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 No log entry for this issue R2 No log entry for this issue
23 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting Scenario 4: Area Mismatch
24 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting OSPFv2 Area Mismatch R1 to R2
25 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting config comparison OSPFv2 Area Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 /routing ospf network add area=area51 network= /29 add area=backbone network= /32 add area=backbone network= /29 R2 /routing ospf network add area=backbone network= /29 add area=backbone network= /32 add area=backbone network= /29
26 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting ospf network comparison OSPFv2 Area Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 > routing ospf network print Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid # NETWORK AREA /29 Area /32 backbone /29 backbone R2 [admin@mikrotik-r2] > routing ospf network print Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid # NETWORK AREA /29 backbone /32 backbone /29 backbone
27 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting log comparison OSPFv2 Area Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 21:02:55 route,ospf,info Discarding packet: mismatched area ID 21:02:55 route,ospf,info mine= :02:55 route,ospf,info received= :02:55 route,ospf,info source= R2 21:14:28 route,ospf,info Discarding packet: mismatched area ID 21:14:28 route,ospf,info mine= :14:28 route,ospf,info received= :14:28 route,ospf,info source=
28 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting Scenario 5: MTU Mismatch
29 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting OSPFv2 Area Mismatch R1 to R2
30 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting config comparison OSPFv2 MTU Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 /interface ethernet set [ find default-name=ether1 ] mtu=1450 R2 No MTU config in export.what does this tell us? Layer 3 MTU is set to the default of 1500
31 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting interface status comparison OSPFv2 MTU Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 > interface print detail where name=ether1 Flags: D - dynamic, X - disabled, R - running, S - slave 0 R name="ether1" default-name="ether1" type="ether" mtu=1450 actual-mtu=1450 mac-address=50:00:00:01:00:00 fast-path=no last-link-up-time=apr/11/ :57:38 link-downs=0 R2 [admin@mikrotik-r2] > interface print detail where name=ether1 Flags: D - dynamic, X - disabled, R - running, S - slave 0 R name="ether1" default-name="ether1" type="ether" mtu=1500 actual-mtu=1500 mac-address=50:00:00:02:00:00 fast-path=no last-link-up-time=apr/11/ :57:40 linkdowns=0
32 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting log comparison OSPFv2 MTU Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 21:59:57 route,ospf,info Discarding Database Description packet: too large MTU 21:59:57 route,ospf,info mine= :59:57 route,ospf,info received=1500 R2 21:55:41 route,ospf,info Discarding Database Description packet: different MTU 21:55:41 route,ospf,info mine= :55:41 route,ospf,info received=1450
33 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting Section 2: OSPFv2 for IPv4 Advanced troubleshooting scenarios
34 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting Scenario 6: Duplicate router-id on adjacent routers
35 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting OSPFv2 Duplicate router-id adjacent routers R1 to R2
36 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting config comparison OSPFv2 Duplicate router-id adjacent routers R1 to R2 R1 /routing ospf instance set [ find default=yes ] router-id= R2 /routing ospf instance set [ find default=yes ] router-id=
37 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting interface status comparison OSPFv2 Duplicate router-id adjacent routers R1 R1 to R2 > routing ospf instance print Flags: X - disabled, * - default 0 * name="default" router-id= distribute-default=never redistribute-connected=no redistribute-static=no redistribute-rip=no redistribute-bgp=no redistribute-other-ospf=no metric-default=1 metric-connected=20 metric-static=20 metric-rip=20 metric-bgp=auto metric-other-ospf=auto in-filter=ospf-in out-filter=ospf-out R2 [admin@mikrotik-r2] > routing ospf instance print Flags: X - disabled, * - default 0 * name="default" router-id= distribute-default=never redistribute-connected=no redistribute-static=no redistribute-rip=no redistribute-bgp=no redistribute-other-ospf=no metric-default=1 metric-connected=20 metric-static=20 metric-rip=20 metric-bgp=auto metric-other-ospf=auto in-filter=ospf-in out-filter=ospf-out
38 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting log comparison OSPFv2 Duplicate router-id adjacent routers R1 R1 to R2 10:28:12 route,ospf,info local and remote router-id are the same R2 10:27:26 route,ospf,info local and remote router-id are the same
39 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting Scenario 7: Duplicate router-id on non-adjacent routers
40 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting OSPFv2 Duplicate router-id non-adjacent routers R1 and R4
41 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting config comparison OSPFv2 Duplicate router-id non-adjacent routers R1 R1 and R4 /routing ospf instance set [ find default=yes ] router-id= R4 /routing ospf instance set [ find default=yes ] router-id=
42 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting interface status comparison OSPFv2 R1 Duplicate router-id nonadjacent routers R1 and R4 > routing ospf instance print Flags: X - disabled, * - default 0 * name="default" router-id= distribute-default=never redistribute-connected=no redistribute-static=no redistribute-rip=no redistribute-bgp=no redistribute-other-ospf=no metric-default=1 metric-connected=20 metric-static=20 metric-rip=20 metric-bgp=auto metric-other-ospf=auto in-filter=ospf-in out-filter=ospf-out R4 [admin@mikrotik-r4] > routing ospf instance print Flags: X - disabled, * - default 0 * name="default" router-id= distribute-default=never redistribute-connected=no redistribute-static=no redistribute-rip=no redistribute-bgp=no redistribute-other-ospf=no metric-default=1 metric-connected=20 metric-static=20 metric-rip=20 metric-bgp=auto metric-other-ospf=auto in-filter=ospf-in out-filter=ospf-out
43 OSPFv2 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting log comparison Duplicate router-id nonadjacent routers R1 to R2 R1 10:49:09 route,ospf,debug Received update of a self-originated LSA 10:49:09 route,ospf,debug type=network LSA 10:49:09 route,ospf,debug Installing an LSA 10:49:09 route,ospf,debug lsa=network LSA id= originator= seqnum=0x :49:09 route,ospf,debug old=network LSA id= originator= seqnum=0x Log edited for brevity 10:49:09 route,ospf,debug Deleting an LSA 10:49:09 route,ospf,debug lsa=network LSA id= originator= seqnum=0x Comments The default log settings will not display these messages. In order to see these, you ll have to add the following. system log add topics=ospf action=memory
44 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting log comparison OSPFv2 R4 Duplicate router-id nonadjacent routers R1 to R2 12:09:49 route,ospf,debug Received update of a self-originated LSA 12:09:49 route,ospf,debug type=network LSA edited for brevity 12:09:50 route,ospf,debug Deleting an LSA 12:09:50 route,ospf,debug lsa=network LSA id= originator= seqnum=0x Comments Notice the term self-originated LSA this means the router believes it has received an advertisement from itself. This is a good indication there is a router somewhere in the network with a duplicate router-id
45 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting Section 3: OSPFv3 for IPv6 Basic troubleshooting scenarios
46 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting Scenario 8: Hello Timer Mismatch (IPv6)
47 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting OSPFv3 Hello Timer Mismatch R1 to R2
48 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting config comparison OSPFv3 Hello Timer Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 /routing ospf-v3 interface add area=backbone hello-interval=20s interface=ether1 R2 No interface config in export.what does this tell us? The interface was dynamically created and using default settings
49 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting interface status comparison OSPFv3 Hello Timer Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 > routing ospf-v3 interface print detail where interface=ether1 Flags: X - disabled, I - inactive, D - dynamic, P - passive 0 area=backbone interface=ether1 cost=10 priority=1 network-type=default retransmit-interval=5s transmit-delay=1s hello-interval=20s dead-interval=40s instance-id=0 use-bfd=no R2 [admin@mikrotik-r2] > routing ospf-v3 interface print detail where interface=ether1 Flags: X - disabled, I - inactive, D - dynamic, P - passive 0 area=backbone interface=ether1 cost=10 priority=1 network-type=default retransmit-interval=5s transmit-delay=1s hello-interval=10s dead-interval=40s instance-id=0 use-bfd=no
50 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting log comparison OSPFv3 Hello Timer Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 12:33:07 route,ospf,info Discarding Hello packet: mismatch in hello-interval 12:33:07 route,ospf,info mine=20 12:33:07 route,ospf,info remote=10 12:33:07 route,ospf,info source=fe80::5200:ff:fe02:0 R2 12:34:23 route,ospf,info Discarding Hello packet: mismatch in hello-interval 12:34:23 route,ospf,info mine=10 12:34:23 route,ospf,info remote=20 12:34:23 route,ospf,info source=fe80::5200:ff:fe01:0
51 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting Scenario 9: Area Mismatch (IPv6)
52 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting OSPFv3 Area Mismatch R1 to R2
53 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting config comparison OSPFv3 Area Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 /routing ospf-v3 interface add area=backbone hello-interval=10s interface=ether1 R2 /routing ospf-v3 interface add area=area51-v6 interface=ether1 Note: IPv6 doesn t use network statements
54 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting ospf network comparison OSPFv3 Area Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 > routing ospf-v3 interface print detail where interface =ether1 Flags: X - disabled, I - inactive, D - dynamic, P - passive 0 area=backbone interface=ether1 cost=10 priority=1 network-type=default retransmit-interval=5s transmit-delay=1s hello-interval=10s dead-interval=40s instance-id=0 use-bfd=no R2 [admin@mikrotik-r2] > routing ospf-v3 interface print detail where interface=ether1 Flags: X - disabled, I - inactive, D - dynamic, P - passive 0 area=area51-v6 interface=ether1 cost=10 priority=1 network-type=default retransmit-interval=5s transmit-delay=1s hello-interval=10s dead-interval=40s instance-id=0 use-bfd=no
55 Operations: OSPF troubleshooting log comparison OSPFv3 Area Mismatch R1 to R2 R1 12:48:32 route,ospf,debug Discarding packet: invalid area ID 12:48:32 route,ospf,debug source=fe80::5200:ff:fe02:0 12:48:32 route,ospf,debug mine= :48:32 route,ospf,debug packet's= NOTE: adding ospf logging is required to see this message in IPv6 unlike IPv4 R2 12:53:12 route,ospf,debug Discarding packet: invalid area ID 12:53:12 route,ospf,debug source=fe80::5200:ff:fe01:0 12:53:12 route,ospf,debug mine= :53:12 route,ospf,debug packet's=
56 Operations: Cisco to MikroTik OSPF config and troubleshooting commands Cisco command show ip ospf neighbor show ip ospf interface show ip ospf 1 show ip ospf database show ip route ospf show ip ospf rib show ip ospf border-routers show ip ospf border-routers Cisco(config)#router ospf 1 Cisco(config-router)#router-id Cisco(config-router)#network area 0 Cisco(config-router)#network area 0 Cisco(config-router)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0 Cisco(config-if)# ip ospf network point-to-point Cisco(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval 4 Cisco(config-if)# ip ospf hello-interval 1 MikroTik Command routing ospf neighbor print routing ospf interface print routing ospf instance print detail routing ospf lsa print ip route print where ospf=yes routing ospf route print routing ospf area-border-router print routing ospf as-border-router print /routing ospf instance /routing ospf instance set 0 router-id= /routing ospf network add area=backbone network= /32 /routing ospf network add area=backbone network= /29 /routing ospf interface add dead-interval=4s hello-interval=1s interface=ether1 networktype=point-to-point
57 Operations: Troubleshooting tips Common causes of OSPF issues Firewall blocking OSPF Packet loss causing neighbors to drop High CPU causing routing to drop Bug causes OSPF to drop Known OSPF bugs in RouterOS OSPFv2 - MD5 Authentication is broken OSPFv3 Recursive routing OSPFv2-120 max LSAs due to fragmentation bug
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