Symbol Timing Recovery
|
|
- Cameron Washington
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 10.3. Synchronization Symbol Timing Recovery Once carrier synchronization is acheived, we need to find correct sampling instances for the sampling of symbols according to Chapter 5. This is what this section is about. There is a multitude of different methods around for this purpose, and we will only consider a few in some detail. According to the introduction in Mueller & Müller [12], early on in history, symbol synchronization for one-dimensional signalling was done using various analog methods. That would be up to the first half of the 1970s. Franks [3] describes several of those. Some were based on threshold crossings, i.e. when the output of the matched filter at hand passes a threshold somewhere between two sampling instances. If the signal passes several thresholds, then the mean of allthose time instances wouldbe used. This wouldthen markthe time instance mid-way between two sampling instances. Some methods used the derivative of the signal, which is correlated to the estimated data. Yet some were based on non-linear preprocessing of the signal, resulting in a signal containing a sinusoidal that is related to the actual symbol clock, which is then extracted using a narrow BP-filter. The first discrete time method for symbol synchronization was published in 1976 by Mueller & Müller [12]. It uses the intended symbol samples and the corresponding detected symbol values, i.e. it uses one sample per symbol interval. From those, it generates a discrete time signal that can be used to adjust the timing of future samples. This started a series of published discrete time synchronization methods using one or a few samples per symbol interval, some of which are simple modifications of the Mueller & Müller method, and some that are unique ideas of their own but seemingly inspired by Mueller & Müller. In the following, we will describe the original method of Mueller & Müller, together with some modifications of the method, which primarily make the method useful also for two and more dimensions. Additionally, we will describe another basic method that many have built upon, published in 1986 by Gardner [4], which uses two samples per symbol interval, but does not use detected symbol values. Mueller & Müller Original Idea Consider communicating using antipodal signalling, as in Section 10.2, with the two signals s 0 (t) = A, 0 t < T, and s 1 (t) = A, 0 t < T. Then we have an eye pattern as in Figure 10.3 on Page 188, and the ideal sampling instance for the k-th signal interval is at t = kt. Now, if our actual sampling instance for the k-th signal interval is something else than that then
2 202 Chapter 10. Practical Aspects the effective distance to the threshold 0 is reduced in half of the cases, resulting not only in increased symbol error probability, but also in Inter-Symbol Interference, which is covered in more detail in Chapter 7. Let x k be the sample at the k-th sampling instant, and let a k be the corresponding quantized value. In our antipodal example with threshold 0, we have a k = sgn(x k ). The method proposed by Mueller & Müller [12] suggests that we should use an appropriately scaled version of k = x k a k 1 x k 1 a k (10.1) to update the next sampling instance. Actually, they also gives a more general expression involving more sampling instances, but this is the only one that they state explicitly, and for which they give examples of implementation. This is therefore usually what is meant by Mueller & Müller timing recovery. Let us analyze this for the binary situation given above, assuming no added noise. First, see Figure 10.16for the case where the sampling takes place too early. The transitions between one sample and the next depends on three consecutive symbols. When we sample too early, these are the symbols in symbol intervals number k 2, k 1 and k. Each of these symbols can take any of two values, whichmeansthatwehave2 3 = 8possibletransitions. Forfourofthem, wehave k = 0. Those transitions are indicated in Figure 10.16a. For the other four transitions, we have k > 0. Those transitions are indicated in Figure 10.16b. This means that the expected value of k is positive if we sample too early. Second, see Figure for the case where the sampling takes place too late. Again, there are 2 3 = 8 possible transitions. When we sample too late, these are the symbols in symbol intervals number k 1, k and k +1. Again, there are four transitions, for which we have k = 0. Those transitions are indicated in Figure 10.17a. And for the other four transitions, we have k < 0. Those transitions are indicated in Figure 10.16b. This means that the expected value of k is negative if we sample too late. For the signals that we have considered here, all transitions from one ideal sampling instance in the eye pattern to the next are straight lines. This means that the expected value of k is proportional to the sampling instance error. Correcting the sampling interval with a value that is proportionalto k is then reasonable. Let us consider the reasonable situation where there is added WGN with zero mean to the received signal, which after the initial matched filter is no longer white, but still Gaussian with zero mean. The result is then that the timing correction term k is also subject to zero-mean noise. This means that
3 10.3. Synchronization 203 (a) k 1 k (b) k 1 k Figure 10.16: An eye pattern for a binary modulation scheme, with sampling instances k 1 and k, where the samples are taken too early. The eight possible transitions depend on symbol intervals k 2, k 1 and k. (a) The four transitions that result in k = 0. (b) The remaining four transitions, resulting in k > 0. (a) k 1 k (b) k 1 k Figure 10.17: An eye pattern for a binary modulation scheme, with sampling instances k 1 and k, where the samples are taken too late. The eight possible transitions depend on symbol intervals k 1, k and k +1. (a) The four transitions that result in k = 0. (b) The remaining four transitions, resulting in k < 0.
4 204 Chapter 10. Practical Aspects the expected value ofthe resulting errordue to this noiseis zero. The effect this noise has on the timing recovery is that the actual timing will fluctuate even when the timing recovery has converged. Strictly speaking, this added noise is no longer Gaussian due to the involved nonlinear mathematical operations. Mueller & Müller [12] performs a thorough analysis of this timing recovery, which is fairly intricate and outside the scope of this presentation. Mueller & Müller Modifications Mueller& Müller s original method is intended for one-dimensional modulation, i.e. various versions of ASK (see Section 6.3.3). As for PSK, it is only intended for BPSK. Cowley & Sabel [1] realized that by adjusting Equation 10.1 slightly, we get a version of Mueller & Müller s method that works for any M-PSK constellation. The new equation that is used to update the timing is then k = Re{x k a k 1 x k 1 a k}. (10.2) As we have seen in Figures and 10.17, there are symbol sequences that do not update the timing at all if there is no noise. The only thing that would happen in a real situation is that the channel/receiver noise would cause an update that is completely independent of the communicated signal. Jennings & Clarke [8], as well as Jin et. al. [9] suggest that it is unnecessary to actually update the timing if the detected symbols constitute such a sequence. The resulting variance of the timing error is then reduced compared to if we always update the timing. Hang & Renfors [7] adjusts Mueller & Müller s method for QAM, while Louveaux et. al. [11] adjusts the method for multi-dimensional signalling. Gardner s Method Gardner s method [4] is intended for BPSK and QPSK. The description here is for QPSK, with BPSK as a special case at the end. QPSK is a two-dimensional modulation method that easily lends itself to a baseband representation. Then we have an in-phase signal and a quadrature signal, which are outputs from matched filters. The method is based on sampling each of them twice per symbol interval, one of them is the intended sample for one symbol and the other is a sample half-way through the sampling interval. Let x I,k,1 and x Q,k,1 denote the samples half-way through the k-th symbol interval, and let x I,k,2 and x Q,k,2 denote the samples at the end of the k-th symbol interval. Gardner s method uses the equation k = x I,k,1 (x I,k,2 x I,k 1,2 )+x Q,k,1 (x Q,k,2 x Q,k 1,2 ). (10.3)
5 10.3. Synchronization 205 It should be noted that k above is independent of the phase-shift of the I/Qdemodulator. This means that this method can be used to synchronize the symbol timing even before the phase synchronization has converged. For BPSK, assuming modulation in the I-component, there is no information in the Q-component once the phase synchronization has converged. Thus, once the phase synchronization has converged, Equation 10.3 can be replaced by the simpler k = x I,k,1 (x I,k,2 x I,k 1,2 ), (10.4) since the Q-component only contains noise in that case.
6 206 Chapter 10. Practical Aspects
7 Bibliography [1] William G. Cowley and Lesley P. Sabel. The Performance of Two Symbol Timing Recovery Algorithms for PSK Demodulation. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 42(6): , June [2] Wilbur B. Davenport. Probability and Random Processes. McGraw-Hill, 1970 (reissued 1987). [3] L. E. Franks. Carrier and Bit Synchronization in Data Communication A Tutorial Review. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 28(8): , Aug [4] Floyd M. Gardner. A BPSK/QPSK Timing-Error Detector for Sampled Receivers. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 34(5):423 29, May [5] Marcel J. E. Golay. Notes on Digital Coding. In Proc. IRE, volume 37, page 657, June [6] Richard W. Hamming. Error Detecting and Error Correcting Codes. Bell System Technical Journal, 29: , April [7] Zhang Hang and Merkku Renfors. A BPSK/QPSK Timing-Error Detector for Sampled Receivers. In 38th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pages IEEE, Aug [8] A. Jennings and B. R. Clarke. Data-Sequence Selective Timing Recovery for PAM Systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 33(7):729 31, July [9] Ming Jin, K.C. Indukumar, B. Farhang-Boroujeny, and G. Mathew. A Novel Timing Recovery Scheme for FDTS/DF Detector. In IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM 01, pages , Nov
8 208 Bibliography [10] Rolf Johannesson and Kamil Sh. Zigangirov. Fundamentals of Convolutional Coding. IEEE Press, New York, [11] J. Louveaux, L. Cuvelier, L. Vandendorpe, and T. Pollet. Baud Rate Timing Recovery Scheme for Filter Bank-Based Multicarrier Transmission. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 51(4):652 63, April [12] Kurt H. Mueller and Markus Müller. Timing Recovery in Digital Synchronous Data Receivers. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 24(5):516 31, May [13] Mikael Olofsson. Signal Theory. Studentlitteratur, Lund, Sweden, [14] Claude E. Shannon. A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27: and , July and October [15] Andrew J. Viterbi. Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 13(2): , April [16] Wikipedia. Decibel. Visited
16QAM Symbol Timing Recovery in the Upstream Transmission of DOCSIS Standard
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING, VOL. 49, NO. 2, JUNE 2003 211 16QAM Symbol Timing Recovery in the Upstream Transmission of DOCSIS Standard Jianxin Wang and Joachim Speidel Abstract This paper investigates
More informationON SYMBOL TIMING RECOVERY IN ALL-DIGITAL RECEIVERS
ON SYMBOL TIMING RECOVERY IN ALL-DIGITAL RECEIVERS 1 Ali A. Ghrayeb New Mexico State University, Box 30001, Dept 3-O, Las Cruces, NM, 88003 (e-mail: aghrayeb@nmsu.edu) ABSTRACT Sandia National Laboratories
More informationKINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK. Subject Name: Digital Communication Techniques
KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK Subject Code: EC1351 Year/Sem: III/IV Subject Name: Digital Communication Techniques UNIT I PULSE MODULATION
More informationOptiSystem applications: Digital modulation analysis (PSK)
OptiSystem applications: Digital modulation analysis (PSK) 7 Capella Court Nepean, ON, Canada K2E 7X1 +1 (613) 224-4700 www.optiwave.com 2009 Optiwave Systems, Inc. Introduction PSK modulation Digital
More informationC06a: Digital Modulation
CISC 7332X T6 C06a: Digital Modulation Hui Chen Department of Computer & Information Science CUNY Brooklyn College 10/2/2018 CUNY Brooklyn College 1 Outline Digital modulation Baseband transmission Line
More informationDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering 1
UNIT I SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION Pulse Modulation 1. Explain in detail the generation of PWM and PPM signals (16) (M/J 2011) 2. Explain in detail the concept of PWM and PAM (16) (N/D 2012) 3. What is the
More informationKINGS DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES YEAR/SEM: III / VI BRANCH : ECE PULSE MODULATION
KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SUB.NAME : EC1351 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES BRANCH : ECE YEAR/SEM: III / VI UNIT I PULSE MODULATION PART A (2
More informationCOMPUTER COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS ENCODING TECHNIQUES
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS ENCODING TECHNIQUES Encoding Coding is the process of embedding clocks into a given data stream and producing a signal that can be transmitted over a selected medium.
More informationMobile Communication An overview Lesson 03 Introduction to Modulation Methods
Mobile Communication An overview Lesson 03 Introduction to Modulation Methods Oxford University Press 2007. All rights reserved. 1 Modulation The process of varying one signal, called carrier, according
More informationChapter 6 Passband Data Transmission
Chapter 6 Passband Data Transmission Passband Data Transmission concerns the Transmission of the Digital Data over the real Passband channel. 6.1 Introduction Categories of digital communications (ASK/PSK/FSK)
More informationThus there are three basic modulation techniques: 1) AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING 2) FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING 3) PHASE SHIFT KEYING
CHAPTER 5 Syllabus 1) Digital modulation formats 2) Coherent binary modulation techniques 3) Coherent Quadrature modulation techniques 4) Non coherent binary modulation techniques. Digital modulation formats:
More informationConvolutional Coding Using Booth Algorithm For Application in Wireless Communication
Available online at www.interscience.in Convolutional Coding Using Booth Algorithm For Application in Wireless Communication Sishir Kalita, Parismita Gogoi & Kandarpa Kumar Sarma Department of Electronics
More informationCOHERENT DEMODULATION OF CONTINUOUS PHASE BINARY FSK SIGNALS
COHERENT DEMODULATION OF CONTINUOUS PHASE BINARY FSK SIGNALS M. G. PELCHAT, R. C. DAVIS, and M. B. LUNTZ Radiation Incorporated Melbourne, Florida 32901 Summary This paper gives achievable bounds for the
More informationSignal Processing Techniques for Software Radio
Signal Processing Techniques for Software Radio Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah c 2007, Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny, ECE Department, University
More informationChaos based Communication System Using Reed Solomon (RS) Coding for AWGN & Rayleigh Fading Channels
2015 IJSRSET Volume 1 Issue 1 Print ISSN : 2395-1990 Online ISSN : 2394-4099 Themed Section: Engineering and Technology Chaos based Communication System Using Reed Solomon (RS) Coding for AWGN & Rayleigh
More informationQUESTION BANK EC 1351 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION YEAR / SEM : III / VI UNIT I- PULSE MODULATION PART-A (2 Marks) 1. What is the purpose of sample and hold
QUESTION BANK EC 1351 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION YEAR / SEM : III / VI UNIT I- PULSE MODULATION PART-A (2 Marks) 1. What is the purpose of sample and hold circuit 2. What is the difference between natural sampling
More informationSignal Encoding Techniques
2 Techniques ITS323: to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Prepared by Steven Gordon on 3 August 2015
More informationMODULATION METHODS EMPLOYED IN DIGITAL COMMUNICATION: An Analysis
International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: 12 No: 03 85 MODULATION METHODS EMPLOYED IN DIGITAL COMMUNICATION: An Analysis Adeleke, Oluseye A. and Abolade, Robert O. Abstract
More informationSEN366 Computer Networks
SEN366 Computer Networks Prof. Dr. Hasan Hüseyin BALIK (5 th Week) 5. Signal Encoding Techniques 5.Outline An overview of the basic methods of encoding digital data into a digital signal An overview of
More informationProbability of Error Calculation of OFDM Systems With Frequency Offset
1884 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 49, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2001 Probability of Error Calculation of OFDM Systems With Frequency Offset K. Sathananthan and C. Tellambura Abstract Orthogonal frequency-division
More informationDigital to Digital Encoding
MODULATION AND ENCODING Data must be transformed into signals to send them from one place to another Conversion Schemes Digital-to-Digital Analog-to-Digital Digital-to-Analog Analog-to-Analog Digital to
More informationDetection and Estimation of Signals in Noise. Dr. Robert Schober Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia
Detection and Estimation of Signals in Noise Dr. Robert Schober Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver, August 24, 2010 2 Contents 1 Basic Elements
More informationDIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS. MSc in Electronic Technologies and Communications
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS MSc in Electronic Technologies and Communications Bandpass binary signalling The common techniques of bandpass binary signalling are: - On-off keying (OOK), also known as
More informationAmplitude Frequency Phase
Chapter 4 (part 2) Digital Modulation Techniques Chapter 4 (part 2) Overview Digital Modulation techniques (part 2) Bandpass data transmission Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Frequency
More informationUNIT I Source Coding Systems
SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS: PUTTUR Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road 517583 QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE) Subject with Code: DC (16EC421) Year & Sem: III-B. Tech & II-Sem Course & Branch: B. Tech
More informationQUESTION BANK SUBJECT: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (15EC61)
QUESTION BANK SUBJECT: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (15EC61) Module 1 1. Explain Digital communication system with a neat block diagram. 2. What are the differences between digital and analog communication systems?
More informationCombined Transmitter Diversity and Multi-Level Modulation Techniques
SETIT 2005 3rd International Conference: Sciences of Electronic, Technologies of Information and Telecommunications March 27 3, 2005 TUNISIA Combined Transmitter Diversity and Multi-Level Modulation Techniques
More informationCommunication Systems
Electrical Engineering Communication Systems Comprehensive Theory with Solved Examples and Practice Questions Publications Publications MADE EASY Publications Corporate Office: 44-A/4, Kalu Sarai (Near
More informationPerformance Analysis of Maximum Likelihood Detection in a MIMO Antenna System
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 50, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2002 187 Performance Analysis of Maximum Likelihood Detection in a MIMO Antenna System Xu Zhu Ross D. Murch, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract In
More informationPerformance Evaluation of ½ Rate Convolution Coding with Different Modulation Techniques for DS-CDMA System over Rician Channel
Performance Evaluation of ½ Rate Convolution Coding with Different Modulation Techniques for DS-CDMA System over Rician Channel Dilip Mandloi PG Scholar Department of ECE, IES, IPS Academy, Indore [India]
More informationContents Preview and Introduction Waveform Encoding
Contents 1 Preview and Introduction... 1 1.1 Process of Communication..... 1 1.2 General Definition of Signal..... 3 1.3 Time-Value Definition of Signals Analog and Digital..... 6 1.3.1 Continuous Time
More informationCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 4TH EDITION Simon Hayhin McMaster University JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. Ш.! [ BACKGROUND AND PREVIEW 1. The Communication Process 1 2. Primary Communication Resources 3 3. Sources of
More informationCommunication Systems
Electronics Engineering Communication Systems Comprehensive Theory with Solved Examples and Practice Questions Publications Publications MADE EASY Publications Corporate Office: 44-A/4, Kalu Sarai (Near
More informationPhase Jitter in MPSK Carrier Tracking Loops: Analytical, Simulation and Laboratory Results
Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Articles Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 11-1997 Phase Jitter in MPSK Carrier Tracking Loops: Analytical, Simulation and Laboratory Results
More informationPhysical Layer: Modulation, FEC. Wireless Networks: Guevara Noubir. S2001, COM3525 Wireless Networks Lecture 3, 1
Wireless Networks: Physical Layer: Modulation, FEC Guevara Noubir Noubir@ccsneuedu S, COM355 Wireless Networks Lecture 3, Lecture focus Modulation techniques Bit Error Rate Reducing the BER Forward Error
More informationTime division multiplexing The block diagram for TDM is illustrated as shown in the figure
CHAPTER 2 Syllabus: 1) Pulse amplitude modulation 2) TDM 3) Wave form coding techniques 4) PCM 5) Quantization noise and SNR 6) Robust quantization Pulse amplitude modulation In pulse amplitude modulation,
More informationSwedish College of Engineering and Technology Rahim Yar Khan
PRACTICAL WORK BOOK Telecommunication Systems and Applications (TL-424) Name: Roll No.: Batch: Semester: Department: Swedish College of Engineering and Technology Rahim Yar Khan Introduction Telecommunication
More informationDownloaded from 1
VII SEMESTER FINAL EXAMINATION-2004 Attempt ALL questions. Q. [1] How does Digital communication System differ from Analog systems? Draw functional block diagram of DCS and explain the significance of
More informationTSTE17 System Design, CDIO. General project hints. Behavioral Model. General project hints, cont. Lecture 5. Required documents Modulation, cont.
TSTE17 System Design, CDIO Lecture 5 1 General project hints 2 Project hints and deadline suggestions Required documents Modulation, cont. Requirement specification Channel coding Design specification
More informationChapter 2 Overview - 1 -
Chapter 2 Overview Part 1 (last week) Digital Transmission System Frequencies, Spectrum Allocation Radio Propagation and Radio Channels Part 2 (today) Modulation, Coding, Error Correction Part 3 (next
More informationB SCITEQ. Transceiver and System Design for Digital Communications. Scott R. Bullock, P.E. Third Edition. SciTech Publishing, Inc.
Transceiver and System Design for Digital Communications Scott R. Bullock, P.E. Third Edition B SCITEQ PUBLISHtN^INC. SciTech Publishing, Inc. Raleigh, NC Contents Preface xvii About the Author xxiii Transceiver
More informationChapter 2 Overview - 1 -
Chapter 2 Overview Part 1 (last week) Digital Transmission System Frequencies, Spectrum Allocation Radio Propagation and Radio Channels Part 2 (today) Modulation, Coding, Error Correction Part 3 (next
More informationInterleaved PC-OFDM to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio
1 Interleaved PC-OFDM to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio A D S Jayalath and C Tellambura School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800 e-mail:jayalath@cssemonasheduau
More informationEXPERIMENT WISE VIVA QUESTIONS
EXPERIMENT WISE VIVA QUESTIONS Pulse Code Modulation: 1. Draw the block diagram of basic digital communication system. How it is different from analog communication system. 2. What are the advantages of
More informationMobile & Wireless Networking. Lecture 2: Wireless Transmission (2/2)
192620010 Mobile & Wireless Networking Lecture 2: Wireless Transmission (2/2) [Schiller, Section 2.6 & 2.7] [Reader Part 1: OFDM: An architecture for the fourth generation] Geert Heijenk Outline of Lecture
More informationBER Performance Comparison between QPSK and 4-QA Modulation Schemes
MIT International Journal of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, August 2013, pp. 62 66 62 BER Performance Comparison between QPSK and 4-QA Modulation Schemes Manish Trikha ME Scholar
More informationIJMIE Volume 2, Issue 4 ISSN:
Reducing PAPR using PTS Technique having standard array in OFDM Deepak Verma* Vijay Kumar Anand* Ashok Kumar* Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is an attractive technique for modern
More informationEC6501 Digital Communication
EC6501 Digital Communication UNIT -1 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Digital Communication system 1) Write the advantages and disadvantages of digital communication. [A/M 11] The advantages of digital communication
More informationUNIT 2 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION DIGITAL COMMUNICATION-Introduction The techniques used to modulate digital information so that it can be transmitted via microwave, satellite or down a cable pair is different
More informationA JOINT MODULATION IDENTIFICATION AND FREQUENCY OFFSET CORRECTION ALGORITHM FOR QAM SYSTEMS
A JOINT MODULATION IDENTIFICATION AND FREQUENCY OFFSET CORRECTION ALGORITHM FOR QAM SYSTEMS Evren Terzi, Hasan B. Celebi, and Huseyin Arslan Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida
More informationLecture Outline. Data and Signals. Analogue Data on Analogue Signals. OSI Protocol Model
Lecture Outline Data and Signals COMP312 Richard Nelson richardn@cs.waikato.ac.nz http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz Analogue Data on Analogue Signals Digital Data on Analogue Signals Analogue Data on Digital
More informationSimulink Modeling of Convolutional Encoders
Simulink Modeling of Convolutional Encoders * Ahiara Wilson C and ** Iroegbu Chbuisi, *Department of Computer Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria **Department
More informationPerformance analysis of OFDM with QPSK using AWGN and Rayleigh Fading Channel
Performance analysis of OFDM with QPSK using AWGN and Rayleigh Fading Channel 1 V.R.Prakash* (A.P) Department of ECE Hindustan university Chennai 2 P.Kumaraguru**(A.P) Department of ECE Hindustan university
More informationOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based Uplink Multiple Access Method over AWGN and Fading Channels
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based Uplink Multiple Access Method over AWGN and Fading Channels Prashanth G S 1 1Department of ECE, JNNCE, Shivamogga ---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationSIGNAL CLASSIFICATION BY DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM. Pauli Lallo ABSTRACT
SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION BY DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM Pauli Lallo Email:pauli.lallo@mail.wwnet.fi ABSTRACT This paper presents a signal classification method using Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). In digital
More informationSimplified Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm based PAPR Reduction for OFDM System with Neural Network
Simplified Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm based PAPR Reduction for OFDM System with Neural Network Rahul V R M Tech Communication Department of Electronics and Communication BCCaarmel Engineering College,
More informationCognitive Radio Transmission Based on Chip-level Space Time Block Coded MC-DS-CDMA over Fast-Fading Channel
Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Vol. 73, July 2014, pp. 443-447 Cognitive Radio Transmission Based on Chip-level Space Time Block Coded MC-DS-CDMA over Fast-Fading Channel S. Mohandass * and
More informationECEn 665: Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications 131. s(t) = A c [1 + αm(t)] cos (ω c t) (9.27)
ECEn 665: Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications 131 9. Modulation Modulation is a way to vary the amplitude and phase of a sinusoidal carrier waveform in order to transmit information. When
More informationMaximum Likelihood Sequence Detection (MLSD) and the utilization of the Viterbi Algorithm
Maximum Likelihood Sequence Detection (MLSD) and the utilization of the Viterbi Algorithm Presented to Dr. Tareq Al-Naffouri By Mohamed Samir Mazloum Omar Diaa Shawky Abstract Signaling schemes with memory
More informationDIGITAL COMMINICATIONS
Code No: R346 R Set No: III B.Tech. I Semester Regular and Supplementary Examinations, December - 23 DIGITAL COMMINICATIONS (Electronics and Communication Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 75 Answer
More informationSIGNALS AND SYSTEMS LABORATORY 13: Digital Communication
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS LABORATORY 13: Digital Communication INTRODUCTION Digital Communication refers to the transmission of binary, or digital, information over analog channels. In this laboratory you will
More informationa) Abasebanddigitalcommunicationsystemhasthetransmitterfilterg(t) thatisshowninthe figure, and a matched filter at the receiver.
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS PART A (Time: 60 minutes. Points 4/0) Last Name(s):........................................................ First (Middle) Name:.................................................
More informationChapter 4. Part 2(a) Digital Modulation Techniques
Chapter 4 Part 2(a) Digital Modulation Techniques Overview Digital Modulation techniques Bandpass data transmission Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Quadrature
More informationPower Efficiency of LDPC Codes under Hard and Soft Decision QAM Modulated OFDM
Advance in Electronic and Electric Engineering. ISSN 2231-1297, Volume 4, Number 5 (2014), pp. 463-468 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/aeee.htm Power Efficiency of LDPC Codes under
More informationBasic Concepts in Data Transmission
Basic Concepts in Data Transmission EE450: Introduction to Computer Networks Professor A. Zahid A.Zahid-EE450 1 Data and Signals Data is an entity that convey information Analog Continuous values within
More informationDigital modulation techniques
Outline Introduction Signal, random variable, random process and spectra Analog modulation Analog to digital conversion Digital transmission through baseband channels Signal space representation Optimal
More informationDESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ALGORITHM FOR MODULATION IDENTIFICATION OF ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNALS
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ALGORITHM FOR MODULATION IDENTIFICATION OF ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNALS John Yong Jia Chen (Department of Electrical Engineering, San José State University, San José, California,
More informationQUESTION BANK. Staff In-Charge: M.MAHARAJA, AP / ECE
FATIMA MICHAEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Senkottai Village, Madurai Sivagangai Main Road, Madurai -625 020 An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution QUESTION BANK Sub. Code : EC 2301 Class : III
More informationSymbol Error Probability Analysis of a Multiuser Detector for M-PSK Signals Based on Successive Cancellation
330 IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 20, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2002 Symbol Error Probability Analysis of a Multiuser Detector for M-PSK Signals Based on Successive Cancellation Gerard J.
More informationSymbol Synchronization Techniques in Digital Communications
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses Thesis/Dissertation Collections 5-12-2017 Symbol Synchronization Techniques in Digital Communications Mohammed Al-Hamiri mga5528@rit.edu Follow
More informationISHIK UNIVERSITY Faculty of Science Department of Information Technology Fall Course Name: Wireless Networks
ISHIK UNIVERSITY Faculty of Science Department of Information Technology 2017-2018 Fall Course Name: Wireless Networks Agenda Lecture 4 Multiple Access Techniques: FDMA, TDMA, SDMA and CDMA 1. Frequency
More informationDigital Modulation Schemes
Digital Modulation Schemes 1. In binary data transmission DPSK is preferred to PSK because (a) a coherent carrier is not required to be generated at the receiver (b) for a given energy per bit, the probability
More informationMULTICARRIER communication systems are promising
1658 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 52, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2004 Transmit Power Allocation for BER Performance Improvement in Multicarrier Systems Chang Soon Park, Student Member, IEEE, and Kwang
More informationEE 460L University of Nevada, Las Vegas ECE Department
EE 460L PREPARATION 1- ASK Amplitude shift keying - ASK - in the context of digital communications is a modulation process which imparts to a sinusoid two or more discrete amplitude levels. These are related
More informationSCHEME OF COURSE WORK. Course Code : 13EC1114 L T P C : ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SCHEME OF COURSE WORK Course Details: Course Title : DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS Course Code : 13EC1114 L T P C 4 0 0 3 Program Specialization Semester Prerequisites Courses to which it is a prerequisite :
More informationd[m] = [m]+ 1 2 [m 2]
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS PART A (Time: 60 minutes. Points 4/0) Last Name(s):........................................................ First (Middle) Name:.................................................
More informationStudy of Turbo Coded OFDM over Fading Channel
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 3, Issue 2 (August 2012), PP. 54-58 Study of Turbo Coded OFDM over Fading Channel
More informationSyllabus. osmania university UNIT - I UNIT - II UNIT - III CHAPTER - 1 : INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL COMMUNICATION CHAPTER - 3 : INFORMATION THEORY
i Syllabus osmania university UNIT - I CHAPTER - 1 : INTRODUCTION TO Elements of Digital Communication System, Comparison of Digital and Analog Communication Systems. CHAPTER - 2 : DIGITAL TRANSMISSION
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad
INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 03 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK Name : DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS Code : A6020 Class : III -
More informationChapter 3 Convolutional Codes and Trellis Coded Modulation
Chapter 3 Convolutional Codes and Trellis Coded Modulation 3. Encoder Structure and Trellis Representation 3. Systematic Convolutional Codes 3.3 Viterbi Decoding Algorithm 3.4 BCJR Decoding Algorithm 3.5
More informationPHASE NOISE COMPENSATION FOR OFDM WLAN SYSTEMS USING SUPERIMPOSED PILOTS
PHASE NOISE COMPENSATION FOR OFDM WLAN SYSTEMS USING SUPERIMPOSED PILOTS Angiras R. Varma, Chandra R. N. Athaudage, Lachlan L.H Andrew, Jonathan H. Manton ARC Special Research Center for Ultra-Broadband
More informationENSC327 Communication Systems 27: Digital Bandpass Modulation. (Ch. 7) Jie Liang School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University
ENSC37 Communication Systems 7: Digital Bandpass Modulation (Ch. 7) Jie Liang School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University 1 Outline 7.1 Preliminaries 7. Binary Amplitude-Shift Keying (BASK) 7.3
More informationImplementation and Comparative analysis of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Signaling Rashmi Choudhary
Implementation and Comparative analysis of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Signaling Rashmi Choudhary M.Tech Scholar, ECE Department,SKIT, Jaipur, Abstract Orthogonal Frequency Division
More informationFourier Transform Time Interleaving in OFDM Modulation
2006 IEEE Ninth International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications Fourier Transform Time Interleaving in OFDM Modulation Guido Stolfi and Luiz A. Baccalá Escola Politécnica - University
More informationChapter 2 Channel Equalization
Chapter 2 Channel Equalization 2.1 Introduction In wireless communication systems signal experiences distortion due to fading [17]. As signal propagates, it follows multiple paths between transmitter and
More information21. Orthonormal Representation of Signals
1. Orthonormal Representation of Signals Introduction An analogue communication system is designed for the transmission of information in analogue form. he source information is in analogue form. In practice,
More informationField Experiments of 2.5 Gbit/s High-Speed Packet Transmission Using MIMO OFDM Broadband Packet Radio Access
NTT DoCoMo Technical Journal Vol. 8 No.1 Field Experiments of 2.5 Gbit/s High-Speed Packet Transmission Using MIMO OFDM Broadband Packet Radio Access Kenichi Higuchi and Hidekazu Taoka A maximum throughput
More informationDEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER GCE@Bodi_ SCIENCE GCE@Bodi_ AND ENIGNEERING GCE@Bodi_ GCE@Bodi_ GCE@Bodi_ Analog and Digital Communication GCE@Bodi_ DEPARTMENT OF CsE Subject Name: Analog and Digital Communication
More informationTHE EFFECT of multipath fading in wireless systems can
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 47, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 1998 119 The Diversity Gain of Transmit Diversity in Wireless Systems with Rayleigh Fading Jack H. Winters, Fellow, IEEE Abstract In
More informationDigital Communication
Digital Communication Laboratories bako@ieee.org DigiCom Labs There are 5 labs related to the digital communication. Study of the parameters of metal cables including: characteristic impendance, attenuation
More informationDE63 DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS DEC 2014
Q.2 a. Draw the bandwidth efficiency curve w.r.t E b /N o. Compute the value of E b /N o required to achieve the data rate equal to the channel capacity if the channel bandwidth tends to infinity b. A
More informationLecture 13. Introduction to OFDM
Lecture 13 Introduction to OFDM Ref: About-OFDM.pdf Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is well-known to be effective against multipath distortion. It is a multicarrier communication scheme,
More informationELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
INSTIT INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad -500 043 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING COURSE DESCRIPTOR Course Title Course Code Programme DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
More informationMITIGATING CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET USING NULL SUBCARRIERS
International Journal on Intelligent Electronic System, Vol. 8 No.. July 0 6 MITIGATING CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET USING NULL SUBCARRIERS Abstract Nisharani S N, Rajadurai C &, Department of ECE, Fatima
More informationPresentation Outline. Advisors: Dr. In Soo Ahn Dr. Thomas L. Stewart. Team Members: Luke Vercimak Karl Weyeneth. Karl. Luke
Bradley University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Senior Capstone Project Presentation May 2nd, 2006 Team Members: Luke Vercimak Karl Weyeneth Advisors: Dr. In Soo Ahn Dr. Thomas L.
More informationcomparasion to BPSK, to distinguish those symbols, therefore, the error performance is degraded. Fig 2 QPSK signal constellation
Study of Digital Modulation Schemes using DDS 1. Introduction Phase shift keying(psk) is a simple form of data modulation scheme in which the phase of the transmitted signal is varied to convey information.
More informationTIME encoding of a band-limited function,,
672 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II: EXPRESS BRIEFS, VOL. 53, NO. 8, AUGUST 2006 Time Encoding Machines With Multiplicative Coupling, Feedforward, and Feedback Aurel A. Lazar, Fellow, IEEE
More informationCODING TECHNIQUES FOR ANALOG SOURCES
CODING TECHNIQUES FOR ANALOG SOURCES Prof.Pratik Tawde Lecturer, Electronics and Telecommunication Department, Vidyalankar Polytechnic, Wadala (India) ABSTRACT Image Compression is a process of removing
More informationTrellis-Coded Modulation [TCM]
Trellis-Coded Modulation [TCM] Limitations of conventional block and convolutional codes on bandlimited channels Basic principles of trellis coding: state, trellis, and set partitioning Coding gain with
More informationDigital Communication
Digital Communication (ECE4058) Electronics and Communication Engineering Hanyang University Haewoon Nam Lecture 1 1 Digital Band Pass Modulation echnique Digital and-pass modulation techniques Amplitude-shift
More information