Anthropogenic noise measurements and impacts for assessment of the marine environment
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1 Underwater Acoustics Research Anthropogenic noise measurements and impacts for assessment of the marine environment Paul Lepper Underwater Acoustics Research Applied Signal Processing Group Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
2 Outline oin-situ measurement of commercial acoustic CAAD devices onoise measurements from a North Sea drilling operation oaudiogram measurements of harbour porpoise ofuture work, Needs??
3 Commercial Aquacultra Acoustic Devices (CAAD). Manufacturers AIRMAR db Plus II ACE AQUATEC Silent Scrammer TERECOS Type DSMS - 4
4 Coastal fish farm Problems: Direct predation, stress (poor growth, lower immunity), escape, damage Estimated losses: million annually Ross-on-Wye Cons. Soc (1988)
5 Measurement procedure 12.5mm & 25mm spherical omni-directional hydrophones 32 db and 26 db preamp gain (1 khz HP) Recordings direct to lap-top hard-disk 160 khz bandwidth (NI-6062E card) 12-bit resolution RACAL recorder (100 khz bandwidth) Receivers Surface 8-10 m Tidal depth variations CTD casts Bottom samples DGPS range estimates Source 35 m Fixed short range (<5m on axis measurements) Medium (400m) & long range (2.5 & 4.5 km) Bottom
6 AIRMAR (db Plus II) Transducer Control System
7 AIRMAR (db Plus II)
8 AIRMAR (db Plus II)
9 ACE AQUATEC (Silent Scrammer) Trigger system Silent Scrammer
10 ACE AQUATEC (Silent Scrammer)
11 ACE AQUATEC (Silent Scrammer) Pulse No. 20 Peak level pulse Complete test sequence Pulse length (14 ms - 3.3ms) Inter-pulse period (33.2 ms ms)
12 ACE AQUATEC (Silent Scrammer) Test sequence spectral content Maximum observed Source Level 191 (db re 1m) at 9.7 khz
13 ACE AQUATEC (Silent Scrammer) Maximum observed Source Level 191 (db re 1m) at 9.7 khz
14 TERECOS (Type DSMS - 4) Program 4 example
15 TERECOS (Type DSMS - 4) Program 4 example Time variant Continuous Seq.1 (16 ms) Seq. 2 (8ms)
16 TERECOS (Type DSMS - 4) Sequence 1 & 2 maximum Source Level
17 Peak level duty cycle
18 In-situ noise assessment offshore drilling operation Measurement points Platform Sub-surface buoy Hydrophone Measurement points
19 Propagation prediction (150 Hz)
20 Propagation prediction (500 Hz)
21 Propagation prediction (880 Hz)
22 The Harbour Porpoise 100 µ sec ACTIVE SONAR Transmit path via Melon Echo reception via lower jaw
23 Hearing response of harbour porpoise Environmental impacts of off-shore windmills / drilling and marine construction
24 ABR measurements Porpoise start position at poolside Underwater station with monitoring hydrophone Baffle-boards Transmitting transducers hydrophones
25 ABR measurements
26 Future work; Needs?? Studies of animal behaviour to acoustic environments Marine mammal observers (Theodolite tracking, photo ID, etc.) Passive acoustic noise assessment Passive / active acoustic tracking Optical / RF / satellite / IR systems Physiological and behavioural responses (audiogram / playback etc.) Risk Mitigation for off shore operations Passive detection and tracking Improved arrays (bandwidth / noise/ localization) Detection / classification algorithms Other techniques (IR / Optical) Marine mammal observers Long term noise measurement (automated systems) Noise source measurement and classification Shipping Off shore operations Sonars Acoustic systems
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