EM-Simulation based Design of Coupled Resonator Bandpass Filters in MWO

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1 EM-Simulation based Design of Coupled Resonator Bandpass Filters in MWO 7. AWR User Workshop Prof. Dr. Sören Peik S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

2 Outline Motivation Coupled Resonator Filter Coupling Matrix Representation MWO Integration Tuning Through Group Delay Ness Method MWO Guided Tuning Process EM Based Design Cascaded EM Tuning Space Mapping Full EM S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

3 Motivation Response of Bandpass Filters designed through a filter wizard or algorithm is far from perfect Optimisation is very tedious, as the circuit contains many variables, e.g. 5 Resonator length and 6 Interspacings for a 5Pole Filter A step by step tuning of the 11 parameters is desirable A step by step methos is applicable to EM-extracted planaer filters S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

4 Loosely Coupled Resonators M 1 in= M 12= M 23= M out= Input Coupling Resonator 1 Resonator 2 Resonator 3 Inter Inter Coupling Coupling Output Coupling S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

5 Coupled Resonator Filter M 13 C 1 L 1 M 12 C 2 L 2 M 23 C 3 L 3 M N-1,N C N L N V 0 R L M 13 M 01 C 1 L 1 M 12 C 2 L 2 M 23 C 3 L 3 M N-1,N C N L N M N0 V 0 R L S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

6 Coupling Matrix [M] = M 11 M 12 M 1n M 1N M 21 M 22 M 2n M 2N M n1 M M nn M nn M N1 M N2 M Nn M NN M k,k+1 = 1 gk g k+1 M 0,1 = Rs g0 g 1 M n,n+1 = RL gn g n+1 [1, 2, 3] S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

7 Realization M01 M12 1 M23 2 Port2 M40 M Port1 S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

8 Example [M] = M01-10 M M23 2 S11 and S21 /db M40 M f / GHz S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

9 Cross Coupling [M] = M S11 and S21 /db f / GHz S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

10 MWO Set Up S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

11 Filter Synthesis S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

12 M-Tuning S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

13 M Tuning S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

14 Group Delay Tuning Method Coupled Resonators Show a Distinct Group Delay Response May be Used to Match Golden Response with Measured Response Group Delay is Easier to Match Than S-Parameters Used for On-The-Bench Tuning Here Applied to Fine Tuning MWO Simulations See Ness [4, 2] for Details S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

15 Group Delay Measure of time elapsed between signal fed into port and signal leaving port GD of S 21 is the time of signal travelling Through Filter GD of S 11 is the time of signal round trip signal into port 1 signal out of port 1 Travel time of wave groups, i.e. modulated signals, pings etc. Very high in coupled resonator filter Measured through Phase change per frequency change GD = dφ dω S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

16 Group Delay Group Delay S11 of a Single Resonator S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

17 Group Delay Group Delay S11 of 2 Coupled Resonators S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

18 Group Delay Group Delay S11 of 3 Coupled Resonators S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

19 Group Delay Group Delay S11 of 4 Coupled Resonators S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

20 Group Delay Group Delay S11 of 5 Coupled Resonators S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

21 Impact on Coupling Variation Varying M M12 M22 M12= Group Delay / ns f / GHz S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

22 Impact on Coupling Variation Varying M M22= M12 M22 Group Delay / ns f / GHz S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

23 Group Delay Inserting a non-resonant Node creates a group delay, that depends on the left M-Parameters only S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

24 Group Delay Variation S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

25 Comparsion Golden vs. Measured Filter S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

26 Response Comparison S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

27 Tuning Step 1 We detach the filter behind first Resonator S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

28 Before Tuning S0 and L1 S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

29 After Tuning S0 and L1 S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

30 Tuning Step 2 We detach the filter behind first Resonator S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

31 Before Tuning S0 and L1 S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

32 After Tuning S1 and L2 S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

33 Before Tuning S2 and L3 S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

34 After Tuning S2 and L3 S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

35 Final Tuned Response S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

36 Full EM Simulation S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

37 Drawbacks and Limitations EM-Simulation does not Meet Specs Very Slow Simulation Speed, Optimisation not Possible Very Narrow Gaps, Difficult to Manufacture S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

38 New Specs 5 Pole 2 GHz Centre Frequency 5% Bandwidth S 11 < 15dB in Pass Band Designer Friendly Layout Cascadable Coupling Structure with Electrical Line with Ports Etchable Smallest Layout Features 0.5 mm Adjustable EM Extraction implemented Weak Parasitic Stray Coupling Zig-Zag Arangement S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

39 Extraction Problem S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

40 New Resonator Models Model1: Inverter Res. Model2: Cap-Line Model3: MS Circuit Model4: Full EM S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

41 Compare and Tune S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

42 Comparison S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

43 Space Mapping P G1 P* G1 P*G2 P G2 P* G3 P* G4 P G3 P G4 P G5 P* G5 Parameter Space of Coarse Model Parameter Space of fine Model S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

44 Space Mapping S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

45 Comparison Model Schematic S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

46 Final Response S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

47 Full EM Simulation Simulation Time: 3 hours 20 min S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

48 ToDo Fine Tune Full EM-Extraction Loss Calculation Manufacturing S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

49 Summary Brute force optimization of large filter structures is not feasible Applying Ness Method to MWO Filter Design splits an 11-variable problem into 3 two-variable problems Guaranteed optimal solution as procedure cannot get trapped into local minima EM Extraction of cascaded structure yields quickly good results Space Mapping Technique included Room for further improvement S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

50 References R. J. Cameron, General coupling matrix synthesis methods for chebyshev filtering functions, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 47, no. 4, pp , R. J. Cameron, R. Mansour, and C. M. Kudsia, Microwave Filters for Communication Systems: Fundamentals, Design and Applications. Wiley-Interscience, G. Matthaei, E. Jones, and L. Young, Microwave Filters, Impedance-Matching Networks, and Coupling Structures (Artech Microwave Library). Artech House Publishers, J. B. Ness, A unified approach to the design, measurement, and tuning of coupled-resonator filters, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 46, no. 4, pp , S. Peik () MWO Filter Design / 50

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