Shielding Performance and Measurement Method of High- Voltage Wiring Harnesses
|
|
- Claire Fletcher
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EVS28 KINTEX, Korea, May 3-6, 2015 Shielding Performance and Measurement Method of High- Voltage Wiring Harnesses Yoshio Mizutani 1, Akihiro Hayashi 1, Hiroyuki Kodama 2, Hirokazu Koseki 2 1 Hybrid Vehicle R&D Div., AutoNetworks Technologies, Ltd. (Sumitomo Electric Group), 1-14 Nishisuehiro-cho, Yokkaichi, Mie Japan, yoshio-mizutani@gate.sws.co.jp 2 SEI ANTech-Europe GmbH (Sumitomo Electric Group), Brandgehaege 11, D Wolfsburg-Hattorf, Germany, hiroyuki.kodama@antech-europe.eu Abstract High-voltage and large-current are applied to a high-voltage wiring harness of HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicles), PHEVs (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles) and EVs (Electric Vehicles). Ensuring the compatibility with the generally used 12 V system is important to avoid electro-magnetic compatibility problems, and thus, the development of shielding technology for the high-voltage wiring harnesses is essential. Clearly, a measurement method of the shielding performance is necessary for the shielding technology development of high-voltage wiring harnesses. We have two methods for the measurement of shielding performance, one is the current probe method based on the international specification CISPR25, and the other is the transfer impedance method mainly used in Europe. In this paper, firstly the shielding concept and the shielding structure of high-voltage wiring harness, measurement method of shielding performance are introduced. These measurement methods are compared by using shielded wires and high-voltage wiring harnesses that consist of shielded wires and connectors. The comparison results show the good correlation between both measurement methods. Then the theoretical calculation and the sensitivity of these measurement methods are discussed. The comparison result of various shielding structure also showed that the aluminium pipe shielding structure which our company developed has excellent shielding performance. Keywords: high-voltage wiring harness, electro-magnetic shielding, transfer impedance method, current probe methods 1 Introduction HEVs, PHEVs and EVs that enable reductions in fuel consumptions and CO 2 emissions are highly interesting from the viewpoint of the global environment. In these vehicles, a high-voltage circuit is necessary for motor driving and energy regenerating, in addition to a conventional 12V system. Sumitomo Electric Group develops and manufactures high-voltage wiring harnesses that correspond to these kinds of components [1]-[4]. Especially for the high-voltage wiring harnesses, it is important to include excellent electromagnetic shielding compatible with sensitive devices, such as the radio control system and high speed communication system. Clearly, a measurement method of the shielding performance is necessary for shielding technology EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition 1
2 development of high-voltage wiring harnesses. We compared typical two measurement methods using shielded wires and high-voltage wiring harnesses. 2 Shielding Concept of High- Voltage Wiring Harness One of the key requirements for high-voltage wiring harnesses is its sheath performance. The main requirements of the sheath performance are the shielding and the mechanical protection. The shielding is required due to the electro-magnetic field which is created by the high-voltage and large-current flowing through the high-voltage wiring harness. Additionally, the power electronics also generate some high-frequency noises, which can be also induced into the highvoltage wiring harness. Therefore, the shielding acts mainly as an EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) shielding to avoid any electromagnetic influence to the low-voltage wiring harness applications like the radio or other highfrequency systems inside the vehicle. To prevent a close proximity to the low-voltage wiring harness, the high-voltage wiring harness is routed mainly under the floor of the vehicle using the vehicle body as an additional EMI shielding. Due to this under-floor routing of the high-voltage wiring harness, a mechanical protection is also required to avoid any wire damage by chipping stones or accidents [3]. 2.1 Kind of Shielding Structure There are mainly two kinds of shielding structures for high-voltage wiring harnesses, an individual shielding structure and a bundle shielding structure. Figure 1 shows the shielding structure of the high-voltage wiring harness manufactured in our company. The bundle braided shielding structure and the aluminium pipe shielding structure are categorized into the bundle shielding structure. The individual shielding, a structure that separately shields each wire, is the most conventional structure for the high-voltage wiring harness. The bundle shielding is a structure that has a common shielding layer and shields all wires together by the shielding layer. The bundle braided shielding structure has a shielding layer made with braided metal wire. The bundle braided shielding structure was first applied for the highvoltage wiring harness of HEVs by our company in 2003 [2]. Furthermore, the aluminum pipe shielding was developed and applied to HEVs by our company for the first time in the world in 2005 [1]. The aluminum pipe shielding structure uses an aluminum pipe as the material of the shielding layer. Therefore not only the shielding performance but also mechanical protection and heat shielding are good [3],[4]. Figure 1: Shielding structures 3 Measurement Method of Shielding Performance We use two measurement methods of shielding performance for the high-voltage wiring harness. One is the current probe method, the other is the transfer impedance method. The former is a typical indirect-method for the shielding performance. This is a method in which when signal is input into an internal conductor of a sample, radiated noises penetrating through the shielding layer are detected by devices such as sensors or antennas. On the other hand, the latter is a typical direct-method for the shielding performance. With this method the coupling state between an internal conductor and a shielding layer of a sample is directly observed by measuring the voltage of the internal conductor induced by the current flowing through the shielding layer. Japanese and European automakers typically prefer the former and latter methods, respectively. This section explains the both measurement methods. 3.1 Current probe method This measurement method is based on the international specification CISPR25 for the shielding performance of components within the EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition 2
3 automobile field. Our company is, thus, quite familiar with this measurement method. Figure 2 shows the measurement system using a spectrum analyzer with a built-in tracking generator and a current probe. In order to avoid influence of external electro-magnetic disturbances, the whole measurement system is placed inside a shielded room. Two kinds of probe are applied depending on the frequency to pick up the noise radiated from samples. This measurement is operated on a copper plate for the purpose of securing a common and stable ground of the whole measurement system. Figure 2: Measurement system for the current probe method The principle of the measurement is that the current probe senses the radiated noise penetrating through the shielding layer when the input signal comes from the spectrum analyzer to the internal conductor of a sample through the connection box. The measurement parameter in this measurement method is the power ratio of the input signal and output signal, and is calculated according to the following equation. = 10 log Then the shielding performance is calculated as the difference between the shielded and nonshielded samples. With this system various types of samples such as shielded wires without connectors and wiring harnesses that have connectors jointed to the wires can be measured by applying the particular connector-interface adaptors. 3.2 Transfer impedance method This measurement method is standardized by the international specification IEC for a coaxial cable testing, which is a method to test the shielding performance of components within the automobile field and commonly used in Europe. Our company have begun to apply this (1) measurement method recently. Figure 3 shows the definition of the transfer impedance Z t. Figure 3: Definition of transfer impedance The principle of the measurement is that the spectrum analyser detects the induced voltage in the internal conductor as the output when the input signal comes from the spectrum analyser to the shielding layer of the sample through the injection wire. The measured value is the power ratio between input and output signals, as with the current probe method. Figure 4 shows the measurement system only for a wire sample, using a spectrum analyzer with a built-in tracking generator. A 50Ω coaxial cable is used for injecting the signal to the shielding layer, and the output signal of sample at the far-end is measured with the spectrum analyzer. As it affects the transfer impedance measurement, the common ground is not used for the measurement. With the measurement system in Fig. 4, the transfer impedance can be calculated as the following equation. = 2 l 10 (2) where is the transfer impedance(ω/m), is the power ratio between input and output signal(db), is the terminating resistance of the injection line(ω), is the terminating resistance of the sample(ω), and l is the sample length(m). Figure 4: Measurement system for the transfer impedance method EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition 3
4 The transfer impedance method as shown in Fig. 4 was originally developed for measuring the shielding performance of shielded wires without connectors, and did not consider wiring harness samples with connectors including the highvoltage wiring harness. Therefore, we modified the measurement system explained above to measure wiring harnesses correctly. Figure 5 shows the measurement system that was modified based on Fig. 4 in order to measure wiring harnesses. The position of the injection point has been changed onto the connection box from on the wire in order to consider the influence of connectors at both ends of the shielded wire. Due to this modification, the input signal flows through the shielding shell that is the shielding layer for the connector, thereby making it possible to measure the shielding performance of the whole wiring harness, including connectors. The transfer impedance can be calculated like Fig. 4 by Eq. (2). 4.1 Basic comparison In this subsection, the current probe method and the transfer impedance method (measurement system is shown in Fig. 4) are compared using various shielded wires (individual shielding), and the measurement results of the transfer impedance method are evaluated for consistency with the theory. Figure 6 shows the cross sectional structure of shielded wire samples of 4 mm 2, 4 mm 2 2-cores, 16 mm 2 and 35 mm 2 for this measurement. These wires are designed for connecting high-voltage components, such as high-voltage battery circuits and motor circuits. (a) 4 mm 2 (b) 4 mm 2 2-cores (c) 16 mm 2 (d) 35 mm 2 Figure 5: Transfer impedance method for wiring harness 4 Comparison of the Current Probe Method and the Transfer Impedance Method As previously described, the current probe method is well proven among Japanese automakers, and also well established in our company. However, not much knowledge is available with respect to the transfer impedance method, because it has not been long since the beginning of using this measurement system for high-voltage wiring harnesses. Therefore, it was necessary to carefully verify the accuracy of the measurement values and the correlativity between the both measurement methods. In this section, the measurement values of both measurement methods were compared and verified using various samples as follows. Figure 6: Measurement samples of shielded wire Figures 7 and 8 show the measurement results of each shielded wire with the current probe method and the transfer impedance method, respectively. Note that the larger values of shielding performance in Fig. 7 and the smaller values of transfer impedance in Fig. 8 mean better shielding ability. Although the graph shapes indicating the relationship between shielding performance and frequency with both measurement methods are different, the relative behavior of each sample for both measurement methods is quite similar when comparing Figs. 7 and 8. For example, the shielded wires 4 mm 2 2-cores, 16 mm 2 and 35 mm 2 have nearly the same level at all frequency ranges, and the difference between shielded wire 4 mm 2 and the other wires is significantly large over 1 MHz. Moreover the shielding performance at low frequency depends on the size of each shielding layer. The tendencies of the shielding performance at low frequency as shown Figs. 7 and 8 depend on the DC resistance of each shielding layer. For the transfer impedance method, from the theoretical EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition 4
5 point of view, the DC resistance of the shielding layer strongly affects the transfer impedance as the frequency becomes lower. (3) (in case of extremely low frequency) R: DC resistance of shielding layer Table 1 shows the comparison results between measured transfer impedance at 10 khz of a shielded wire and DC resistance of the shielding layer. We confirmed the consistency of comparison results and Eq. (3), as shown in Table 1. Also for the current probe method, we have many measurement data of various shielding structures and materials. Figure 9 shows the relationship between the shielding performance at 10 khz and DC resistance of various shielding structures and materials, and this relationship shows very good correlation. The measurement values at 10 khz of Fig. 7 conform to this relationship. Figure 7: Measurement results of shielded wire with the current probe method Figure 8: Measurement results of shielded wire with the transfer impedance method Figure 9: Relationship between shielding performance at 10 khz and DC resistance of various shielding structures and materials. In order to confirm the tendency of the transfer impedance dependency on frequency, the measurement and calculation values based on a simulation model was compared. For simulation model of the individual shielding structure, Kley s model [5] can be applied. Figure 10 shows the comparison results. The results showed the measurement and calculation values have a positive correlation with each sample, although slightly different over several MHz. This difference, it is estimated to have occurred due to the transfer admittance included in the measurement value, while the calculation value is pure transfer impedance. The transfer admittance is caused by inside and outside capacitance of the shielding layer, and is appeared significantly at high frequency. Table 1: Comparison between transfer impedance and DC resistance EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition 5
6 (a) Shielded wire 4 mm 2 (b) Shielded wire 4 mm 2 2-cores 4.2 Sensitivity comparison (1) In this subsection, the sensitivity of measurement method is compared between the current probe method and the transfer impedance method by using high-voltage wiring harnesses with different shielding shell structures of connectors. The transfer impedance was measured by the measurement system shown in Fig. 5. Two high-voltage wiring harness samples were prepared for this study, as follows. 35 mm 2 shielded wire with Connector A at both ends of the shielded wire. The shielding shell of Connector A consists of several parts. 35 mm 2 shielded wire with Connector B at both ends of the shielded wire. The shielding shell of Connector B has a onepiece. Figures 11 and 12 show the measurement results with the current probe method and the transfer impedance method, respectively. As for the results, tendency of both measurement methods have a very high correlation, the same results as in subsection 4.1. (c) Shielded wire 16 mm 2 Figure 11: Measurement results of high-voltage wiring harness with the current probe method (d) Shielded wire 35 mm 2 Figure 10: Comparison between measurement and calculation Figure 12: Measurement results of high-voltage wiring harness with the transfer impedance method EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition 6
7 Under 1 MHz, there is no remarkable difference among all the samples. On the other hand, the high-voltage wiring harnesses have worse performance compared to the shielded wire sample over 1 MHz. These tendencies were confirmed from results of both measurement methods. Possible reasons for this tendency are as follows: Under 1 MHz, the contact between the shielding layer of the shielded wire and the shielding shell of the connector has very low resistance. Over 1 MHz, it is estimated that the noise is radiated from the shielding shell. In comparison of two connector types, Connector B is slightly better than Connector A due to the difference of shielding shell structure. In Connector A with the shielding shell consisting of several parts, the connection between these parts of the shielding shell is estimated to negatively affect the shielding performance. Both measurement methods can sense even this small difference of each connector. We confirmed that the transfer impedance method is capable of making a measurement while considering the influence of connectors, as the current probe method is. 4.3 Sensitivity comparison (2) In the final subsection, we compare whether or not both measurement methods detect characteristics of each shielding structure (see subsection 2.1) of high-voltage wiring harness. Figure 13 shows the measurement samples of the individual, the bundle braided and the aluminum pipe shielding structures. As shown in Fig. 13(c), the aluminum pipe shielding structure has a braided wire part at the end of pipe. Using this braided wire part assumes that some flexible parts are established at the ends of pipe taking productivity into account, such as easy installation into vehicles or an acceptability of the production tolerance. Figures 14 and 15 show the measurement results of each shielding structure with the current probe method and the transfer impedance method, respectively. Changes of graph shapes by difference of shielding structure was captured by the both measurement methods, tendency of these changes had a good correlation with each other. Below several hundred khz, the bundle braided shielding and aluminium pipe shielding structures were relatively good because these structures had low DC resistance. On the other hand, at over 1 MHz, the individual shielding structure had nearly the same performance as the aluminum pipe shielding structure. From this measurement, it was found that the aluminum pipe shielding structure had the best performance among the three shielding structures at wide frequency range. (a) Individual shielding structure Figure 14: Measurement results of each shielding structure with the current probe method (b) Bundle braided shielding structure (c) Aluminum pipe shielding structure Figure 13: Measurement samples of each shielding structure Figure 15: Measurement results of each shielding structure with the transfer impedance method EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition 7
8 In general, shielding performance at low frequency range was strongly affected by the DC resistance as explained in subsection 4.1, it was confirmed on Figs. 14 and 15, too. At higher frequency, however, as the frequency moved higher a high surface density structure of the shielding layer, namely the shielding layer structure that covers the wire surface without aperture, was advantageous for shielding performance. The results of both measurement methods proved that the aluminum pipe shielding structure with low DC resistance and without aperture is suitable for both these frequency ranges. 5 Conclusion The comparison results between the current probe method and the transfer impedance method indicated a good correlation for the shielding performance of shielded wires and high-voltage wiring harnesses. The sensitivity of both measurement methods for different connectors or shielding structures was comparable. The aluminum pipe shielding structure had the best shielding performance among the three shielding types for high-voltage wiring harnesses. Acknowledgments We would like to thank Dr. Thomas Flottmann, Mr. Marcin Zwolinski and Mr. Ole Adam in Sumitomo Electric Bordnetze GmbH for kindly supporting to guide the measurements and to prepare the samples at our development center in Wolfsburg, Germany. References [1] High-Voltage Wiring Harness Employed in New Model Hybrid Vehicle, SEI WORLD 340(2006). [2] S. Miyazaki, S. Kihira, T. Nozaki, New Shielding Construction of High-Voltage Wiring Harnesses for Toyota Prius Winning of Toyota Superior Award for Cost Reduction-, SEI Technical Review, no. 61(January 2006), [5] T. Kley, Optimized Single-Braided Cable Shields, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. EMC-35, no. 1(February 1993). Authors Yoshio Mizutani received a master s degree in electrical engineering from Nagaoka University of Technology in He joined Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. in 1991, where he worked at power cable division. He has been moved to AutoNetworks Technologies, Ltd. in 2000, and since then he has been in charge of R&D for high-voltage wiring harnesses. Akihiro Hayashi received a bachelor s degree in chemical engineering from Osaka University in He joined Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. in 1988, where he worked at magnet wire division. He has been moved to AutoNetworks Technologies, Ltd. in 2009, and since then he has been in charge of R&D for high-voltage wiring harnesses. Hiroyuki Kodama received a master s degree in semiconductor device engineering from Hiroshima University in He joined Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. in He has been moved to SEI ANTech-Europe GmbH in 2013, and is responsible for the development of high-voltage wiring harnesses. Hirokazu Koseki received a master s degree in precise mechanical engineer from Utsunomiya University in He joined Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. in After working in UK and Hungary as electric wire engineer, from 2006 he has moved to AntoNetworks Technologies, Ltd. in Japan. Since 2010 he is General Manager of highvoltage wiring harnesses and components R&D at SEI ANTech- Europe GmbH. [3] Y. Mizutani, O. Weiss, Pipe Shield High-Voltage Wiring Harness, 26th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, Los Angeles, California, May [4] Y. Itani, Y. Mizutani, M. Kuwahara, S. Hashimoto, Aluminum Pipe Shielded High- Voltage Wiring Harness, SEI Technical Review, no. 79(October 2014), EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition 8
Conduit measured transfer impedance and shielding effectiveness (typically achieved in the RS103 and CS114 tests)
Conduit measured transfer impedance and shielding effectiveness (typically achieved in the RS3 and CS4 tests) D. A. Weston K. McDougall conduitse.doc 5-2-27 The data and information contained within this
More information150Hz to 1MHz magnetic field coupling to a typical shielded cable above a ground plane configuration
150Hz to 1MHz magnetic field coupling to a typical shielded cable above a ground plane configuration D. A. Weston Lowfreqcablecoupling.doc 7-9-2005 The data and information contained within this report
More informationSolution of EMI Problems from Operation of Variable-Frequency Drives
Pacific Gas and Electric Company Solution of EMI Problems from Operation of Variable-Frequency Drives Background Abrupt voltage transitions on the output terminals of a variable-frequency drive (VFD) are
More informationOptimized shield design for reduction of EMF from wireless power transfer systems
This article has been accepted and published on J-STAGE in advance of copyediting. Content is final as presented. IEICE Electronics Express, Vol.*, No.*, 1 9 Optimized shield design for reduction of EMF
More informationCourse Introduction Purpose Objectives Content Learning Time
Course Introduction Purpose This course discusses techniques for analyzing and eliminating noise in microcontroller (MCU) and microprocessor (MPU) based embedded systems. Objectives Learn about a method
More informationTodd Hubing. Clemson University. Cabin Environment Communication System. Controls Airbag Entertainment Systems Deployment
Automotive Component Measurements for Determining Vehicle-Level Radiated Emissions Todd Hubing Michelin Professor of Vehicular Electronics Clemson University Automobiles are Complex Electronic Systems
More information10 kw Contactless Power Transfer System. for Rapid Charger of Electric Vehicle
EVS6 Los Angeles, California, May 6-9, 0 0 kw Contactless Power Transfer System for Rapid Charger of Electric Vehicle Tomohiro Yamanaka, Yasuyoshi Kaneko, Shigeru Abe, Tomio Yasuda, Saitama University,
More informationCourse Introduction. Content 16 pages. Learning Time 30 minutes
Course Introduction Purpose This course discusses techniques for analyzing and eliminating noise in microcontroller (MCU) and microprocessor (MPU) based embedded systems. Objectives Learn what EMI is and
More informationMEASUREMENTS OF COUPLING THROUGH BRAIDED SHIELD VIA NEW CONDUCTED IMMUNITY TECH- NIQUE
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 11, 61 68, 2009 MEASUREMENTS OF COUPLING THROUGH BRAIDED SHIELD VIA NEW CONDUCTED IMMUNITY TECH- NIQUE M. Ghassempouri College of Electrical Engineering Iran
More informationTwo Line V-Network GLN-5040A USER MANUAL GW INSTEK PART NO. 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA Phone Toll Free
Two Line V-Network GLN-5040A 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176 Phone 781-665-1400 Toll Free 1-800-517-8431 Visit us at www.testequipmentdepot.com USER MANUAL GW INSTEK PART NO. ISO-9001 CERTIFIED
More informationT + T /13/$ IEEE 236. the inverter s input impedances on the attenuation of a firstorder
Emulation of Conducted Emissions of an Automotive Inverter for Filter Development in HV Networks M. Reuter *, T. Friedl, S. Tenbohlen, W. Köhler Institute of Power Transmission and High Voltage Technology
More informationA Study of Conducted-Emission Stable Source Applied to the EMC US and EU Standards
Fourth LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology (LACCEI 2006) Breaking Frontiers and Barriers in Engineering: Education, Research and Practice, 21-23
More informationby Shoichiro Hirai *, Naoya Arakawa *, Takahiro Ueno *2, Hiroki Hamada *2, Isao Tomomatsu *3 and Yoichi Iso *4 1. INTRODUCTION
by Shoichiro Hirai *, Naoya Arakawa *, Takahiro Ueno *2, Hiroki Hamada *2, Isao Tomomatsu *3 and Yoichi Iso *4 Recently the development of information-intensive society around us is quite ABSTRACT remarkable,
More informationModeling and Simulation of Powertrains for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Modeling and Simulation of Powertrains for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Dr. Marco KLINGLER PSA Peugeot Citroën Vélizy-Villacoublay, FRANCE marco.klingler@mpsa.com FR-AM-5 Background The automotive context
More informationNSA Calculation of Anechoic Chamber Using Method of Moment
200 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium 2006, Cambridge, USA, March 26-29 NSA Calculation of Anechoic Chamber Using Method of Moment T. Sasaki, Y. Watanabe, and M. Tokuda Musashi Institute
More informationOversimplification of EMC filter selection
Shortcomings of Simple EMC Filters Antoni Jan Nalborczyk MPE Ltd. Liverpool, United Kingdom Oversimplification of EMC filter selection to reduce size and cost can often be a false economy as anticipated
More informationEfficient HF Modeling and Model Parameterization of Induction Machines for Time and Frequency Domain Simulations
Efficient HF Modeling and Model Parameterization of Induction Machines for Time and Frequency Domain Simulations M. Schinkel, S. Weber, S. Guttowski, W. John Fraunhofer IZM, Dept.ASE Gustav-Meyer-Allee
More informationInfluence of Termination Impedance on conducted Emissions in Automotive High Voltage Networks
Influence of Termination Impedance on conducted Emissions in Automotive High Voltage Networks M. Reuter *, S. Tenbohlen, W. Koehler Institute of Power Transmission and High Voltage Technology (IEH), University
More informationOverview of the ATLAS Electromagnetic Compatibility Policy
Overview of the ATLAS Electromagnetic Compatibility Policy G. Blanchot CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Georges.Blanchot@cern.ch Abstract The electromagnetic compatibility of ATLAS electronic equipments
More informationConducted EMI Simulation of Switched Mode Power Supply
Conducted EMI Simulation of Switched Mode Power Supply Hongyu Li #1, David Pommerenke #2, Weifeng Pan #3, Shuai Xu *4, Huasheng Ren *5, Fantao Meng *6, Xinghai Zhang *7 # EMC Laboratory, Missouri University
More informationMeasurement Environment Influence Compensation to Reproduce Anechoic Chamber Measurements with Near Field Scanning
Measurement Environment Influence Compensation to Reproduce Anechoic Chamber Measurements with Near Field Scanning Denis Rinas, Alexander Zeichner, Stephan Frei TU Dortmund University Dortmund, Germany
More informationAbout the High-Frequency Interferences produced in Systems including PWM and AC Motors
About the High-Frequency Interferences produced in Systems including PWM and AC Motors ELEONORA DARIE Electrotechnical Department Technical University of Civil Engineering B-dul Pache Protopopescu 66,
More informationA Novel Measurement System for the Common-Mode- and Differential-Mode-Conducted Electromagnetic Interference
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 48, 75 81, 014 A Novel Measurement System for the Common-Mode- and Differential-Mode-Conducted Electromagnetic Interference Qiang Feng *, Cheng Liao,
More informationResearch of Shielding Effectiveness of an Elastic Shield Made of Conductive Fabric to Ensure HEMP Protection of Electronic Equipment
International Journal of Research Studies in Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IJRSEEE) Volume 5, Issue 1, 2019, PP 1-7 ISSN 2454-9436 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-9436.0501001 www.arcjournals.org
More informationINSTRUCTION MANUAL TRI-PLATE LINE MODEL EM-7310
INSTRUCTION MANUAL TRI-PLATE LINE MODEL EM-7310 INSTRUCTION MANUAL THIS INSTRUCTION MANUAL AND ITS ASSOCIATED INFORMATION IS PRO- PRIETARY. UNAUTHORIZED REPRO- DUCTION IS FORBIDDEN. 1998 ELECTRO-METRICS
More informationTEST REPORT... 1 CONTENT...
CONTENT TEST REPORT... 1 CONTENT... 2 1 TEST RESULTS SUMMARY... 3 2 EMF RESULTS CONCLUSION... 4 3 LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS... 5 4 EMI TEST... 6 4.1 DISTURBANCE VOLTAGE ON MAINS TERMINALS ( KHZ- MHZ)...
More informationDesign and Verification of 400Hz Power Filter for Aircraft Switching Power Supply
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS, SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING Volume 9, 25 Design and Verification of Hz Power Filter for Aircraft Switching Power Supply Ju-Min Lee, Heon-Wook Seo, Sung-Su Ahn, Jin-Dae
More informationTest and Measurement for EMC
Test and Measurement for EMC Bogdan Adamczyk, Ph.D., in.c.e. Professor of Engineering Director of the Electromagnetic Compatibility Center Grand Valley State University, Michigan, USA Ottawa, Canada July
More informationInvestigation of Cavity Resonances in an Automobile
Investigation of Cavity Resonances in an Automobile Haixiao Weng, Daryl G. Beetner, Todd H. Hubing, and Xiaopeng Dong Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory University of Missouri-Rolla Rolla, MO 65409,
More informationInfluence of interface cables termination impedance on radiated emission measurement
10.2478/v10048-010-0026-2 MEASUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volume 10, No. 5, 2010 Influence of interface cables termination impedance on radiated emission measurement M. Bittera, V. Smiesko Department of Measurement,
More informationThis is a preview - click here to buy the full publication INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION CISPR 22 Fifth edition 2005-04 INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE Information technology equipment Radio disturbance characteristics Limits
More informationA Large Air Gap 3 kw Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicles
A Large Air Gap 3 W Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicles Hiroya Taanashi*, Yuiya Sato*, Yasuyoshi Kaneo*, Shigeru Abe*, Tomio Yasuda** *Saitama University, Saitama, Japan ** Technova Inc.,
More informationEnhance the Sensibility of the Eddy Current Testing
APSAEM12 Jorunal of the Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Vol.21, No. (201) Regular Paper Enhance the Sensibility of the Eddy Current Testing Hiroki KIKUCHIHARA *1, Iliana MARINOVA
More informationIleana-Diana Nicolae ICMET CRAIOVA UNIVERSITY OF CRAIOVA MAIN BUILDING FACULTY OF ELECTROTECHNICS
The Designing, Realization and Testing of a Network Filter used to Reduce Electromagnetic Disturbances and to Improve the EMI for Static Switching Equipment Petre-Marian Nicolae Ileana-Diana Nicolae George
More informationResearch on Electromagnetic Compatibility of New Energy Vehicles
2017 4th International Conference on Vehicle, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (ICVMEE 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-477-6 Research on Electromagnetic Compatibility of New Energy Vehicles YUE ZHANG, XU
More informationElectromagnetic Shielding Analysis of Buildings Under Power Lines Hit by Lightning
Electromagnetic Shielding Analysis of Buildings Under Power Lines Hit by Lightning S. Ladan, A. Aghabarati, R. Moini, S. Fortin and F.P. Dawalibi Safe Engineering Services and Technologies ltd. Montreal,
More informationAutomotive Systems Past and Present
Automotive EMC IEEE EMC Society Eastern North Carolina Section February 9, 2010 By Mark Steffka IEEE EMCS Distinguished Lecturer Email: msteffka@ieee.org IEEE 1 Automotive Systems Past and Present Today
More informationEMC Immunity studies for front-end electronics in high-energy physics experiments
EMC Immunity studies for front-end electronics in high-energy physics experiments F. Arteche*, C. Rivetta**, *CERN,1211 Geneve 23 Switzerland, **FERMILAB, P.O Box 0 MS341, Batavia IL 510 USA. e-mail: fernando.arteche@cern.ch,
More informationLarge E Field Generators in Semi-anechoic Chambers for Full Vehicle Immunity Testing
Large E Field Generators in Semi-anechoic Chambers for Full Vehicle Immunity Testing Vince Rodriguez ETS-Lindgren, Inc. Abstract Several standards recommend the use of transmission line systems (TLS) as
More informationTransfer Functions in EMC Shielding Design
Transfer Functions in EMC Shielding Design Transfer Functions Definition Overview of Theory Shielding Effectiveness Definition & Test Anomalies George Kunkel CEO, Spira Manufacturing Corporation www.spira-emi.com
More informationAlternative Coupling Method for Immunity Testing of Power Grid Protection Equipment
Alternative Coupling Method for Immunity Testing of Power Grid Protection Equipment Christian Suttner*, Stefan Tenbohlen Institute of Power Transmission and High Voltage Technology (IEH), University of
More informationEMC simulation addresses ECU validation issues
EMC simulation addresses ECU validation issues A more straightforward validation of electromagnetic compatibility can be achieved by combining tools. By Stefan Heimburger, Andreas Barchanski, and Thorsten
More informationModeling of Conduction EMI Noise and Technology for Noise Reduction
Modeling of Conduction EMI Noise and Technology for Noise Reduction Shuangching Chen Taku Takaku Seiki Igarashi 1. Introduction With the recent advances in high-speed power se miconductor devices, the
More informationGeneral Safety/EMC and Electrical Information for i-limb ultra and i-limb digits
1. General Safety 1.1 The i-limb ultra and i-limb digits devices are electrical devices, which under certain circumstances could present an electrical shock hazard to the user. Please read the accompanying
More informationAutomation of a Clamp Mechanism for EMC Testing
PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 4, NO. 5, 2008 516 Automation of a Clamp Mechanism for EMC Testing Andrew Nafalski and Özdemir Göl University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia Abstract This paper reports
More informationCharacterization of Integrated Circuits Electromagnetic Emission with IEC
Characterization of Integrated Circuits Electromagnetic Emission with IEC 61967-4 Bernd Deutschmann austriamicrosystems AG A-8141 Unterpremstätten, Austria bernd.deutschmann@ieee.org Gunter Winkler University
More informationCOOLTUBE Radiated Emissions Absorber
COOLTUBE Radiated Emissions Absorber Radiated Emissions Solution from MH&W International Corp. Radiated Emissions In VFD Motor Systems 1. Defining the problem 2. Solutions 2 What is EMI? What Are Emissions?
More informationReduction in Radiation Noise Level for Inductive Power Transfer System with Spread Spectrum
216963 Reduction in Radiation Noise Level for Inductive Power Transfer System with Spread Spectrum 16mm Keisuke Kusaka 1) Kent Inoue 2) Jun-ichi Itoh 3) 1) Nagaoka University of Technology, Energy and
More informationAlternative Radiated Emission Measurements at Close Distance In Industry
Alternative Radiated Emission Measurements at Close Distance In Industry Osman Şen, Bahadır Tektaş, Soydan Çakır, Mustafa Çetintaş Electromagnetic Laboratories, TUBITAK UME, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey Abstract
More informationCommon myths, fallacies and misconceptions in Electromagnetic Compatibility and their correction.
Common myths, fallacies and misconceptions in Electromagnetic Compatibility and their correction. D. A. Weston EMC Consulting Inc 22-3-2010 These are some of the commonly held beliefs about EMC which are
More informationDesigning external cabling for low EMI radiation A similar article was published in the December, 2004 issue of Planet Analog.
HFTA-13.0 Rev.2; 05/08 Designing external cabling for low EMI radiation A similar article was published in the December, 2004 issue of Planet Analog. AVAILABLE Designing external cabling for low EMI radiation
More informationMethods for Reducing Emissions from Switching Power Circuits. A. McDowell, C. Zhu and T. Hubing
Methods for Reducing Emissions from Switching Power Circuits A. McDowell, C. Zhu and T. Hubing 1 Objective To reduce radiated emissions and other forms of interference from power inverter circuits, by
More informationReconstruction of Current Distribution and Termination Impedances of PCB-Traces by Magnetic Near-Field Data and Transmission-Line Theory
Reconstruction of Current Distribution and Termination Impedances of PCB-Traces by Magnetic Near-Field Data and Transmission-Line Theory Robert Nowak, Stephan Frei TU Dortmund University Dortmund, Germany
More informationER55 EMI TEST RECEIVER Family of automatic test receivers for measurement of electromagnetic interference from 9kHz to 1GHz
ER55 EMI TEST RECEIVER Family of automatic test receivers for measurement of electromagnetic interference from 9kHz to 1GHz Compact designed and manufactured in compliance with CISPR 16-1, For Measurements
More informationComparison of IC Conducted Emission Measurement Methods
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, VOL. 52, NO. 3, JUNE 2003 839 Comparison of IC Conducted Emission Measurement Methods Franco Fiori, Member, IEEE, and Francesco Musolino, Member, IEEE
More informationCommon Impedance Shield Coupling
Common Impedance Shield Coupling When a coaxial cable is used at low frequencies and the shield is grounded at both ends, V R I IN S S The shield serves two functions: 1. the return conductor for the signal;
More informationControl Strategies and Inverter Topologies for Stabilization of DC Grids in Embedded Systems
Control Strategies and Inverter Topologies for Stabilization of DC Grids in Embedded Systems Nicolas Patin, The Dung Nguyen, Guy Friedrich June 1, 9 Keywords PWM strategies, Converter topologies, Embedded
More informationAn explanation for the magic low frequency magnetic field shielding effectiveness of thin conductive foil with a relative permeability of 1
An explanation for the magic low frequency magnetic field shielding effectiveness of thin conductive foil with a relative permeability of 1 D.A. Weston K McDougall (magicse.r&d.doc) 31-7-2006 The data
More informationSignal and Noise Measurement Techniques Using Magnetic Field Probes
Signal and Noise Measurement Techniques Using Magnetic Field Probes Abstract: Magnetic loops have long been used by EMC personnel to sniff out sources of emissions in circuits and equipment. Additional
More informationBIODEX MULTI- JOINT SYSTEM
BIODEX MULTI- JOINT SYSTEM CONFORMANCE TO STANDARDS 850-000, 840-000, 852-000 FN: 18-139 5/18 Contact information Manufactured by: Biodex Medical Systems, Inc. 20 Ramsey Road, Shirley, New York, 11967-4704
More informationS.E. =20log e. t P. t P
The effects of gaps introduced into a continuous EMI gasket When properly designed, a surface-mount EMI gasket can provide essentially the same shielding performance as continuous gasketing. THOMAS CLUPPER
More informationSITE-TO-SITE REPRODUCIBILITY IN CONDUCTED IMMUNITY TESTS ON PC-BASED DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS
SITE-TO-SITE REPRODUCIBILITY IN CONDUCTED IMMUNITY TESTS ON PC-BASED DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS G.Betta 1, D.Capriglione 1, C.Spataro 2, G.Tinè 3 1 DAEIMI University of Cassino, Via G.Di Biasio 43, 03043
More informationTechniques to reduce electromagnetic noise produced by wired electronic devices
Rok / Year: Svazek / Volume: Číslo / Number: Jazyk / Language 2016 18 5 EN Techniques to reduce electromagnetic noise produced by wired electronic devices - Tomáš Chvátal xchvat02@stud.feec.vutbr.cz Faculty
More informationElectromagnetic and Radio Frequency Interference (EMI/RFI) Considerations For Nuclear Power Plant Upgrades
Electromagnetic and Radio Frequency Interference (EMI/RFI) Considerations For Nuclear Power Plant Upgrades November 9, 2016 Presented to: Presented by: Chad Kiger EMC Engineering Manager ckiger@ams-corp.com
More informationPotential Impacts of khz Harmonic Emissions on Smart Grid Communications in the United States
Potential Impacts of 9-150 khz Harmonic Emissions on Smart Grid Communications in the United States Maria Arechavaleta, S. Mark Halpin, Adam Birchfield, Wendy Pittman, W. Eric Griffin, Michael Mitchell
More informationELEC 0017: ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LABORATORY SESSIONS
Academic Year 2015-2016 ELEC 0017: ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LABORATORY SESSIONS V. BEAUVOIS P. BEERTEN C. GEUZAINE 1 CONTENTS: EMC laboratory session 1: EMC tests of a commercial Christmas LED light
More informationSources of transient electromagnetic disturbance in medium voltage switchgear
Sources of transient electromagnetic disturbance in medium voltage switchgear Dennis Burger, Stefan Tenbohlen, Wolfgang Köhler University of Stuttgart Stuttgart, Germany dennis.burger@ieh.uni-stuttgart.de
More informationEMC standards. Presented by: Karim Loukil & Kaïs Siala
Training Course on Conformity and Interoperability on Type Approval testing for Mobile Terminals, Homologation Procedures and Market Surveillance, Tunis-Tunisia, from 20 to 24 April 2015 EMC standards
More informationAbout Measurement Uncertainty of Conducted Emissions Generated by a Variable Speed Drive
About Measurement Uncertainty of Conducted Emissions Generated by a Variable Speed Drive Daniele Gallo 1, Carmine Landi, 1 Nicola Pasquino, 2 Vincenzo Ruotolo, 2 1 Dept. of Information Engineering, Second
More informationCompliance with CE Marking, UL Standard and CSA Standard
INVERTER INSTRUCTION MANUAL Compliance with CE Marking, UL Standard and CSA Standard VF-nC1 Single-phase 100V VF-nC1 Single-phase 200V VF-nC1 Three-phase 200V NOTICE 1. Make sure that this Instruction
More informationCommon myths, fallacies and misconceptions in Electromagnetic Compatibility and their correction.
Common myths, fallacies and misconceptions in Electromagnetic Compatibility and their correction. D. A. Weston EMC Consulting Inc 15-3-2013 1) First topic an introduction These are some of the commonly
More informationInternal Model of X2Y Chip Technology
Internal Model of X2Y Chip Technology Summary At high frequencies, traditional discrete components are significantly limited in performance by their parasitics, which are inherent in the design. For example,
More informationVerifying Simulation Results with Measurements. Scott Piper General Motors
Verifying Simulation Results with Measurements Scott Piper General Motors EM Simulation Software Can be easy to justify the purchase of software packages even costing tens of thousands of dollars Upper
More informationNEAR FIELD MEASURING MEASURING SET-UP. LANGER E M V - T e c h n i k
MEASURING SET-UP NEAR FIELD MEASURING The measurement of near fields to 6 GHz directly on electronic modules aids in the reduction of disturbance emission. Near field probes measurement setup-0513pe 2
More informationCHAMBER EXIT FILTERS FOR EMC TESTING
CHAMBER EXIT FILTERS FOR EMC TESTING R C Marshall Richard Marshall Limited, UK ABSTRACT Previous methods of taking cables through the walls of EMC test chambers have used filters designed for other purposes.
More informationEMI -- T E S T R E P O R T
Registration No. DAT-P-207/05 EMI -- T E S T R E P O R T - FCC Part 15B - Test Report No. : T32619-00-04HU 24. July 2008 Date of issue Type / Model Name : R-PO7470 Product Description : Handheld Reader
More informationFlexibility of Contactless Power Transfer using Magnetic Resonance
Flexibility of Contactless Power Transfer using Magnetic Resonance Coupling to Air Gap and Misalignment for EV Takehiro Imura, Toshiyuki Uchida and Yoichi Hori Department of Electrical Engineering, the
More informationExperimental Investigation of High-Speed Digital Circuit s Return Current on Electromagnetic Emission
Proceedings of MUCEET2009 Malaysian Technical Universities Conference on Engineering and Technology June 20-22, 2009, MS Garden,Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia MUCEET2009 Experimental Investigation of High-Speed
More informationA MODEL FOR SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION
6 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMECHANICAL AND POWER SYSTEMS October 4-6, 2007 - Chiinu, Rep.Moldova A MODEL FOR SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION Petre OGRUTAN, Lia Elena ACIU, Dan BIDIAN Transilvania
More informationA review of shielding performance By Albert R. Martin
A review of shielding performance By Albert R. Martin INTRODUCTION What determines how effective a cable shield is going to be? And how does the decision to ground or not ground a shield impact its effectiveness?
More information3 GHz Wide Frequency Model of Surface Mount Technology (SMT) Ferrite Bead for Power/Ground and I/O Line Noise Simulation of High-speed PCB
3 GHz Wide Frequency Model of Surface Mount Technology (SMT) Ferrite Bead for Power/Ground and I/O Line Noise Simulation of High-speed PCB Tae Hong Kim, Hyungsoo Kim, Jun So Pak, and Joungho Kim Terahertz
More informationScreening Attenuation When enough is enough
Screening Attenuation When enough is enough Anders Møller-Larsen, Ph.D. M.Sc. E.E. Product Manager, Coax Network Introduction This white paper describes the requirements to screening attenuation of cables
More informationGKT-008 EMI Near Field Probe
GKT-008 EMI Near Field Probe USER MANUAL GW INSTEK PART NO. 82KT-00800EA1 ISO-9001 CERTIFIED MANUFACTURER This manual contains proprietary information, which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved.
More informationBulk Current Injection Probe Test Procedure
Bulk Current Injection Probe Test Procedure 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 GENERAL INFORMATION 4 TEST METHODS 6 SAFETY 8 FIGURES 9 FORMULAS 12 MAINTENANCE 13 WARRANTY 14 2 INTRODUCTION CURRENT PROBE
More informationProgress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 119, , 2011
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 119, 253 263, 2011 A VALIDATION OF CONVENTIONAL PROTECTION DEVICES IN PROTECTING EMP THREATS S. M. Han 1, *, C. S. Huh 1, and J. S. Choi 2 1 INHA University,
More informationUse and abuse of screened cables
December 2016 Use and abuse of screened cables Tim Williams Elmac Services 1 of 21 Outline How does a screened cable work? electric fields, magnetic fields, low versus high frequency Types of screen Transfer
More informationMeasuring the EMC on RF-connectors and connecting hardware. Tube in tube test procedure
Measuring the EMC on RF-connectors and connecting hardware. Tube in test procedure Mr Bernhard Mund bedea Berkenhoff & Drebes GmbH Herbornerstraße 1, D-35614 Asslar, Germany Telephone: +49 64 41 81-133/-132,
More informationCONTROL OF TRACTION DRIVE WITH PMSM FROM VIEWPOINT OF EMI
24 University of Pardubice, Jan Perner Transport Faculty CONTROL OF TRACTION DRIVE WITH PMSM FROM VIEWPOINT OF EMI Radovan Doleček 1, Ondřej Černý 2 The paper deals with the EMI problems of the individual
More informationElectromagnetic Compatibility
Electromagnetic Compatibility Introduction to EMC International Standards Measurement Setups Emissions Applications for Switch-Mode Power Supplies Filters 1 What is EMC? A system is electromagnetic compatible
More informationSystem Cabling Errors and DC Voltage Measurement Errors in Digital Multimeters
Digital Multimeter Measurement Errors Series System Cabling Errors and DC Voltage Measurement Errors in Digital Multimeters Application Note AN 1389-1 Introduction When making measurements with a digital
More informationThe Survey of Electromagnetic Environment near RF Transmitters
The Survey of Electromagnetic Environment near RF Transmitters Valeriu David 1, Alexandru Salceanu, Mihai Cretu 3, Eduard Lunca 4 1 "Gh. Asachi" Technical University, Iasi, Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
More information6 Electromagnetic Field Distribution Measurements using an Optically Scanning Probe System
6 Electromagnetic Field Distribution Measurements using an Optically Scanning Probe System TAKAHASHI Masanori, OTA Hiroyasu, and ARAI Ken Ichi An optically scanning electromagnetic field probe system consisting
More informationAutomotive EMC. IEEE EMC Society Melbourne Chapter October 13, 2010 By Mark Steffka IEEE EMCS Distinguished Lecturer
Automotive EMC IEEE EMC Society Melbourne Chapter October 13, 2010 By Mark Steffka IEEE EMCS Distinguished Lecturer Email: msteffka@ieee.org IEEE 1 Automotive Systems Past and Present Today s vehicles
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 120 (2015 ) EUROSENSORS 2015
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 120 (2015 ) 511 515 EUROSENSORS 2015 Inductive micro-tunnel for an efficient power transfer T. Volk*, S. Stöcklin, C. Bentler,
More informationKeywords: ISM, RF, transmitter, short-range, RFIC, switching power amplifier, ETSI
Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Application Notes > Wireless and RF > APP 4929 Keywords: ISM, RF, transmitter, short-range, RFIC, switching power amplifier, ETSI APPLICATION NOTE 4929 Adapting
More informationA LECCS model parameter optimization algorithm for EMC designs of IC/LSI systems
Engineering Electrical Engineering fields Okayama University Year 26 A LECCS model parameter optimization algorithm for EMC designs of IC/LSI systems Nobuo Funabiki Yohei Nomura Jun Kawashima Okayama University
More informationSystematic Power Line EMI Filter Design for SMPS
Systematic Power Line EMI Filter Design for SMPS uttipon Tarateeraseth ollege of Data Storage Innovation King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok Thailand ktvuttip@kmitl.ac.th Kye Yak
More informationAN IMPROVED MODEL FOR ESTIMATING RADIATED EMISSIONS FROM A PCB WITH ATTACHED CABLE
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 33, 17 29, 2013 AN IMPROVED MODEL FOR ESTIMATING RADIATED EMISSIONS FROM A PCB WITH ATTACHED CABLE Jia-Haw Goh, Boon-Kuan Chung *, Eng-Hock Lim, and Sheng-Chyan
More informationSaturation of Active Loop Antennas
Saturation of Active Loop Antennas Alexander Kriz EMC and Optics Seibersdorf Laboratories 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria Abstract The EMC community is working towards shorter test distances for radiated emission
More informationOverview of EMC Regulations and Testing. Prof. Tzong-Lin Wu Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University
Overview of EMC Regulations and Testing Prof. Tzong-Lin Wu Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University What is EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility ( 電磁相容 ) EMC EMI (Interference) Conducted
More information