DOCSIS 3.1 Technischer Überblick
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1 DOCSIS 3.1 Technischer Überblick DOCSIS = Data over Cable Service Interface Specification Vortrag anlässlich der Cable Days 2017, Salzburg, November 2017 Walter Fischer Rohde&Schwarz Trainingszentrum München IP RF Cable modem Phone
2 Referent Dipl. Ing. (FH) Walter Fischer Rohde&Schwarz DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 2
3 Agenda DOCSIS Intro and Principle Single Carrier Modulation Principle Time Domain and Spectrum Domain QAM and SNR Requirement OFDM in CATV DOCSIS 3.1 Physical Layer Parameters DOCSIS 3.1 Demo Transmission DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 3
4 DOCSIS Intro and Principle DOCSIS Intro and Principle Single Carrier Modulation Principle Time Domain and Spectrum Domain QAM and SNR Requirement OFDM in CATV DOCSIS 3.1 Physical Layer Parameters DOCSIS 3.1 Demo Transmission DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 4
5 Broadband Internet & Telephone via CATV Return channel IP CMTS Cable modem termination system RF RF Coax/HFC Downstream Upstream DOCSIS IP RF Cable modem Phone DOCSIS Data-over-Cable Service Interface Specification DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 5
6 DOCSIS Data over Cable Service Interface Specification DOCSIS Cable Labs, ITU-T spec. ITU-T J.112 DOCSIS QoS capabilities DOCSIS enhanced upstream speeds ITU-T J.122 DOCSIS increase of both up and downstream speed, IPv6 ITU-T J.222 DOCSIS Gbit/s downstream, 1Gbit/s upstream, OFDM, 4096QAM DOCSIS standard = bidirectional transmission of high-speed data over broadband cable networks using hybrid fiber-coaxial infrastructure all DOCSIS standards are backward compatible DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 6
7 DOCSIS Physical Layer DOCSIS : Downstream = ITU-T J83B [US] Single Carrier 64QAM/256QAM or ITU-T J83A (DVB-C) [EURO-DOCSIS] Single Carrier 64QAM/256QAM Upstream = Single Carrier, QPSK... 64QAM, TDMA, CDMA DOCSIS 3.1: Downstream = OFDM, 4096 (4K) QAM and higher (16K QAM) 4K/8K OFDM, 50/25 khz carrier distance Upstream = OFDM, minislots in time and frequency domain up to 4096 (4K) QAM, 2K/4K OFDM, 50/25 khz carrier distance DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 7
8 DOCSIS Downstream Data Rates Standard DOCSIS, J83B, 64QAM, 6 MHz DOCSIS, J83B, 256QAM, 6 MHz EURO-DOCSIS, DVB-C, 64QAM, 8 MHz EURO-DOCSIS, DVB-C, 256QAM, 8 MHz Data rate per down stream channel Mbit/s Mbit/s Mbit/s 51 Mbit/s DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 8
9 Single Carrier Modulation Principle DOCSIS Intro and Principle Single Carrier Modulation Principle Time Domain and Spectrum Domain QAM and SNR Requirement OFDM in CATV DOCSIS 3.1 Physical Layer Parameters DOCSIS 3.1 Demo Transmission DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 9
10 IQ Modulator / Single Carrier Modulation I i(t) data(t) Mapper q(t) + iqmod(t) Q 90 Carrier lo(t) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 10
11 Single Carrier Modulation very short Symbols Example: DVB-C, 6.9 MS/s; Symbol duration = 1/6.9 µs = 144 ns ( DOCSIS3.1 symbol duration 20 or 40 µs OFDM, 1 5µs guard) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 11
12 Constellations QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM
13 DVB-C FEC MPEG-2 Transport Stream Scrambler Reed- Solomon encoder Interleaver DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 13
14 Time Domain and Spectrum Domain DOCSIS Intro and Principle Single Carrier Modulation Principle Time Domain and Spectrum Domain QAM and SNR Requirement OFDM in CATV DOCSIS 3.1 Physical Layer Parameters DOCSIS 3.1 Demo Transmission DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 14
15 Continuous Streams and Bursted Streams Downstream Upstream DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 15
16 Spectral Rolloff Filtering in DVB-C (r=0.15) Δf Δf cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 r=δf/b N Δf 2B N = B S Δf f DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 16
17 Spectrum, CATV Network
18 Level RF Characteristics -12 db -6 db -4-6 db 0 2 db PAL system level DVB-C 64QAM DVB-C 256QAM DVB-C2 1024QAM DVB-C2 4096QAM ATV Frequency DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 18
19 QAM and SNR Requirement DOCSIS Intro and Principle Single Carrier Modulation Principle Time Domain and Spectrum Domain QAM and SNR Requirement OFDM in CATV DOCSIS 3.1 Physical Layer Parameters DOCSIS 3.1 Demo Transmission DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 19
20 Required SNR(QAM Order) SNR4+6dB SNR16+6dB SNR64+6dB SNR256+6dB 4QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM, 4096QAM,...
21 Mainly used Modulation in Cable: 64QAM, 256QAM 64QAM 256QAM SNR64+6dB = SNR DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 21
22 OFDM Basics, OFDM in CATV DOCSIS Intro and Principle Single Carrier Modulation Principle Time Domain and Spectrum Domain QAM and SNR Requirement OFDM in CATV DOCSIS 3.1 Physical Layer Parameters DOCSIS 3.1 Demo Transmission DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 22
23 Interferences in a CATV Network Linear distortions (amplitude response, group delay) Non-linear distortions (... amplifiers...) Intermodulation (multi-channel load and non-linearity) Short echos (micro-reflections) Noise (AWGN) Noise, frequency selective interferer Ingress noise Leakage (in both directions...) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 23
24 Amplitude Response in CATV - Tilt A(f) f DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 24
25 Interferer in CATV (Ingress, DVB-T/T2 Interferer,...) A(f) f DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 25
26 Unused,... Forbidden Frequencies... in CATV ( Notches ) A(f) f DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 26
27 OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex FEC Forward error correction (Channel coding) No crosstalk between subcarriers Δf = 1/Δt Distribution of data to many subcarriers DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 27
28 Mapper... Mapper COFDM Principle X X + Data + Σ COFDM symbol FEC X X DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 28
29 Mapping of OFDM carrier Data stream: carrer no Δf Δf = 1/Δt = carrier spacing Forming of groups of 4 bit at 16QAM mapped carrier vector each carrier is described via a (I,Q) pair in the frequency domain each carrier corresponds to a narrow-band modulated transmission channel at DVB-T: 6817 or 1705 carriers in a distance of approx. 1kHz or 4kHz 6817 or 1705 carrier plus guard band = 2 N carrier = 8192 or 2048 carrier IFFT = Inverse Fast Fourier Transformation OFDM symbol in time domain DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 29
30 IFFT and I/Q Modulator Re(f) I re(t) Im(f) IFFT im(t) Q + ofdm(t) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 30
31 OFDM Symbols with Guard Interval Symbol n Symbol n+1 Guard interval ( DOCSIS3.1 symbol duration 20 or 40 µs, 1 5µs guard) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 31
32 OFDM Symbols with Guard Interval Symbol n Symbol n+1 Guard interval (CP = cyclical prefix) ( DOCSIS3.1 symbol duration 20 or 40 µs, 1 5µs guard) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 32
33 Guard Interval Cyclical Prefix Copy of end of symbol Guard Interval = protection against intersymbol interference in OFDM systems OFDM Symbol DVB-T 2K 8K Δf ~ 4kHz Δf ~ 1kHz Δt~250us Δt~1ms Δt Guard interval = quasi-break = Mechanism against problems in time domain at multipath reception Symbol duration Δt=1/Δf DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 33
34 Intersymbol Interference (ISI) Symbol n Symbol n Δt Symbol n+1 Symbol n+1 Symbol Symbol Path1 n+2 n+3 + Symbol Symbol Path2 n+2 n+3 = Path1+2 Symbol n+4 Symbol n+4 Symbol n+5 Symbol n+5 Intersymbol interference Δt = Echo delay time DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 34
35 (Only) Micro Reflections in CATV Micro-reflections in downstream (DOCSIS 3.1) Time Attenuation 0.5 µs -20 dbc 1.0 µs -25 dbc 1.5µs -30 dbc >2.0 µs -35 dbc >3.0 µs -40 dbc >4.5 µs -45 dbc >5.0 µs -50 dbc Micro-reflections in upstream (DOCSIS 3.1) Time Attenuation 0.5 µs -16 dbc 1.0 µs -22 dbc 1.5µs -29 dbc >2.0 µs -35 dbc >3.0 µs -40 dbc >4.5 µs -42 dbc >5.0 µs -51 dbc DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 35
36 OFDM Spectrum Δf DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 36
37 Orthogonality A(f) Fourier transform sin(x)/x Δt t Δf = 1/Δt Δf f DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 37
38 OFDM Spectrum Carriers Shoulder Shoulder Δf sin(x)/x functions ( DOCSIS3.1 carrier distance 25 or 50 khz) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 38
39 OFDM Spectrum DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 39
40 OFDM Edge Carriers switched off Guard band 2 N carrier, but edge carriers are switched off: guard band to attenuate the shoulders of the OFDM spectrum Channel M-1 Channel M Channel M+1 Shoulders of OFDM spectrum DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 40
41 OFDM-Symbol modulated OFDM carriers in time domain, discrete carriers... OFDM symbol duration Δt ( DOCSIS3.1 symbol duration 20 or 40 µs, 1 5µs guard) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 41
42 OFDM Symbol OFDM carriers, in time domain, overlayed noise-like signal with high crest factor OFDM symbol duration Δt DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 42
43 Guard Interval / CP before and behind of the Symbol DOCSIS 3.1 OFDM Symbol Δt ( DOCSIS3.1 symbol duration 20 or 40 µs OFDM, 1 5µs guard) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 43
44 Guard Interval & Windowing DOCSIS 3.1 OFDM Symbol Δt DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 44
45 Forward Error Correction (FEC) Forward Error Correction FEC DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 45
46 Channel quality (SNR [db]) Transmission Channel Channel Capacity Coax db... HFC db db C B log 2 (1 S N Channel capacity datarate Shannon ); C S/N>>1: 1 B SNR; 3 SNR[ db] 10 log( S N ); Example: B = 1GHz, SNR = 40 db C = 13.3 Gbit/s; Channel bandwidth [Hz] CATV 6, 7, 8 MHz DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 46
47 Channel coding Channel coding BCH (1960) Block codes Data Cyclical group code Hamming (1950) Reed-Solomon (1963) Code using group/field theory of linear algebra in Convolutional codes (1955: Elias, 1967: Andrew Viterbi) LDPC (1963: Gallager) General block code out1 out2 Concatenated codes (1966: David Forney) Block code+ interleaver+ block code Block code+ interleaver+ Convol. code Turbo codes (1993: concat. convol. codes) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 47
48 Block Code k m l Data Code m = k + l Algorithm (linear algebra) Example: DVB Reed-Solomon code: k = 188 byte, l = 16 byte, m = 204 byte DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 48
49 Convolutional Coding EXOR + + out1 in code rate = data rate in / data rate out; Shift registers + EXOR out2 Example: GSM, UMTS, DVB inner coder DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 49
50 data rate out Typical FEC Structure FEC-1 FEC-2 data rate in code rate code rate Data in Baseband scrambler FEC-1 Interleaver FEC-2 Data out... brakes up ones and zeros sequences... adds data overhead to the data stream... distributes information over time adds data overhead to the data stream DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 50
51 data rate out DVB-T FEC Structure FEC-1 FEC-2 squeeze puncturing data rate in 188/204 code rate Data in Baseband scrambler Reed- Solomon 188, 204 Forney interleaver Convol. coder & puncturing Data out... brakes up ones and zeros sequences... adds data overhead to the data stream... distributes information over time adds data overhead to the data stream DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 51
52 data rate out DVB-T2 & DOCSIS3.1 FEC Structure FEC-1 FEC-2 code rate data rate in Data in Baseband scrambler BCH coder LDPC coder Bit interleaver Data out... brakes up ones and zeros sequences... adds data overhead to the data stream BCH=Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem LDPC=Low Density Parity Check Code... adds data overhead to the data stream Low Density Parity Check Coding... distributes information over time DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 52
53 OFDM Subcarriers Δf Channel bandwidth f ( DOCSIS3.1 carrier distance 25 or 50 khz) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 53
54 Orthongonality Orthogonality condition: Δf = 1/Δt ( DOCSIS3.1 symbol duration 20 or 40 µs OFDM, 1 5µs guard) Δf ( DOCSIS3.1 carrier distance 25 or 50 khz) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 54
55 OFDM... Pilots... (Example: DVB-T) TPS= Transmission Parameter Signalling; BPSK modulated; signalling of DVB-T transmission parameters Scattered pilots = sweep signal (channel estimation and correction) Continual Pilots, fixed position in spectrum and in constellation diagram (AFC = Automatic Frequency Control) Rotating constellations in the receiver in case of a frequency deviation; frequency correction (AFC) using continual pilots DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 55
56 Constellations Diagram, showing Pilot Signals Example: DVB-T DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 56
57 Pilot Pattern Frequency (carrier no.) Time 0 i. d 2. d 1 d 3.. Edge pilot d 1 = distance between scattered pilot carrier positions d 2 = distance between scattered pilots in one symbol d 3 = symbols forming one scattered pilot sequence DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 57
58 Bulding OFDM Frames... (1) Modulated OFDM carrier signals in time domain, discrete carriers shown... OFDM symbol duration Δt ( DOCSIS3.1 symbol duration 20 or 40 µs OFDM, 1 5µs guard) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 58
59 Building OFDM Frames... (2) OFDM carriers, in time domain, overlayed noise-like signal with high crest factor OFDM symbol duration Δt DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 59
60 Building OFDM Frames... (3) Symbol n Guard interval cyclical prefix (CP) Symbol n DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 60
61 From a OFDM Symbol to a OFDM Frame (4)... S1 S2... Sn OFDM frame S1... Sn = OFDM symbols incl. guard interval n symbols = 1 frame DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 61
62 From a OFDM symbol to a OFDM Frame... (5) 67 TPS bits, scattered pilots... S1 S2... S68 DVB-T OFDM frame Null symbol TFPR S1 S2... S76 Preamble symbols DAB OFDM frame... P1 P2 S1 S2 Payload symbols Sn DVB-T2 OFDM frame DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 62
63 OFDM in Time and Frequency Domain (6) Frequency Slot n OFDM carriers m OFDM symbols Time DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 63
64 DOCSIS 3.1 Upstream DOCSIS3.1 Upstream DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 64
65 From DVB-C2 to DOCSIS 3.1 DOCSIS Intro and Principle Single Carrier Modulation Principle Time Domain and Spectrum Domain QAM and SNR Requirement OFDM Basics, OFDM in CATV DOCSIS 3.1 Physical Layer Parameters DOCSIS 3.1 Demo Transmission DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 65
66 From DVB-C2... to... DOCSIS 3.1 DVB-C2 based on DVB-T2 narrow-band channel design (6, 8 MHz) with wide-band channel-bonding option Long interleaver design for broadcast applications Narrow OFDM subcarrier distance 1.7/2.2 khz (4K mode in 6, 8 MHz) Only downstream, no upstream defined DOCSIS 3.1 design wideband-band channel design (192 MHz) with narrow band option ( MHz) Optimized for short response time... 1 ms Wide OFDM subcarrier distance 25/50 khz (4K / 8K mode in 192 MHz) Downstream and upstream DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 66
67 DOCSIS 3.1 Downstream, Upstream Return channel IP CMTS Cable modem termination system RF RF Coax/HFC Downstream Upstream DOCSIS IP RF Cable modem Phone DOCSIS Data-over-Cable Service Interface Specification DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 67
68 DOCSIS 3.1 Downstream Parameter DOCSIS 3.1 DOCSIS 3.0 Type of modulation Frequency range up to 16384QAM OFDM 4K and 8 K FFT 108 MHz to 1218 MHz (1794 MHz) single carrier (J.83/B, DVB-C) 45 MHz to 1002 MHz Channel bandwidth up to 192 MHz 6 MHz / 8 MHz QAM constellations up to 4096, 8k, 16k up to 256 Cyclic prefix length µs to 5 µs n/a Pilots scattered and continuous n/a Forward Error Correction BCH-LDPC Reed-Solomon DS capacity (bps) 8 G (10 G) 300 M (1 G) 25 khz / 50 khz carrier spacing 7680 / 3840 carriers in 192 MHz bandwidth DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 68
69 DOCSIS 3.1 Upstream Parameter DOCSIS 3.1 DOCSIS 3.0 Type of modulation OFDM 2K and 4 K FFT single carrier TDMA, S-CDMA Frequency range 5 MHz to 204 MHz 5 MHz to 85 MHz Channel bandwidth up to 96 MHz up to 6.4 MHz QAM constellations up to 4096 QPSK to 64 Cyclic prefix length µs to 6.25 µs n/a Pilots up to 4096QAM complimentary and continuous Forward Error Correction LDPC Reed-Solomon n/a DS capacity (bps) 400 M (1 G to 2.5 G) 100 M (300 M) 25 khz / 50 khz carrier spacing 3840 / 1920 carriers in 96 MHz bandwidth DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 69
70 FM sound broadcast MHz Air traffic control MHz DOCSIS 3.1 Frequency Plan 600 MHz 862 MHz Band I MHz Band II MHz S MHz (Midband) Band III MHz S MHz (Superband) S MHz (Hyperband) Band IV MHz Band V MHz DOCSIS Upstream MHz ATV/DTV Broadcast MHz DOCSIS Downstream MHz Current CATV frequency occupation f/mhz DOCSIS 3.1 frequency plan DOCSIS 3.1 Upstream MHz (42/65/85/117/204 MHz) DOCSIS 3.1 Downstream 258 (108) (1794) MHz f/mhz DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 70
71 FM sound broadcast MHz DOCSIS 3.1 Channel Occupation Current CATV frequency occupation f/mhz DOCSIS 3.1 DOCSIS 3.1 Upstream MHz (42/65/85/117/204 MHz) DOCSIS 3.1 Downstream (1794) MHz f/mhz DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 71
72 DOCSIS 3.1 Upstream Structure Frequency Minislot Minislot Minislot Minislot Minislot Minislot Minislot Minislot Minislot Minislot Minislot Minislot n OFDM carriers m OFDM symbols Time DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 72
73 DOCSIS 3.1 Downstream Spectrum configurable downstream channel spacing from MHz downstream operating frequency range MHz (1218/1794 MHz) 4K/8K mode Carrier # e MHz IFFT bandwidth Channel bandwidth Center carrier carrier # m Signal band width max. 190 MHz 7600 or 3800 active carriers) Carrier # w Channel bandwidth 192 MHz (7680 or 3840 total no. of carriers) 25 khz / 50 khz carrier spacing 7680 / 3840 carriers ( DOCSIS3.1 symbol duration 20 or 40 µs OFDM, 1 5µs guard) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 73
74 DOCSIS 3.1 Upstream Spectrum configurable upstream channel spacing up 96 MHz upstream operating frequency range MHz 2K/4K mode Carrier # e MHz IFFT bandwidth Channel bandwidth Center carrier carrier # m Signal band width max. 95 MHz 3800/1900 active carriers) Carrier # w Channel bandwidth max. 96 MHz (3840 or 1920 total no. of carriers) 25 khz / 50 khz carrier spacing 3840 / 1920 carriers ( DOCSIS3.1 symbol duration 20 or 40 µs OFDM, 1 5µs guard) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 74
75 Single Carrier Spectrum versus OFDM Spectrum Typical single carrier spectrum with roll-off Typical OFDM spectrum DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 75
76 Single Carrier Spectrum versus OFDM Spectrum Typical single carrier spectrum with roll-off Wide-band DOCSIS OFDM channel DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 76
77 Pilots in DOCSIS 3.1 DOCSIS 3.1 spectrum contains data subcarriers, different modulation parameters due to profiles continous pilots (fix position, for AFC) scattered pilots (var. position for measurement purposes) PLC subcarriers exluded carriers that are set to zero guard band guard band DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 77
78 Scattered pilots continous pilots PLC carriers NCP next codeword pointer excluded carriers Pilots in DOCSIS 3.1 t time Symbols preamble f frequency guard band guard band PLC = physical layer link channel DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 78
79 PLC Physical Layer Link Channel FFT size Subcarrier spacing Number of PLC subcarriers per symbol khz khz 16 PLC contains physical layer parameters for the cable modem (CM) PLC constists of preamble and PLC data Modulation of PLC carriers is BPSK for preamble and 16QAM for PLC data DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 79
80 Profiles NCP = Next Codeword Pointer = lowest layer; QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM NCP points to the beginning of the codewords of the profiles in a symbol 16 profiles (QPSK,... 16KQAM) Profile data are interleaved (interleaver depth ) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 80
81 Profiles in DOCSIS CM CM CM CM Headend CMTS different SNR up to 16 profiles using different QAM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 81
82 DOCSIS 3.1 Downstream Spectrum DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 82
83 DOCSIS 3.1 Modulation Parameter Modulation mode downstream min CNR (AWGN) (... 1GHz) min CNR (AWGN) (...1.2GHz) 16QAM 15.0 db 15.0 db 64QAM 21.0 db 21.0 db 128QAM 24.0 db 24.0 db 256QAM 27.0 db 27.0 db 512QAM 30.5 db 30.5 db 1024QAM 34.0 db 34.0 db 2048QAM 37.0 db 37.5 db 4096QAM 41.0 db 41.5 db 8192QAM 16384QAM Modulation mode upstream QPSK 8QAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1024QAM 2048QAM 4096QAM min CNR (AWGN) 11.0 db 14.0 db 17.0 db 20.0 db 23.0 db 26.0 db 29.0 db 32.5 db 35.5 db 39.0 db 43.0 db DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 83
84 DOCSIS 3.1 Constellation Diagram, No Payload, only PLC and Pilots PLC = physical layer link channel DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 84
85 DOCSIS 3.1 Downstream, Pilots, Signalling and 64QAM Payload Profile DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 85
86 DOCSIS 3.1 Downstream, Pilots, Signalling, 64QAM, 256QAM Payload Profile DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 86
87 DOCSIS 3.1, QAM DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 87
88 DOCSIS 3.1 Downstream, QAM DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 88
89 DOCSIS 3.1,... 16KQAM DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 89
90 Guard Interval / CP before and behind of the Symbol OFDM Symbol Δt ( DOCSIS3.1 symbol duration 20 or 40 µs OFDM, 1 5µs guard) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 90
91 Guard Interval & Windowing OFDM Symbol Δt Tukey-rised cosine windowing in DOCSIS 3.1 ( DOCSIS3.1 symbol duration 20 or 40 µs OFDM, 1 5µs guard) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 91
92 DOCSIS 3.1 Cyclic Prefix Downstream CP length downstream 4K / 8K CP length in elementary periodes µs 192 T SD 1.25 µs 256 T SD 2.5 µs 512 T SD 3.75 µs 768 T SD 5 µs 1024 T SD DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 92
93 DOCSIS 3.1 Cyclic Prefix CP length upstream 2K / 4K mode CP length in elementary periodes CP length downstream 4K / 8K CP length in elementary periodes µs 96 T SU 1.25 µs 128 T SU µs 160 T SU µs 192 T SU µs 224 T SU µs 192 T SD 1.25 µs 256 T SD 2.5 µs 512 T SD 3.75 µs 768 T SD 5 µs 1024 T SD 2.5 µs 256 T SU µs 288 T SU µs 320 T SU 3.75 µs 384 T SU 5.0 µs 512 T SU 6.25 µs 640 T SU DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 93
94 DOCSIS 3.1 FEC Forward Error Correction Downstream - FEC in BCH LDPC Interleaver out Upstream - FEC Interleaver depth in LDPC out DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 94
95 FSW DOCSIS 3.1 Analysis DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 95
96 From DVB-C2 to DOCSIS 3.1 DOCSIS Intro and Principle Single Carrier Modulation Principle Time Domain and Spectrum Domain QAM and SNR Requirement OFDM Basics, OFDM in CATV DOCSIS 3.1 Physical Layer Parameters DOCSIS 3.1 Demo Transmission DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 96
97 CLGD Simulating Multichannel CATV Load ATV DVB-C DOCSIS DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 97
98 SFD Single Channel DOCSIS 3.0/3.1/ARB Generator DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 98
99 DOCSIS 3.1 Signal Analysis using R&S FSW R&S FSW-K192 DOCSIS 3.1 Downstream Measurement Application R&S FSW-K193 DOCSIS 3.1 Upstream Measurement Application DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 99
100 R&S DSA DOCSIS Signal Analyzer DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 100
101 CATV Demo Transmission Link Source CATV Headend signal source: SFD CLDG BTC Optical link 3 CATV amplifier plus coax cable simulation Sink CATV enduser equipment analyzer: ETL FSW Demo setup in Teisnach, Germany, June DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 101
102 CATV Demo Transmission Link Optical fibre link Laser Optical node DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 102
103 CATV Demo Transmission Link 3 CATV amplifier plus coax cable simulation DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 103
104 DOCSIS3.1 Signal from CLGD, measured with FSW DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 104
105 CLGD Signal (DVB-C Multi-Channel and DOCSIS3.1) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 105
106 Single DVB-C Signal from SFU DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 106
107 Signal before Optical Link at Network Input DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 107
108 DOCSIS at Network Input MER = 48 db DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 108
109 DOCSIS QAM at the Input of the Cascade (CLGD Output) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 109
110 DOCSIS - 4kQAM at CLGD Output (Begin of Cascade) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 110
111 DOCSIS - 16kQAM at CLGD Output (Begin of Cascade) DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 111
112 Spectrum, after Optical Link DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 112
113 Spectrum after 3rd Amplifier DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 113
114 DOCSIS3.1 after Optical Link MER = 43 db DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 114
115 DVB-C at the End of the Cascade DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 115
116 DOCSIS3.1 at the End of the Cascade MER = 37 db DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 116
117 1024QAM at the End of the Cascade DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 117
118 4096QAM at the End of the Cascade DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 118
119 16384QAM (16kQAM) at the End of the Cascade DOCSIS3.1 - Technischer Überblick 119
120 Vielen Dank! Walter Fischer Rohde&Schwarz Training Center Munich
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