SIREC PU Multipoint Recorder with Mathematics

Transcription

1 SIREC PU Multipoint Recorder with Mathematics Supplement to Instruction Manual Order No. C79000-M7376-C120-01

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3 Contents 0 Introduction General Information Technical Documentation Application Range Principle of Operation Functions F1 to F Functions F7 to F Applications Channel-specific Mathematical Functions General Mathematical Functions Applications and Combinations of Functions F1 to F Operands Mathematical Functions Start/End Conditions, Start Value, Interval and Reset Initialization of Computing Function Exponential Representation Statistics Recording Scales Operation Applications Dialog "Mathematics", Register Card "Equation" Dialog "Mathematics", Register Card "Attribute" Dialog "Chart" Dialog "Scales" Example Recording 3-12 i

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5 Introduction 0 Introduction 0.1 General Information Please observe the general information in the Instruction Manual /1/, Introduction, Sections 0.1 to Technical Documentation In addition to this Instruction Manual which can be used by all target groups the following relevant technical documentation is also available for the recorder: /1/ Instruction Manual "SIREC PU Multipoint Recorder 7ND 3523": Describes the design and mode of operation of the recorder, explains the preparations necessary prior to operation, describes operation, explains the measuring and recording modes and provides information on general care and maintenance. The manual also includes the technical data of the recorder, and describes the scope of delivery, options and accessories. Target group: configuring and maintenance personnel. /2/ Supplement to Instruction Manual, applications: Contains a description of the standard applications and examples of customer-specific adaptation. Target group: configuring personnel. /3/ Leaflet "Parameterization a concise overview": Explains in visual form the basic operation and parameterization as well as the various menus. Target group: configuring and maintenance personnel. /4/ Leaflet "Operation a concise overview": Contains diagrams showing the displays and controls, comprehensible parameterization examples, defined basic statuses of the recorder, and visual displays of important maintenance operations. Target group: plant operators, maintenance personnel. /5/ A5 pamphlet "Installation instructions": Contains the information required for installation of the recorder. Target group: configuring and assembly personnel. /6/ Catalog: "Recorders, flush-mounted instruments in standardized cases": Contains the most important technical data, views of the recorders, brief description and ordering information. Target group: plant management, configuring personnel. SIREC PU Instruction Manual, Supplement "Mathematics" 0-1

6 Introduction 0-2

7 Application 1 Application Range The device version with "Mathematics" supplements the functions of the SIREC PU multipoint recorder by the functions F7 to F12. The mathematics functions are programmed using the SIPROM R - PU parameterization software. SIPROM R - PU provides the user with a selection of applications with defined computing rules including device-specific settings. The user can also implement his own computing rules using SIPROM R - PU. This greatly extends the application range of the recorder for industrial applications. Computing rules The following mathematical operations are available e.g. for the generation of computing rules: fundamental arithmetic operations, square-root, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, absolute values and statistical functions. Channels (#1 - #12), constants (k0 - k9) and two counter inputs (Z1 - Z2) are used as operands. The exponential representation can be used to display numbers with their correct format (e.g. dosing performance, concentration etc.). The possible mathematical operations are listed in Section Applications As standard, SIPROM R - PU contains a number of ready solutions for typical field applications of the recorders. Each application has its own dialog. This contains the matching equation as well as all possible settings for the used variables. Example of a computing rule "Noble gas concentration with logarithmic display" from the application stock: Applications are: N,E.Q.$ I * Q Clear to use since a separate dialog exists for every application Comprehensible since the possible selections in the dialog are limited to the application User-friendly since all variables are already assigned to the recorder functions and all settings are correctly displayed in other screen forms including "Mathematics" when leaving the application form Practice-oriented since different procedures are taken into account and all associated constants are assigned correct default values when selected. SIREC PU Instruction Manual, Supplement "Mathematics" 1-1

8 Application If the user wishes to implement his own computing rules using SIPROM R - PU, the recorder parameters are set using channel-specific or general mathematical operations. Channel-specific mathematical operations A channel-specific mathematical operation always refers to one of the channels #1... #6. The computing rule to be defined is first generated generally and independent of the channel (#0 is the dummy value) using the equation editor, and then assigned in a second step to the desired analog channel. Linking to several channels is impossible. The result is output on the respective channel. Channel-specific mathematical operations can be used e.g. to implement linearization functions. Example of a channel-specific computing rule: Computing rule: F8 = #0-2 Assignment: #3 = F8 (in words: "Measured value (without consideration of dimension) of channel #3 minus a value of two"). The function F8 is assigned to channel #3. General mathematical operations A general mathematical operation is used in particular for further processing of results using a computing rule which has to be defined by the user as a function F7... F12 using an equation editor. In a second step, the function must be assigned to a vacant digital channel #7... #12. The selected channel is then the computing or output channel. Cascading of several computing channels is possible. Example of a general computing rule: Computing rule: F7 = k0*(#1+ #6) Assignment: #8 = F7 (in words: "Constant k0 multiplied by the sum of channel #1 and channel #6"). The function F7 is assigned to channel #8. The general mathematical operations can be used to combine measured values from analog channels, own computing channels, other computing channels, counter inputs and constants with one another into complex mathematical functions. 1-2

9 Principle of operation 2 Principle of Operation The mathematical functions F1 to F12 can be divided into two groups with respect to their possible applications: F1 to F6 are used to generate linearization functions based on pairs of values to be entered F7 to F12 are used to generate channel-specific or general mathematical operations. Depending on the recorder setting, the used function has an effect on the numeric output (numbers in display and trace) and the graphic output (analog bar in display and trace on chart paper). 2.1 Functions F1 to F6 Linearization function In the recorder version without mathematics, application of a linearization function is already possible as defined using a table of values (see Instruction Manual, Section 4.8.6). \ (x 2/y 2) 1XPHULF ÃÃÃP$ O D L Q P U H W Ã W X S Q, [ Output signal (x 1/y 1) Input signal [ \ RXWSXW *UDSKLF RXWSXW 'LVSOD\ RU UHFRUGLQJ XQLW 703e-m001c Fig. 2-1 Assignment of measured values using a function derived from a table of values A complete programming example (with remote control) can be found in the Instruction Manual at the end of Section 4. The input of pairs of values using SIPROM R - PU and the assignment of the functions are shown in Fig. 2-2 and Fig SIREC PU Instruction Manual, Supplement "Mathematics" 2-1

10 Principle of operation Fig. 2-2 Dialog "Function", input of pairs of values This selection is only made available if functions have actually been defined. Selection as to whether the selected function is to be applied to the graphic output. o: Apply, i.e. y - linear â: Do not apply, i.e. x - linear Fig. 2-3 Assignment between channel and function Note A function (F1 to F6) must first be defined using at least two pairs of values. If the definition for the function is missing, it does not appear for selection in the list "Measuring range"! 2-2

11 Principle of operation 2.2 Functions F7 to F12 The recorder version with mathematics is assigned to the functions F7 to F12. It comprises: Applications (stock of equations) Channel-specific or general mathematical functions The mathematical functions include the following: Equation editor Permissible operands and selected operations Start/end conditions, start value, interval Representation of measured-value display Recording Statistics Scale Summary Questions Which functions are assigned to the mathematics option? What can the mathematics operation achieve? To which channels can the mathematical functions be assigned? Answers F7 to F12. Application of existing and user-generated computing rules on measured values (Section 2.2.6). #1 to #6 as channel-specific mathematical function in order to adapt the electrical input variable and the output (display, recording). This application is also possible with functions F1 to F6 using a table of values. Where are the results of the channel-specific mathematical functions output? Where are the results of the general mathematical functions output? #7 to #12 as general mathematical function in order to link the results from one or several channels together using a computing rule. Channels #1 to #6. The results can also be processed further in computing channels (digital channels to which a general computing rule has been assigned). Channels #7 to #12. SIREC PU Instruction Manual, Supplement "Mathematics" 2-3

12 Principle of operation General information The usual conventions apply when processing mathematical operations, e.g. multiplication and division before addition and subtraction. The user must ensure that physically meaningful operations are generated. Illegal mathematical operations, such as e.g. - Division by zero - Square-root of a negative number - Logarithm of a negative number - General exponents of a negative number must be eliminated by the user. Summation/recursion: Since the internal number format is limited to max. 8 digits for technical reasons, the result may include slight inaccuracies. This particularly applies e.g. to a division by values close to zero. Alarm value: With general mathematical functions, the recorder cannot check whether a set alarm value lies within the possible y-range. The general mathematical functions can be used in the digital channels #7 to #12. The following special case applies to these in the event of an error: Error Measured value is NAN 1) 1) Not a number Reaction of recording function Measured-value curve is interrupted. 2-4

13 Principle of operation Applications The available applications comprise a collection of equations which are frequently encountered in practice in industry (nuclear power plants, chemical industry, water industry, waste water treatment, food processing, hospitals and environmental protection). Fig. 2-4 Use of an application "Sterilization (F-value)" The dialogs for the applications show the associated equations, settings for various procedures and variables, and the assignments for the function and channels. A comment field is also provided for notes. The user can apply the defined standard application to his process. Various settings and assignments must be made in the dialog to achieve this. Operation is greatly simplified in that the dialog only contains the parameters relevant to the equation. A user-adapted application can be saved under a freely-selectable name and reloaded for further processing. SIREC PU Instruction Manual, Supplement "Mathematics" 2-5

14 Principle of operation Channel-specific Mathematical Functions Channel-specific mathematical functions are an extension of the previous functions F1 to F6. A computing rule is used instead of the table of values. The input signal is always the electrical signal of the associated channel #1 to #6. Linking of different channels is not possible. A channel-specific function F7 to F12 is assigned in the setting for the measuring range for channels #1 to #6. However, a requirement is that the function has previously been defined as a channel-specific function (Fig. 2-6). General mathematical functions are not available in the selection list! Assignment of a channel-specific mathematical function, e.g. F7, to e.g. channel #1 is only possible in this dialog if the former has already been defined. Marking "x-linear" for recording linear to the input signal. With an x-linear representation: left/right values and alarms must be converted back into electrical values by the user because an inverse function does not always exist or is not unambiguous. Fig. 2-5 Assignment of channel-specific mathematical function 2-6

15 Principle of operation Example: The sensor connected to channel #1 delivers an output signal of 0 to 20 ma with a measuring range of 3.7 to 5000 Kbq/m 3 according to the equation i = * log 10 (x / 3.7). The output signal is to be recorded linear to the output current of the sensor. F7 in mathematical notation: F7 contains the computing rule "k0 * Pow (10, #0 / k1)" where k0 = 3.7 and k1 = The setting is made in the dialog "Mathematics" (Fig. 2-6). The assignment between channel #1 and function F7 is subsequently carried out in the dialog "Channel parameters", register card "Channel (analog)" (Fig. 2-5). Measured values from channel #1 are now mapped on channel #1 according to the computing rule F7. If the x-linear option is marked (Fig. 2-5), the computing rule is only applied to the numeric values (display and chart paper). Input of a channelspecific mathematical function using the equation editor The equation editor is used to enter the computing rules with the correct format, to define constants and to specify channel-specific functions. The entered computing rule is interpreted by the software and checked for correct syntax. Fig. 2-6 Generation of a channel-specific mathematical function using the equation editor SIREC PU Instruction Manual, Supplement "Mathematics" 2-7

16 Principle of operation General Mathematical Functions General mathematical functions can only be assigned to the channels #7 to #12. The output on the display and the recording are then linear to the calculated result. The dialog for setting the digital channels takes into the function assignment and a measuring range extended by the complete span of floating-point numbers. Assignment of a general mathematical function F8, to e.g. channel #7 is only possible here if the former has already been defined. The measuring range is extended and includes the complete span of floating-point numbers. Left/right values must be set to meaningful numbers. Fig. 2-7 Assignment of general mathematical functions Example: The measured values from channels #1 and #2 are to be added together, and the result multiplied by The result is to be output in channel #7. F8 contains the computing rule "k0 * (#1 + #2)" where k0 = The setting is made in the dialog "Mathematics" (Fig. 2-8). The assignment between channel #8 and function F8 is subsequently carried out in the dialog "Channel parameters", register card "Channel (digital)". The measured values from channels #1 and #2 are now mapped on channel #7 according to the computing rule F8. 2-8

17 Principle of operation Input of a general mathematical function using the equation editor The equation editor is used to enter the computing rules with the correct format, to define constants and to specify channel-specific functions. The entered computing rule is interpreted by the software and checked for correct syntax. The computing rule for a function is generated by entering characters on the keyboard or using the selectable equation elements, and assigned to F7... F12. Fig. 2-8 Generation of a general mathematical function using the equation editor Detailed operation is explained in Section 3. SIREC PU Instruction Manual, Supplement "Mathematics" 2-9

18 Principle of operation Applications and Combinations of Functions F1 to F12 The following Figs. (Fig to Fig. 2-14) show examples of possible applications and combinations of functions F1 to F12. Functions F1 to F6 1st application: conversion for transmitter, adaptation of electrical input variable (measured value e.g. in ma) to numeric output (measured value e.g. in mbar). \ (x 2/y 2) 1XPHULF ÃÃÃP$ O D L Q P U H W Ã W X S Q, [ Output signal (x 1/y 1) Input signal [ \ RXWSXW *UDSKLF RXWSXW 'LVSOD\ RU UHFRUGLQJ XQLW 703e-m001c Fig. 2-9 Application for F1 to F6: linear adaptation between input/output 2nd application: generation of a linearization function for a thermocouple unknown to the device on the basis of a table of values to be entered with n turning points (x/y). ÃÃÃP9 O D L Q P U H W W Ã X S Q, [ Output signal (x 1/y 1) \ (x 2/y 2) Input signal (x n/y n) [ \ 1XPHULF RXWSXW *UDSKLF RXWSXW 'LVSOD\ RU UHFRUGLQJ XQLW 703e-m001b Fig Application for F1 to F6: linearization function with 4 turning points 2-10

19 Principle of operation Functions F7 to F12 Channel-specific application with any computing rule for adaptations with x-linear. ÃÃÃP$ O D L Q P U H W W Ã X S, Q [ Output signal y = f(x) \ Input signal [ \ 1XPHULF RXWSXW *UDSKLF RXWSXW 'LVSOD\ RU UHFRUGLQJ XQLW 703e-m001d Fig Case 1: channel-specific mathematical application for F7 to F12, x-linear Channel-specific application with any computing rule for adaptations with y-linear. ÃÃÃP$ O D L Q P U H W W Ã X S Q, [ Output signal y = f(x) \ Input signal [ \ 1XPHULF RXWSXW *UDSKLF RXWSXW 'LVSOD\ RU UHFRUGLQJ XQLW 703e-m001g Fig Case 2: channel-specific mathematical application for F7 to F12, y-linear Notes on Fig and Fig. 2-13: The numeric outputs on the display and recording are the same in both cases. In case 1, the signal ma is recorded directly. In case 2, the signal converted by the computing rule is recorded. SIREC PU Instruction Manual, Supplement "Mathematics" 2-11

20 Principle of operation General mathematical application with incorporation of several operands (channels) in a computing rule. N Æ ]Ã%Ã) ÃNÆÆÃRU RWKHU FRPSXWLQJÃUXOH 1XPHULF RXWSXWÃWRÃD GLJLWDO FKDQQHO 'LVSOD\ RU UHFRUGLQJ )ÃÃ) XQLW ÃÃÃP$ Æ 1XPHULF RXWSXW Æ *UDSKLF 2XWSXW Æ 'LVSOD\ RU UHFRUGLQJ XQLW 703e-m001e Fig General mathematical application for F7 to F12 Example of a general mathematical application with incorporation of several operands (channels) in a computing rule and cascading. N Æ ]Ã%Ã) ÃNÆÆNÃRU RWKHU FRPSXWLQJÃUXOH ]Ã%ÃÆ 1XPHULF RXWSXWÃWRÃD GLJLWDO FKDQQHO 'LVSOD\ RU UHFRUGLQJ XQLW )ÃÃ) 'LVSOD\ N Æ ]Ã%Ã) ÃNÆÆÃRU RWKHU FRPSXWLQJÃUXOH ]Ã%ÃÆ 1XPHULF RXWSXWÃWRÃD GLJLWDO FKDQQHO RU UHFRUGLQJ XQLW )ÃÃ) ÃÃÃP$ Æ 1XPHULF RXWSXW Æ *UDSKLF 2XWSXW Æ 'LVSOD\ RU UHFRUGLQJ XQLW 703e-m001f Fig General mathematical application for F7 to F12, cascading 2-12

21 Principle of operation Operands The following table shows the permissible notations for constants, analog and digital channels, counter inputs and preceding values (x n-1 ). Table 2-1 Operands Notation Meaning Explanations k0, k1,..., k9 Freelyselectable constants 1E-3, 1E +3, 1E+6, 1E-6 e, π, ±1... ±10 Predefined constants #1... #6 Analog channels Values must be assigned to these constants. Possible range: ±1.2E-38 to ±3.0E+38. Examples Analog channel number #0 Pseudo-channel Dummy value for analog channel with channel-specific functions #7... #12 Digital channels Digital channel number Z1, Z2 Digital Preceding value for recursion and summation Digital counter channel number DI1 = Z1, DI2 = Z2 (only present in recorders with digital input/output option for the application "General mathematical functions" (see Section 2.2.3)). Digital channel number Note The dummy value for the pseudo-channel #0 cannot be combined in the computing rule with the channel operands #1 to and Z1 or Z2. Time constant If the magnitude of a constant (k0 to k9) depends on the measuring cycle, this must be marked as a time constant in the dialog "Mathematics". Time constants always refer to a measuring cycle of 1 s and are converted in the recorder according to the actual measuring cycle. Used numerical value With a channel operand, the numerical value which appears in the display is always used even if it has a multiplier in the dimension (µ, m, c, K, M). For example, if the value mv is present in the display for an analog channel, the number is used for the calculation. If the number E-3 is to be used for the calculation, the value must be multiplied by the constant 1E-3. SIREC PU Instruction Manual, Supplement "Mathematics" 2-13

22 Principle of operation Digital counter channels The digital counter channels Z1 and Z2 always deliver the number of pulses which have occurred in one cycle. Example: F7: Z1 Range #7: F7 #7 records only the pulses per cycle Application: A sensor delivers a frequency of 100 Hz at 1 m 3 /s. It is to record the flow in m 3 /s. The settings must then be made as follows: F7: Z1/k1 k1: 100 Time constant Range #7: F7 #7 records the m 3 /s When counting quantities, the pulses per cycle have to be added together. This is then a recursive function. The settings must then be made as follows: + Z1 Range #7: F7 #7 records the total of received pulses 2-14

23 Principle of operation Mathematical Functions The following table contains a summary of the mathematical functions which can be selected in the equation editor, together with their notations. Table 2-2 Permissible mathematical functions Equation element Notation Example of equation SIREC PU notation Addition + (#1+#2) x + y Subtraction - #2-#1 x - y Multiplication * k1*#6 x * y Division / #4/k2 x / y Square-root Sqrt(x) Sqrt(#1) x Exponent Pow(x,y) Pow(10,#7) x y Exp(x) Mathematical notation Explanations PowerInt Pwi(x,n) Pwi(#3,2) x n n = , Polynomial P(x,A,B,C,...,F) P(#2, k1, k2, k3,..., k6) A+B*x+C*x F*x 5 Constant (k0... k9) 1) Napierian logarithm Common logarithm Ln(x) Ln(#7) ln x Log(x) Log(#7) log 10 x Absolute value Abs(x) Abs(#2) x Minimum Min(x) Min(#3) #1... #12, Z1, Z2 2) Maximum Max(x) Max(#4) #1... #12, Z1, Z2 3) Mean value Avg(x) Avg(#4) #1... #12, Z1, Z2 4) * Z1 x n = x 5) Reciprocal R(x) R(#1) 1/x Negation -x -#2 -x Parentheses (expression) (#1+2)*(#2+3) (x + 2) * (y + 3) Remark on "Polynomial" 1) Abbreviated notations can be used for polynomials if they are incomplete (coefficient = 0) or if the coefficients are present in ascending order: Examples of full notation: P(#1, k0, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5) k0+k1*x+k2*x 2 +k3*x 3 +k4*x 4 +k5*x 5 P(#1, k9, k4, k1, k8, k2, k7) k9+k4*x+k1*x 2 +k8*x 3 +k2*x 4 +k7*x 5 Examples of abbreviated notation: P(#1, k0, k1, k2) k0+k1*x+k2*x 2 P(#1, k2, k3,,,,k4) k2+k3*x+k4*x 5 P(#1, k3-k6) k3+k4*x+k5*x 2 +k6*x 3 SIREC PU Instruction Manual, Supplement "Mathematics" 2-15

24 Principle of operation Remark on "Minimum" 2) This operation outputs the smallest value of a channel which has occurred since the start of the function or, if an interval has been specified, the smallest value since the beginning of the interval. Only the negation sign is additionally possible within the operation. *) Remark on "Maximum" 3) This operation outputs the largest value of a channel which has occurred since the start of the function or, if an interval has been specified, the largest value since the beginning of the interval. Only the negation sign is additionally possible within the operation. *) Remark on "Mean value" 4) This operation outputs the mean value of a channel which has occurred since the start of the function or, if an interval has been specified, the mean value since the beginning of the interval. This type of recording can be used to observe the trend in the mean value (if the mean value is only calculated at the end of an interval, a straight line is recorded between the two limits of an interval). Only the negation sign is additionally possible within the operation. *) *) Combination with other operations not possible! Example of illegal operation: Min(#1)+1 Remark on "Summation/ recursion" 5) Summations and recursions can be generated using the operand "@Channel number". For is the calculated value of channel 7 in the previous cycle. 2-16

25 Principle of operation Start/End Conditions, Start Value, Interval and Reset The start value, start/end conditions, interval and resetting are set for the functions F7 to F12 in the dialog "Mathematics", register card "Attribute". The selectable conditions for "Start" and "Ende" are identical. The dialog is automatically adapted to the selected condition. Fig Dialog "Attribute" with condition "Time" Start value The start value is the value with which the calculation of a mathematical function is commenced. The start value is displayed if the calculation has not yet been started following pressing of the START key (IR remote control) because the start condition is not fulfilled. Resetting to the start value is carried out: If the start condition is fulfilled again following a stop The defined interval has expired, and "Reset to start value" has been marked. The start value has no significance for Min(), Max() and Avg(). Min() outputs the smallest value from a defined interval duration or in the period between start and end. Max() outputs the largest value from a defined interval duration or in the period between start and end. Avg() calculates the mean value from a defined interval duration or in the period between start and end. In the case of non-recursive functions, the start is only significant if the start condition has never been fulfilled. The start value is only displayed in this case. SIREC PU Instruction Manual, Supplement "Mathematics" 2-17

26 Principle of operation Start condition The start condition defines when the calculation is to be commenced. Resetting to the start value is carried out at the transition from end to start. Even if the start condition is no longer fulfilled following commencement of the calculation, the calculation is continued until the end condition is fulfilled. The end condition has priority if the start and end conditions are fulfilled simultaneously. End condition The end condition defines when the calculation is to be terminated. If the end condition is fulfilled, the last calculated value is retained until the start condition is fulfilled again. The end condition has priority if the start and end conditions are fulfilled simultaneously. If a relative time is set for the start and end conditions, this is a single calculation. The calculation commences following the relative start time, continues for the set end time (minutes), and is then terminated. The calculation can only be restarted using the START key. Time Switching over between the 24-hour clock and 12-hour clock must be taken into consideration. With a relative time value, the delay can only be entered in minutes. Interval If "Interval duration" is marked, a calculation interval is defined with the specified minutes ( ). If the option "Reset to start value" is marked in addition, the calculation is commenced again with the start value at the end of the interval. This possibility is only significant with recursions, summations, minima, maxima and mean values. Whether the value is to be printed out at the end of the interval must be set in the dialog "Chart". Detailed operation is explained in Section Initialization of Computing Function Initialization has the same effect as the START key. All functions which take into account previous values (summations, recursions, intervals) commence again with the start value. Initialization is carried out with the following conditions: Modifications in the current program (PA, PB) Modification to a function used in the current program If the number of measured channels or a measuring range is changed when switching over the program 2-18

27 Principle of operation Exponential Representation The following values can be displayed and printed in the exponential representation: Measured values Left value, right value Alarms Turning points of functions (F1 to F6) Scale inscription In the submenu "Rounding" you can set for each channel whether the measured value is to be represented as a fixed-point or exponential number. Setting of the parameter "Rounding" is carried out in SIPROM R - PU using the dialog "Channel parameters". Setting of the recorder for the parameter "Rounding" can also be carried out using the IR remote control (see /1/ Instruction Manual, Section 4.8.3, [P2.9] Rounding). SIREC PU Instruction Manual, Supplement "Mathematics" 2-19

28 Principle of operation Statistics The statistical operations can be set using SIPROM R - PU. Event, weekly and monthly reports can be set. Parameterization of the reports Fig Dialog "Attribute" with condition "Time" Reports Applicable to all reports: the respective report lists the minimum and maximum with the associated date and time of all channels. Whether an alarm or range has been violated is also displayed. The previously stored values are deleted following the printout. Event report A term T1 to T24 must be specified for the event protocol. This permits a wide range of possible operations, e.g. with time markers. Weekly report The weekly report is output depending on the selected day (Monday to Sunday) and the time. Monthly report The monthly protocol is output depending on the selected day and the time. If the 31st day in the month is set, this always applies as the last day of any month, irrespective of the actual length of the month. The settings for the statistics functions can also be made using the IR remote control unit (see /1/ Instruction Manual, Section 4.8.4, [P3.10] event, [P3.11) weekly and [P3.12] monthly reports). 2-20

29 Principle of operation Recording The following points must be observed for recordings with the device version with "Mathematics": Interval-related measured values An interval marker is written at the end of each interval on the curve for which an interval has been programmed. It consists of an underline character, channel number, measured value, dimension and alarms like a correspondingly parameterized channel marker. The interval marker can be switched off (Fig. 2-16, control box "Interval marking "). Note To prevent overwriting, the interval marker is only written if the chart has been shifted by at least 2.6 mm (height of one line) since the previously written interval marker. The parameter "Interval marking" can also be set using the IR remote control unit (see /1/ Instruction Manual, Section 4.8.4, [P3.9] Interval mark.). Reports The report (see page 3-12, example recording) lists the minimum and maximum of all channels whose measuring condition is fulfilled. Whether a limit or the measured value was violated is displayed. The old values are deleted following the printout. Exponential representation The values for the outputs: Measured value in the channel marker Measured-value table Scales Interval-related measured values Reports can be output in the exponential representation (see page 3-12, example recording). The setting is made using the parameter "Rounding". SIREC PU Instruction Manual, Supplement "Mathematics" 2-21

30 Principle of operation Scales SIPROM R - PU can be used to produce user-specific scales and assign these to the channels. A scale is produced supported by a dialog. All inputs are displayed in the scale preview just like on the finished scale. The user must enter the positions of the desired graduations, where the total scale is divided from 0 to A short or long graduation can be produced. The scale can be additionally labelled with numbers and selected characters. Scale sections which are repeated can be automatically supplemented using a filling function. The scale can be expanded, compressed and shifted. Further inputs on the desired position are required for this in a dialog. The scale can be identified by a number. A name can be added if required. A red arrow between two graduations indicates that an additional graduation must be inserted. The distance between two graduations is limited to 127 (of 1000) for technical reasons. The first graduation can be positioned any distance away from the start of the scale. Fig Dialog "Scales" A scale is assigned to the channel in the dialog "Channel parameters", the output is parameterized in the dialog "Chart". The markers for alarms, channel numbers and dimensions are automatically added to the user scale by the device. 2-22

31 Operation 3 Operation 3.1 Applications You can use the pulldown menu "Application" to select a standard application, adapt it to your process, and store it under any name. If you select "New" you obtain the following selection list with standard applications: Fig. 3-1 Dialog "New application" (list of standard applications) The selection list shows the equation on the left for the application selected in the list. The first line is selected as standard. If you select your required application, the used equation is displayed on the left. Click the button "OK" to display the dialog belonging to the application. The settings for the device parameters are matched to the equation and application. Table 3-1 contains a brief description of the applications. Further information on operation and use can be found in "Supplement to Instruction Manual, Applications", /2/. 3-1

32 Operation Table 3-1 Explanations on available applications Designation Linear conversion for transmitters Noble gas concentration with log. display Sterilization (F-value) Correction computer for flow (linear) Correction computer for flow (linear, P/T compensation) Correction computer for flow (square-root) Correction computer for flow (square-root, P/T compensation) Quantity counter via counter input Integration of an analog channel Mean value of an analog channel Minimum of an analog channel Maximum of an analog channel Explanations Channel-specific application for adaptation of the electrical input value (e.g. current [ma]) on the device and of the required measured value (e.g. pressure [mbar]) on the display or on the chart paper using an assignment function y=mx+b A noble gas measuring channel delivers an output current of 0-20 ma corresponding to the concentration K start (I start = 0 ma) to K end (I end = 20 ma). The concentration is output in logarithmic form on the chart and in alphanumeric form on the display. The recorder carries out the calculation and displays it with the dimension kbq/m 3. Several temperature points are measured within a batch to be sterilized. An F-value is calculated for each temperature. The end of the procedure is determined depending on the F-value. The linear flow of a medium is measured without pressure or temperature compensation. The measured value is multiplied by a constant (correction factor). Required channels: 1. The linear flow of a medium is measured. Pressure and temperature compensation are carried out in addition for gases. Required channels: 3. The square-rooted flow of a medium is measured without pressure or temperature compensation. The measured value is multiplied by a constant (correction factor). Required channels: 1. The square-rooted flow of a medium is measured. Pressure and temperature compensation are carried out in addition for gases. Required channels: 3. The quantities of waste water discharged to a sewage treatment plant are measured. The flowmeter pulses are displayed on the recorder as a flow. Using the statistics functions, it is possible to determine the quantities discharged to the sewage treatment plant per day/week and month. Currents and voltages are measured in a plant; they are present as standardized signals on the recorder. The measured values are added with respect to time, i.e. Ah and Vh, and recorded. Application example: energy requirement measurements. The mean value of a variable is calculated for an adjustable period. The period is controlled either by a binary signal (digital input or term) or by fixed time inputs (interval duration). Application example: emission measurements. Application as for maximum. The maximum value of a variable is calculated for an adjustable period. The period is controlled either by a binary signal (digital input or term) or by fixed time inputs (interval duration). Application examples: level, pressure, temperature monitoring etc. 3-2

33 Operation 3.2 Dialog "Mathematics", Register Card "Equation" If you select the function "Mathematics" in the pulldown menu "Device settings" under "SIPROM R - PU", the following dialog is opened: Fig. 3-2 Dialog "Mathematics" Function The register card "Equation" is used to enter computing rules and to define whether the function is a channel-specific or general mathematical function. Assign the function here using the dropdown list. The extension "Mathematics" provides the functions F7 to F12. o Channel-specific Not channel-specific: definition of function as "General mathematical function", i.e. channel-independent function. This is used for further processing of results from one or more channels. The channel-specific assignment to a digital channel is carried out in the dialog "Channel parameters" by selecting the associated function F7 to F12. You can also combine these functions with F1 to F6. x Channel-specific Channel-specific: definition of function as "Channel-specific mathematical function", i.e. channel-dependent function. This is used for adaptation of the electrical signal to the desired result format in the display and on the chart paper. You can also implement this function with the functions F1 to F6 using pairs of values. In contrast to functions F1 to F6, you enter a computing rule directly here, e.g. "#0-4", as well as the dimension. 3-3

34 Operation The channel-specific assignment to an analog channel is carried out in the dialog "Channel parameters" by selecting the associated functions F7 to F12. Equation You produce the computing rule in the working area "Equation". You can enter characters directly using the keyboard or import and edit equation elements from the list below the working area. Note The notation of the equation elements in the list field must be retained for the input. Equation element, notation The available equation elements and the correct notation are offered in this selection list. Click the desired equation element, and import it at the cursor position in the working area "Equation" using the button "Add equation element". You can also enter characters, e.g. brackets "()", using the keyboard. Table 2-2 on page 2-15 contains explanations on the individual equation elements. Result If you wish to use the "Mathematics" for conversion of the electrical measured value (see introduction), mark the control box "Channel-specific". Note that the notation for the channel number is automatically re-formatted depending on the marking "Channel-specific" (see Table 3-2). Table 3-2 Adaptation of notation Mode Notation for channel number o Channel-specific Channel No. #n n = x Channel-specific Dummy channel #0 Field "Analog channel" x-range Only relevant if the control box "Channel-specific" has been marked. In the dropdown list, select the desired input range (x) which applies to the associated terminal connection. y-range Only relevant if the control box "Channel-specific" has been marked. In the dropdown list, select the desired output range (y) which is to apply to reproduction of the measured values on the display and on the chart paper. 3-4

35 Operation Dimension Only relevant if the control box "Channel-specific" has been marked. Enter the physical dimension for the measured value in alphanumeric characters, e.g. l/s. The dimension is output after the result on the display and on the chart paper. Field "Constant" In this field you can define up to 10 constants k0 to k9 with an associated value and insert them into the computing rules. The constants are present as equation elements in the selection list (Fig. 3-2): Constant kn n = Note Each function has its own stock of constants k0... k9. x Time If the magnitude of a constant depends on the sampling rate, you must mark the control box "Time". Time constants always refer to a measuring cycle of 1 s and are converted in the device depending on the actual cycle. For an example, see "Supplement to Instruction Manual, Applications" /2/. Button "Copy" If you click this button, the produced equation is copied and imported into an intermediate memory in the SIPROM. 3-5

36 Operation 3.3 Dialog "Mathematics", Register Card "Attribute" The following dialog appears when you select the register card "Attribute" in the dialog "Mathematics". This dialog is used to enter a start value and to set the start/end conditions, to set an interval, and to reset the associated function. Fig. 3-3 Dialog "Attribute" Field "Start" Value Condition Field "End" Field "Interval" In the field "Start" you can define a start value and a condition for a function F7 to F12. The value with which the calculation is commenced is entered in the field "Value". You can define a condition here. "OFF" means that the associated function is not used. With "ON", the function is executed without a condition. Conditions can be combined with alarms using the selection "Term". If you select "Start time", you can define an absolute date and time or a relative time where the start refers to an adjustable number of minutes following activation of the START key. In the field "End" you can define an end condition for a function F7 to F12. The condition is adjusted like the start condition. The minutes input becomes active if you mark the option "Interval duration". The period ( minutes) defines the repeat time for output of events which are printed on the curve. Mark the field "Reset to start value" if commencement with the start value is to be carried out again at the end of the interval. 3-6

37 Operation 3.4 Dialog "Chart" If you select the function "Chart" in the pulldown menu "Device settings" in the "SIPROM R - PU" parameterization software, the following dialog is opened: Fig. 3-4 Dialog "Chart" Note Only the relevant settings for the "Mathematics" option are treated here. Field "Event report" Field "Weekly report" Field "Monthly report" x Interval marker You can define the parameters for the report output in the dialog shown above. Mark the option "Term", and select a term T1 to T24 from the dropdown list. Define a day of the week, and specify the time for output of a report. Define a day in the month, and specify the time for output of a report. If you mark this field, an interval marker is written at the end of each interval on the curve for which an interval has been programmed. The marker consists of channel number, measured value, dimension and alarms (see example recording, page 3-12). 3-7

38 Operation 3.5 Dialog "Scales" If you select the function "Scales" in the pulldown menu "Device settings" in the "SIPROM R - PU" parameterization software, the following dialog is opened: Text line Scale line Fig. 3-5 Dialog "Scales" The dialog is used to produce user-defined scales. The position of the graduations must first be determined mathematically. The exact values can also be determined using another program, e.g. Excel, and inserted into the list of graduations via the clipboard (Windows). Scale No. Select one of 12 scales here for processing. On the right of the dropdown list, you can assign a name to the scale. The name facilitates assignment of the scale to the channel in the dialog "Channel parameters". Processing field for scale, scale preview The processing field for the scale contains a coarse numeric graduation at the top with a light-faced inscription. This is only used to assist positioning, and is not part of the scale to be produced. Operation with the mouse Single click with left mouse button in area of text line: the area of the text line becomes an editing field. The text cursor is set to the current mouse position. Single click with left mouse button in area of scale line: the mouse position is converted into a parts per thousand position, rounded off to steps of 10, and displayed in the field "Position" (Fig. 3-5). A graduation is only set when the button "Apply" has been clicked. Double click with left mouse button in area of scale line: the mouse position is converted into a parts per thousand position, rounded off to steps of 10, and displayed in the field "Position" (Fig. 3-5). A graduation is set at the mouse position. The previous setting for the style is also imported. 3-8

39 Operation Graduations The graduations are used to divide the scale. Using the setting "Style" you can define whether a graduation is to be generated as a long or short line. You can enter the exact position of the graduation as a number between 0 and 1000 in the input field. Each position value is imported into the list. If a value from the list is clicked, it appears in the processing field and can then be edited or deleted. The number of graduations is limited to 38. The distance between two graduations must be 127. If the value is > 127, a red arrow ( ) underneath the scale (Fig. 3-6) indicates the violation. Insert a further graduation in the area of the arrow. The arrow is then deleted. Text line Scale line Fig. 3-6 Processing field for scale, scale preview Using the input field "Inscription" you can assign characters for a numeric inscription to each graduation. The following characters are permissible: "0" to "9", ".", "/", "+", "e", "E" or spaces. You can insert a graduation which is displayed in the processing field into the displayed scale using the button "Apply" or remove it using the button "Delete" in the field "Graduation". The currently selected graduation is blue and thicker than the others. The number of graduations is limited to 38. The current status of the occupied and free graduations is displayed in the field "Graduation" (Fig. 3-5). Button "Undo" Click the button "Undo" if you wish to reverse an action. Only the last action is reversed. Table 3-3 Field Scale Scale preview Graduation Actions which can be reversed Input Modification of scale name, delete, insert, expand, fill Graphic input of graduations with double mouse click Editing of text line (following clicking with mouse) Apply, delete Button "Delete" The button "Delete" (in the field "Scale") is used to delete the complete scale. All entries are cancelled. You can reverse this action again using the button "Undo". 3-9

40 Operation Button "Expand" The following dialog appears when you click the button "Expand". The dialog is used to define position values for the scale in order to expand, compress or shift it. The values for "Left position" and "Right position" are target points the graduations at the left and right ends of the scale. The defined positions can also be outside the visible range ( ) in order to zoom a recording range. The input limits are and All graduations which are outside the visible range are not taken into account in the data "Graduations occupied" (see Fig. 3-5, bottom) and are lost. The left position can also be higher than the right position. The scale is reversed in this case. If the control box "Leave text line unchanged" has not been marked, the inscription texts of the graduations are shifted as well. However, this may result in overlapping of texts when compressing, and thus to the deletion of text sections. Fig. 3-7 Dialog "Expand scale" Button "Fill" Button "Copy" Button "Insert" If the format of the scale to be produced repeats itself, you only need to produce a section of it. Then click the button "Fill". The section (except for its inscription) is then automatically copied and added until the available scale width is full. The displayed scale differs from the scale printed on the recorder in the following points: On the recorder, long graduations are additionally written at the positions of programmed alarms, with the corresponding alarm symbol underneath. Above the text line, the channel number is written left-justified with respect to the set left position. At the same height as the channel number, the programmed dimension is written right-justified with respect to the right position. If the left position or right position is outside the programmed graduations, the horizontal line is drawn beyond the programmed graduations up to the left/right position. You can use the button "Copy" to copy the data of the displayed scale into the Windows clipboard. You can use the button "Insert" to import the data from the Windows clipboard into the displayed scale. 3-10

41 Operation Windows clipboard The Windows clipboard serves as an interface for exchanging position and format data for a scale. Data can be transferred from one scale number to another using the buttons "Copy" and "Insert". Data can also be imported from other Windows applications. This is particularly advantageous if the position values have to be calculated. When transferring data from another Windows application, the following format applies to the generation of graduations, style and inscription: Table 3-4 Format for graduations via clipboard Graduation Position Inscription Style 1 (1st line) Value 1 Text 1 Style 1 2 (2nd line) Value 2 Text 2 Style 2 to n (n-th line) Value n Text n Style n The contents of the table fields consist of ASCII characters. The columns are separated by tabs " " and the lines by paragraph markers " ". The name of the scale precedes the data for the graduations. The following filter rules are used when inserting data from the clipboard: Empty lines at the beginning of the table are bypassed. The first line which is not empty and which does not commence with the ASCII code of a number is interpreted as the scale name. Further lines which do not commence with the ASCII code of a number are ignored. The data for graduations must contain at least the position. The text characters of the inscription are filtered when inserting. All illegal characters are replaced by blanks, the small "e" by a capital "E". The style of the graduation is determined as follows: if a small or capital "L" is present in the third column, a long graduation is generated, otherwise a short graduation. Further data for graduations are ignored following the 38th graduation. Table 3-5 Example of scale in Fig. 3-5 Example E-3 L L E+3 L E+6 L 3-11