LTE Small Cell RCT. Paul Chang Rohde-Schwarz, Taiwan

Transcription

1 LTE Small Cell RCT Paul Chang Rohde-Schwarz, Taiwan

2 Contents ı LTE Small Cell Marketing nformation ı LTE Small Cell RCT 3GPP Transmitter Testing Receiver Testing Performance Testing ı Measurement nstruments for LTE Small Cell RCT LTE Small cell RCT 2

3 Technology evolution path 2005/ / / / /2014 GSM/ GPRS EDGE, 200 khz DL: 473 kbps UL: 473 kbps EDGEevo DL: 1.9 Mbps UL: 947 kbps VAMOS Double Speech Capacity UMTS DL: 2.0 Mbps UL: 2.0 Mbps HSDPA, 5 MHz DL: 14.4 Mbps UL: 2.0 Mbps HSPA+, R7 DL: 28.0 Mbps UL: 11.5 Mbps HSPA+, R8 DL: 42.0 Mbps UL: 11.5 Mbps HSPA+, R9 DL: 84 Mbps UL: 23 Mbps HSPA+, R10/11 DL: 84 Mbps UL: 23 Mbps HSPA, 5 MHz DL: 14.4 Mbps UL: 5.76 Mbps LTE (4x4), R8+R9, 20MHz DL: 300 Mbps UL: 75 Mbps LTE-Advanced R10/11 DL: 1 Gbps (low mobility) UL: 500 Mbps cdma xEV-DO, Rev MHz DL: 2.4 Mbps UL: 153 kbps 1xEV-DO, Rev. A 1.25 MHz DL: 3.1 Mbps UL: 1.8 Mbps 1xEV-DO, Rev. B 5.0 MHz DL: 14.7 Mbps UL: 4.9 Mbps DO-Advanced DL: 32 Mbps and beyond UL: 12.4 Mbps and beyond Fixed WiMAX scalable bandwidth MHz typical up to 15 Mbps Mobile WiMAX, e Up to 20 MHz DL: 75 Mbps (2x2) UL: 28 Mbps (1x2) Advanced Mobile WiMAX, m DL: up to 1 Gbps (low mobility) UL: up to 100 Mbps LTE Small cell RCT 3

4 331 LTE networks commercially launched in 112 countries million LTE subscriptions worldwide: Q LTE Small cell RCT 4

5 Small Cells: Definition by nforma Femtocells: Primarily deployed in consumer and enterprise environments Picocells: Deployed in indoor public areas (airports, train stations, shopping areas) Microcells: Usually deployed in urban areas or in cases where the footprint of a macrocell is not necessary Metrocells: Deployed in urban areas to alleviate capacity bottlenecks. Technology (single / multi-mode) LTE Small cell RCT 5

6 Small Cell Market forecast - revenues (nforma, Feb. 2013) ı Total revenues: US$22bn during 2016 ı Public-area and Enterprise small cells will generate the lion s share (> 85%) Public area and enterprise small cells (outdoor and higher end ndoor Small Cells) require higher effort for Testing! LTE Small cell RCT 7

7 Small Cell Market forecasts - volumes AB Research (Feb. 2012) Small-Cell Market 2012: 4.3 million small cells (including femtocells, picocells and microcells and all technologies) 2016: Forecast to 36.8 million shipments (valued at $20.4 billion) 2012: residential models (62%) and enterprise models (30%) dominate small cell shipments 2016: Shipment vs. Revenue: indoor small cells will make 94% of total shipments, but only 36% of revenue outdoor small cells will make 6% of total shipments, but 64% of revenue 2016: 80% of outdoor small cells estimated to be multi-mode (WCDMA + LTE) vs. 20% LTE-only Public area and enterprise small cells (outdoor and higher end ndoor Small Cells) require higher effort for Testing also in production! LTE Small cell RCT 8

8 Contents ı LTE Small Cell Marketing nformation ı LTE Small Cell RCT 3GPP Transmitter Testing Receiver Testing Performance Testing ı Measurement nstruments for LTE Small Cell RCT LTE Small cell RCT 9

9 LTE/LTE-A Frequency Bands (FDD) E-UTRA Operating Band Uplink (UL) operating band F UL_low F UL_high [MHz] Downlink (DL) operating band F DL_low F DL_high [MHz] E-UTRA Operating Band Uplink (UL) operating band F UL_low F UL_high [MHz] Downlink (DL) operating band F DL_low F DL_high [MHz] N/A N/A LTE Small cell RCT 10 10

10 LTE/LTE-A Frequency Bands (TDD) E-UTRA Operating Band Downlink (DL) / Uplink (UL) operating band F low F high [MHz] LTE Small cell RCT 11 11

11 LTE Evolution NW-based positioning (UTDOA) RAN enh. for Diverse Data Application CA enhancements Carrier Aggregation RAN overload control for MTC n-device co-existence DL MMO 8x8 Positioning Relaying Enh. DL Control CH fecc (further ecc) ecc Public Warning System (PWS) CoMP UL / DL UL MMO 4x4 Home enodeb Network Energy Saving MDT Enhanced SC-FDMA SON enhancements Rel-9 Rel-10 Rel-11 Service Continuity for embms Dual Layer Beamforming embms enhancements LTE Release 8 FDD / TDD Self Organizing Networks Multi carrier / Multi-RAT Base Stations LTE Small cell RCT 12

12 LTE/LTE-A Carrier Aggregation Bands ntra-band contiguous CA bands nter-band contiguous CA bands ntra-band noncontiguous CA bands LTE Small cell RCT 13

13 Aggregated Channel Bandwidth for intra-band CA ı CA bandwidth BW Channel_CA = F edge_high - F edge_low [MHz] LTE Small cell RCT 14

14 LTE BS Transmitter Tests 6 Transmitter Tests 6.2 BaseStation Output Power Home BS with Adjacent W-CDMA Home BS with Adjacent LTE Home BS with co-channel LTE 6.3 Output power dynamics RE power control dynamic range Total power dynamic range 6.4 Transmit ON/OFF power 6.5 Transmitted signal quality Frequency error Error vector magnitude Time alignment error DL RS power 6.6 Unwanted emissions Occupied bandwidth Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio Operating band unwanted emissions Transmitter spurious emissions 6.7 Transmitter intermodulation LTE Small cell RCT 15

15 nterference ssues from Output Power of Home BS ı Home BS must have capability To tune the transmitter output power to minimize the interference level on the adjacent channels licensed BS To be optimize the coverage rate LTE Small cell RCT 16

16 nterference ssues from Output Power of Home BS Home BS with Adjacent W-CDMA CPCH Êc --- code power of the Primary CPCH from WCDMA oh --- total received power density Home BS with Adjacent LTE CRS Ês --- Reference Signal Received Power per resource element oh --- the total received power density from downlink Home BS with co-channel LTE CRS Ês --- Reference Signal Received Power per resource element oh --- the total received power density from downlink ob --- the uplink received interference power, including thermal noise, LTE Small cell RCT 17

17 How to Measure the Output Power of Home BS with Adjacent W-CDMA Home BS with adjacent W-CDMA signal LTE test model TM 1.1 WCDMA test model: TM1 Test Case PCPCH (dbm) Ptotal (dbm) PAGWN (dbm) Carier/Noise (db) Pout (dbm) Limits db ( f 3 GHz) +3 db ( 3 GHz f 4.2 GHz) LTE Small cell RCT 18

18 Test Configuration for Output Power of Home BS with Adjacent W-CDMA Test setup for Home BS with Adjacent W-CDMA LTE Small cell RCT 19

19 How to Measure the Output Power of Home BS with Adjacent LTE Home BS with adjacent LTE signal Wanted signal: TM1.1 Downlink: TM Test Requirements for home BS with adjacent LTE signal Test Case Ptotal (dbm) PAWGN (dbm) Carier/Noise (db) Pout (dbm) Limits +2.7 db ( f 3 GHz) +3 db ( 3 GHz f 4.2 GHz) LTE Small cell RCT 20

20 How to Measure the Output Power of Home BS with Co-Channel E-UTRA Protection Home BS with Co-channel EUTRA protection Wanted signal: TM1.1 Downlink: TM1.1 Uplink: FRC Test Requirements for home BS with adjacent LTE signal Test Case Ptotal (dbm) PAWGN (dbm) Carier/Noise (db) Pout (dbm) Limits +2.7 db ( f 3 GHz) +3 db ( 3 GHz f 4.2 GHz) LTE Small cell RCT 21

21 Transmitter ntermodulation To measure TX capability to inhibit the nonlinear from The own transmit signal, and An interfering signal reaching the transmitter via the antenna Signal for TX intermodulation Test Requirement LTE Small cell RCT 22

22 Test Setup for Transmitter ntermodulation ı Calculating the measurement regions for the intermodulation product Measurement regions calculation Order of intermodulation products Center frequency ntermodulation width 3rd order 5th order 2F1 ± F2 2F2 ± F1 3F2 ± 2F1 3F1 ± 2F2 4F1 ± F2 4F2 ± F1 2*BWChannel + 1*5 MHz 2*5 MHz + 1*BWChannel 3*BWChannel + 2*5 MHz 3*5 MHz + 2*BWChannel 4*BWChannel + 1*5 MHz 4*5 MHz + 1*BWChannel LTE Small cell RCT 23

23 Test Setup for Transmitter ntermodulation LTE Small cell RCT 24

24 LTE BS Receiver Tests 7 Receiver Tests 7.2 Reference sensitivity level 7.3 Dynamics range 7.4 n-channel selectivity 7.5 Adjacent channel selectivity 7.6 Blocking 7.7 Receiver spurious emissions 7.8 Receiver intermodulation LTE Small cell RCT 25

25 Receiver Spurious Emissions ı Receiver spurious emissions power is from TX at the BS receiver antenna connector ı Test Requirement Receiver spurious emission test requirement Frequency range Measurement Bandwidth Maximum level Notes 30MHz - 1 GHz 100 khz -57 dbm 1 GHz GHz 1 MHz -47 dbm GHz - 19 GHz 1 MHz -47 dbm Only band 42, LTE Small cell RCT 26

26 Receiver Spurious Emissions ı Receiver spurious emissions power is from TX at the BS receiver antenna connector LTE Small cell RCT 27

27 Receiver ntermodulation ı Measure the throughput performance of receiver ı Signals in at the receiver port of BS LTE signal with QPSK modulation A CW signal LTE Small cell RCT 28

28 Receiver ntermodulation ı Measurement requirement ntermodulation Performance for Home BS E-UTRA channel bandwidth [MHz] Wanted signal mean power [dbm] nterfering Signal mean power [dbm] nterfering RB centre Frequency offset from the channel edge of the wanted signal [MHz] Type of nterfering Signal ±2.1 ±4.9 CW 1.4 MHz E-UTRA signal, 1 RB ±4.5 ±10.5 CW 3 MHz E-UTRA signal, 1 RB ±7.5 ±17.5 CW 5 MHz E-UTRA signal, 1RB ±7.375 ±17.5 CW 5 MHz E-UTRA signal, 1RB ±7.25 ±17.5 CW 5 MHz E-UTRA signal, 1RB ±7.125 ±17.5 CW 5 MHz E-UTRA signal, 1RB LTE Small cell RCT 29

29 Receiver ntermodulation CW interferer with the internal AWGN option of the SMx. Test Setup LTE Small cell RCT 30

30 LTE BS Performance Tests LTE Small cell RCT 31

31 Channel Characteristic (Single Channel) S(t) S (t- δ)=h(t,f).s(t)+n(t) Noise (AWGN) S (t-δ) v LTE Small cell RCT 32

32 Channel Estimation & Rx Symbol Restructure Data Symbol Pilot Symbol Data Symbol Data Symbol Pilot Symbol Data Symbol Transmitted Symbols in Transmitter Side Ө Offset Offset Ө Offset Offset Ө Offset Channel Simple Channel model only considering with phase delay Received Symbols in Receiver Side LTE Small cell RCT 33

33 Multi-path Propagation Fixed Scatterer Transmitter Fixed Receiver Transmitter Signal Receiver Signal t Delay Delay spread t time dispersive LTE Small cell RCT 34

34 Physical Channel of LTE Unlink ı Physical Uplink Channel PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) Format 1 for SR, 1a, 1b for HARQ-ACK Format 2, 2a, 2b for a CS report Format 3 for HARQ-ACK, SR (if any) and a CS report PUSCH (Physical uplink shared channel) Uplink component carrier ı PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) Random Access Procedure for syncing between UE and e- NodeB LTE Small cell RCT 35

35 PRACH in static conditions ı PRACH in static conditions BS tester Small cell under test RX A AWGN generator RX B AWGN generator LTE Small cell RCT 36

36 Multi user PUCCH in multipath fading conditions BS tester Wanted signal ATT1 Channel Simulator Channel Simulator AWGN generator Small cell under test nterference 1 nterference 2 ATT1 ATT2 Channel Simulator Channel Simulator Channel Simulator Channel Simulator RX A RX B nterference 3 ATT3 Channel Simulator Channel Simulator AWGN generator LTE Small cell RCT 37

37 Test setup for LTE Multi-User PUCCH 3GPP v , chapter Wanted RX1 RF nterferer 1 nterferer 2 2x 3 GHz or 2x 6 GHz nterferer 3 RX2 RF Real-time fading LTE Small cell RCT 38

38 PUSCH Transmission on Two Antenna Ports BS tester TX A TX B Channel Simulator Channel Simulator Channel Simulator Channel Simulator AWGN generator AWGN generator HARQ feedback Small cell under test RX A RX B LTE Small cell RCT 39

39 Contents ı LTE Small Cell Marketing nformation ı LTE Small Cell RCT 3GPP Transmitter Testing Receiver Testing Performance Testing ı Measurement nstruments for LTE Small Cell RCT LTE Small cell RCT 40

40 R&S Product Portfolio for Small Cell Testing covering R&D to Manufacturing Research & Development Manufacturing Signal Generator Signal Analyzer advanced R&D, Fading, MMO R&S SMW200A R&S FSW R&S SMBV100A R&S FSV R&S SMBV100A R&S SGT100A R&S FPS R&S FSV LTE (FDD, TD-LTE) WCDMA plus evolution cdma2k plus evolution Wi-Fi (incl. 11ac) GSM plus evolution GNSS Radio Communi cation Tester R&S CMW500 BTS tester (non-signaling) LTE (FDD, TD-LTE) WCDMA (coming soon) Wi-Fi GNSS LTE Small cell RCT 41

41 R&S Product Portfolio for Small Cell Testing Positioning differentiators Reference Base Station test solution All BS types (macro + small cells) and modules (TRX module, power amplifier) All cellular and wireless technologies All product stages from R&D to production All relevant 3GPP RF tests including spurious measurements and multicarrier measurements Optimum RF performance Tests including MMO and Fading SMW SMBV SGT CMW 500 Base Station Tester Small Cells Technologies: LTE, WLAN, GNSS (1 sat.) Production tests RF tests up to a maximum of 6 GHz Basic spectrum measurement set in line with the 3GPP specification No spurious emission measurements No out-of-band spectrum measurements Pure go/no-go spectrum measurements (no RF performance measurements) CMW500 FSW FSV FPS LTE Small cell RCT 42

42 R&S Product Portfolio for Small Cell Testing Price and performance Highest flexibility and performance Leading edge technology Economic sweet spot Highest test speed Smallest size SMW SMBV SGT FSW FSV FPS LTE Small cell RCT 43

43 FSW signal & spectrum analyzer Specifications in Brief (Performance Premium Class) Frequency Resolution Bandwidth Q Demodulation Bandwidth Real-Time Bandwidth Phase Noise (10 khz offset, 1 GHz) Overall measurement uncertainty DANL (1 GHz, 1 Hz RBW) TO R&S FSW 2 Hz to 8 / 13.6 / 26.5 / 43.5 / 50 / 67 GHz 1 Hz to 10 MHz (opt. 20, 50, 80 MHz in Zero Span) 10 MHz Std. (28, 40, 80, 160, 320, 500 MHz optional) 160 MHz Typ dbc 0.4 db (f < 8 GHz) Typ dbm Typ. 30 dbm LTE Small cell RCT 44

44 Base Station Output Power Test maximum output power Power shall not vary more than ±2 db for normal conditions and ±2.5 db for extreme conditions ( chapter 6.2.1) K100/104 provide power measurement acc. to LTE Small cell RCT 45 45

45 MMO Time Alignment Error Test Setup: BTS under test ports 1,... 4 RF Combiner FSW, FSV or RTO LTE Small cell RCT 46 46

46 ACLR Measurement LTE Small cell RCT 47 47

47 Freely Configurable ACLR Measurement LTE Small cell RCT 48

48 Multi-Standard Radio Analyser l Multiple analysis of the same /Q data capture (e.g. different transmit channels, different modulation types etc.) l mportant for testing of multi standard radios (WCDMA + GSM + LTE) LTE Small cell RCT 49

49 Multi Standard Radio Analyzer LTE Small cell RCT 50

50 SMW200A Leading edge signal generator Successor of R&S SMU200A Frequency range 100 khz to 3/6/12.75/20 GHz Optional second RF path From single-path VSG to multichannel MMO receiver tester Up to 160 MHz /Q modulation bandwidth (in RF) with internal baseband and fading Up to 8 baseband signal sources and up to 16 fading channels for MMO, MSR and LTE-A (Carrier Aggregation) Support of all key MMO modes including 2x2, 3x3, 4x4 and 8x2 Touchscreen plus block diagram LTE Small cell RCT 51

51 SMW200A - single channel configuration Single-path SMW with internal baseband for measurements on components or fundamental receiver testing LTE Small cell RCT 52

52 SMW200A - dual channel configuration Two-path SMW, can generate wanted signal plus interferer e.g. for receiver and performance tests on base stations LTE Small cell RCT 53

53 LTE Test Case Wizard in R&S SMW ı Easy set up of a signal generator for LTE enb conformance test in line with 3GPP TS ı Direct selection of the desired test case ı Transmitter, Receiver and Performance test cases LTE Small cell RCT 54

54 Basestation testing - LTE Test Case Wizard The LTE test case wizard significantly simplifies the configuration of R&S signal generators for conformance testing. only 1 SMW (+SGS) for all tests required Use SGS for nterference Testing up to 12,75 GHz (* = additional SGS required for interferer or 3 rd and 4 th RF output ) green= lower complexity compared to SMU LTE test case in line with TS Release 8 supported by the LTE test case wizard Generated signal(s) and used features Number of R&S SMW200A Transmitter tests 6.7 Transmitter intermodulation nterferer (LTE downlink) 1 Receiver tests 7.2 Reference sensitivity level LTE uplink Dynamic range LTE uplink, AWGN n-channel selectivity LTE uplink, interferer (LTE) 1 7.5A Adjacent-channel selectivity LTE uplink, interferer (LTE) 1 7.5B Narrow-band blocking LTE uplink, interferer (LTE) Blocking LTE uplink, interferer (LTE or 1* CW) 7.8 Receiver intermodulation LTE uplink, 2 interferers (LTE and CW) 1 Performance tests Performance requirements of PUSCH in multipath fading propagation conditions Performance requirements for UL timing adjustment LTE uplink for 2 (or 4) receive 1 * antennas, fading, AWGN, HARQ feedback 2 LTE uplinks (moving and 1 stationary UE), fading, AWGN, HARQ feedback LTE uplink, fading, AWGN Performance requirements for HARQ-ACK multiplexed on PUSCH Performance requirements for High Speed LTE uplink, fading, AWGN, HARQ 1 Train conditions feedback ACK missed detection for single user PUCCH LTE uplink for 2 (or 4) receive 1 * format 1a antennas, fading, AWGN CQ missed detection for PUCCH format 2 LTE uplink, fading, AWGN ACK missed detection for multi user PUCCH LTE uplink, 3 interferers (LTE 1 format 1a uplink), fading, AWGN PRACH false alarm probability and missed LTE uplink for 2 (or 4) receive 1 * detection antennas, fading, AWGN LTE Small cell RCT 55

55 Application notes available for Rx, Tx and Px tests LTE Small cell RCT 56

56 Example program available: RS Run LTE Small cell RCT 57