Bachelor Thesis. German Title: Untersuchung eines 'ray tracing' Programms auf seine Eignung für die Kurzwellenfunk-Ausbreitungsprognose
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1 Bachelor Thesis German Title: Untersuchung eines 'ray tracing' Programms auf seine Eignung für die Kurzwellenfunk-Ausbreitungsprognose
2 Task of the Thesis Structure of Presentation Proceeding Summary of relevant results Discussion 2
3 Task of the Thesis In German: Detaillierte Untersuchungen des 'ray tracing' Programms 'Proplab-Pro 3.0' auf seine Eignung für die professionelle Kurzwellenfunk- Ausbreitungsprognose In English: Detailed Examination of the ray tracing Software 'Proplab-Pro 3.0' on its suitability for the professional forecast of HF-radio propagation 3
4 Proceeding Study of ionospheric HF-propagation basics Manual calculation of a representative HF-link Study of "Ray Tracing" basics Comparison of three propagation simulation SW "PropWiz", "RPPUE" and "Proplab-Pro 3.0" w.r.t. Features "Truth" of results 4
5 Basics of Ionospheric HF-Propagation 5
6 Basics of Ionospheric HF-Propagation HF propagation modes: Groundwave Skywave 6
7 Basics of Ionospheric HF-Propagation Skywave propagation paths: 7
8 Basics of Ionospheric HF-Propagation HF skywave propagation via ionosphere depends on the following factors: Time of day Season Geographic location Solar activity Frequency Antenna elevation radiation angle, corresponding with angle of incidence of the wave into the ionospheric layer 8
9 Basics of Ionospheric HF-Propagation Ionospheric layers: F-layer (subdivided in F 2 - and F 1 -layer) E-layer D-layer 9
10 Manual Calculation of a representative HF-Link 10
11 Manual Calculation of a representative HF-Link Calculation of the usable frequency range for two exemplary paths: 1 st path: Munich Hamburg 2 nd path: Munich Hong Kong Both paths were calculated for the points in time July 2012 January 2013 and 11
12 Manual Calculation of a representative HF-Link Path Munich Hamburg: 12
13 Manual Calculation of a representative HF-Link Path Munich Hamburg: 13
14 "Ray Tracing" Basics 14
15 "Ray Tracing" Basics Basically the term "ray tracing" in English language is self explanatory. Somewhat more in detail it means: Emitted electromagnetic waves are described by "ray tracing" using idividual rays The course of the rays is simulated obeying physical laws, angle of emission, diffraction and absorption In this way the various incident points of the wave at the ionosphere and at ground are found 15
16 "Ray Tracing" Basics In the "Proplab-Pro 3.0" software the "ray tracing" model calculates how the signals penetrate the ionosphere and propagate in it. Penetration and diffraction are the keywords traces each ray individually using a dynamic, very complex model of the ionosphere allows for the actually existing ionospheric conditions 16
17 "Ray Tracing" Basics Characteristics of the "ray tracing" models in "Proplab-Pro 3.0": Computing time 2D-Model Fast Suitable for real time analysis 3D-Model Boring slowly Calc. time: Days to weeks Accuracy High Very high Including Graphic result diagram shows... Oblique ground reflections - - Absorptions by the ionosphere Elevation Frequency - - Oblique ionosphere layers Magnetic field effects Absorptions by the ionosphere Elevation Frequency Azimuth 17
18 Comparison of three Propagation Simulation SW "PropWiz", "RPPUE" and "Proplab-Pro 3.0" as well as Manual Calculation 18
19 Overview of "Proplab-Pro 3.0", "PropWiz 1.7" and "RPPUE 4.28" Proplab-Pro PropWiz RPPUE Full Name Proplab-Pro Propagation Wizard RPPUE, Program for calculation of HF Radio Propagation Predictions Supplier Solar Terrestrial Dispatch Rohde & Schwarz Dr. Thomas Damboldt Telecommunications Version Version 3.0 Version 1.7 Version
20 Features of "Proplab-Pro 3.0" 20
21 Features of "Proplab-Pro 3.0" 21
22 Analysis of Results Comparisons between: 1. Basic Data 2. MUF resp. FOT 3. SNR 4. Fieldstrength resp. signal strength at Rx site 5. Availability resp. reliability of commline 22
23 Analysis of Results 1. Basic Data e.g. Site Coordinates Distance Azimuth of Tx- resp. Rx- antennas Minimum number of required hops Result: No relevant differences between examined programs 23
24 Analysis of Results 2. MUF resp. FOT comparisons shown for the 2nd exemplary path Munich - Hong Kong in July 2012 Result: RPPUE results show very good coincidence with manual calculation PropWiz calculates more pessimistic (i.e. lower) MUFvalues (deviations up to 3.7 MHz) Proplab-Pro 3.0 shows clear differences (deviations 2,5 MHz to 6.9 MHz) MUF determination by "ray tracing" more actual and precise resultats 24
25 MUF as calculated by PropWiz 25
26 MUF as calculated by RPPUE 26
27 MUF as calculated by Proplab 27
28 Analysis of Results 3. SNR-comparison shown for the 2nd exemplary path Munich - Hong Kong in July 2012 Result: SNR available only for PropWiz und RPPUE Course of SNR over time is identical for both programs S/N absolute values and associated frequencies, however, exhibit major differences algorithms used resp. databases are different Antenna radiation patterns are evaluated with different precision 28
29 Analysis of Results 4. Comparison of Fieldstrength resp. Signalstrength at Rx site shown for the 2nd exemplary path Munich - Hong Kong in July 2012 Result Available only with programs RPPUE and Proplab-Pro 3.0 Quick and easy fieldstrength determination with RPPUE Proplab-Pro 3.0: rough determination of areas having high or low signalstrengths; bad recognition of colors and hence signalstrengths; obvious occurence of quantization errors 29
30 Fieldstrength as calculated by RPPUE 30
31 Proplab-Pro 3.0 Settings 31
32 Proplab-Pro 3.0 Broadcast Coverage Map 32
33 Proplab-Pro 3.0 Zoomed Broadcast Coverage Map 33
34 Analysis of Results 5. Comparison of Availability resp. Reliability shown for the 2nd exemplary path Munich - Hong Kong in July 2012 Results: Available only with PropWiz und RPPUE PropWiz is determining the availabilty on the basis of the SNR RPPUE does this on a more lavish way considering technical boundary conditions and statistical fluctuations within a month Further Differences are to be traced back by the utilization of different databases 34
35 Further Analysis Tools contained in "Proplab-Pro 3.0" Proplab-Pro 3.0 comes with three analysis tools : Ray Location Map Broadcast Coverage Map (already introduced in context with signal strength analysis) Oblique Sounder Ionogram 35
36 Ray Location Map 36
37 Ray Location Map 37
38 Oblique Sounder Ionogram Settings 38
39 Oblique Sounder Ionogram Elevation Angle Plot- 39
40 Oblique Sounder Ionogram Elevation Angle Plot- 40
41 Oblique Sounder Ionogram -Propagation Delay Plot- 41
42 Oblique Sounder Ionogram -Propagation Delay Plot- 42
43 Summary of relevant Results 43
44 Summary of relevant Results I. Anforderungen des Benutzers müssen ersichtlich sein II. III. Programm auswählen, welches am besten zu den gestellten Ansprüchen passt Vorgehen bei der Auswahl: Analysepunkte sowie Features der Programme auf ihre Wichtigkeit für den Anwender überprüfen IV. Programm auswählen, welches die meisten Punkte und Features für den Anwender bereitstellt 44
45 Summary of relevant Results Manual Calculation: The old fashioned, maybe quite accurate, method is nice for getting started and to acquire a basic understanding. Due to the immense time needed, this method nowadays has to be regarded as "pure academic". PS: In the course of our studies we found out that some old but valuable ITU (CCIR/CCITT) documentation is available only in antiquarian form 45
46 Summary of relevant Results PropWiz and RPPUE: Both programs deliver quick results an are rather simple to be operated. The training period for RPPUE will be longer as compared to PropWiz but due to a more complex algorithm the results will be more precise - and... more colorful. PS: The antenna database for both programs is of paramount importance with respect to to the meaningfulness of the results. 46
47 Summary of relevant Results Proplab-Pro 3.0: Substantial training period required Many features Highest accuracy of all due to complex ionosphere-model and application of ray tracing method Quantization errors observed 3D-model with PCs available at that time due to extreme calculation time not applicable 47
48 Many Thanks for your Attention! 48
49 Discussion Manually RPPUE Propwiz Proplab-Pro 49
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