POWER SYSTEM BACKUP PROTECTION IN SMART GRID USING SYNCHRONIZED PMU 1 BEJJENKI DINESH, 2 PERUMANDLA SADANANDAM

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1 POWER SYSTEM BACKUP PROTECTION IN SMART GRID USING SYNCHRONIZED PMU 1 BEJJENKI DINESH, 2 PERUMANDLA SADANANDAM 1 MTECH, DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VAAGDEVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 2 M.Tech,(PHD),MISTE,MIEEE, Associate professor DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VAAGDEVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 1,2 U.G.C AUTONOMUS ACCREDIATED BY NATIONAL BOARD,CERTIFIED BY ISO 9001:2008 APPROVED BY AICTE &PERMANENT AFFILIATION JNTU,HYDERABAD BOLLIKUNTA,WARANGAL ,TELANGANA 1 bejjenkidinesh@rocketmail.com 2 sadi_p901@yahoo.co.in ABSTRACT Catastrophe disappointments in power grid due to mal function of conventional reinforcement assurance framework was one of the main sources of undesirable waterfall trips. The new procedure based on synchronized PMU with quick correspondence network and GPS system for time transfer have a dynamic adjustment for move down insurance of power framework. The objective of the security plot is to appraise another wide zone reinforcement assurance framework to maintain the power framework stable by segregating just faulty components from the sound piece of framework. The reason for existing is to boost the general adequacy and consistency of the power structure for all power stages through huge reliance on WAPS as distributed insight operators with improved checking, control and assurance capabilities of power network. Presenting the speediest and obviously best strategy for WAPS as synchronized Phasor estimation unit (PMU).This paper theorizes acknowledgment of fault site and assurance of power framework utilizing PMU likewise leeway of fault. The insurance plot which is useas a part of this paper relies upon the idea of likening positive sequence quantities, for example, voltage and current plots for each line associated to the bus to perceive and characterize the faulted line. This paper emphasize simulation on 220 KV framework by utilizing MATLAB Simulink. 1. INTRODUCTION These days, power frameworks turn out to be exceptionally extreme and testing to oversee because of quick improvement to fulfill huge boost in load requests which drives the power framework game plan to end up more unpredictable. In this way, Electrical networks with satisfactory PQand high unwavering quality are favored. Page No:553

2 With this admiration, new advancements suchlike smart grids has presented another standard for control, assurance and checking framework to enhance unwavering quality of power, security of grids,diminish the undesirable power outages, quick reaction to interpretation in the electrical network, spotting oferror and recuperation of electrical framework as quick as could be allowed. Wide zone control, checking and assurance framework is the cutting edge method for administration of electrical framework [1].In electrical power framework, the distinctive fault happens which results falls of the electrical framework [2].Collapse of power. Structure occurs because of basic fault, load infringement, power vacillations and islanding. Heaps of strategies are use as a part of the power network for wellbeing of transmission line. Separation security is one of extensively use frameworks, as in that assurance the separation transfer is use for insurance reason. The separation transfers are rely upon the independent evaluation and each hand-off work self-rulingly relating to various locale of security.the separation hand-off is working for fault occurring in the middle of the associated hand-off position and the favored position [3].Mal-operation of third zone remove insurance in conditions, for example, power influence, voltage instability and load infringement may increment to wide region power outages [4].In July 30th and 31st, extreme power outages happened in India. Here, new strategy is given to security of wide zone utilizing synchronous PMU. This method is rely upon by looking at and comparing positive sequence voltage extents for indicated zones and positive sequence current phase plots for each coupled lines between the 2regions of the framework network. The time synchronized phasor estimation method is utilized, which gives a perspective of the dynamic power framework and competent for controlling and checking of wide territory insurance. By utilizing a quick GPS and present day passed on framework. 2. CONCEPT OF PMU The gadget named as PMU is attempted to gather and give moment phasor from want zones of utilizations pulled in with instantaneous day and time of the estimating called stamped information. Evaluated phasor are called as synchro-phasors, here synchronized estimation strategy assumes vital parts, particularly in reinforcement assurance. In any case, to send data of PMU from removed parts of the network to main control framework is consociated with deferral of incessant several milliseconds. So it isn't sufficient to utilize WAPS utilizing PMU for main assurance framework. PMU measures positive sequence currents and voltages with precise and correct time synchronization. The estimations are finished by utilizing GPS single pulse every second Synchrophasors, give the phasor demonstration of voltage or current to finish time reference. This supreme reference is given as a typical planning signal by utilizing high-exactness tickers synchronized to relating general time, for example, the all around use worldwide situating framework (GPS).The synchronized timekeepers are use as a reference,so PMU makes the unpredictable number of a constant sinusoidal signal phasor portrayal as displayed in Fig. 1. The association between the revealing minute and the phasor portrayal is that, the phase point is equivalent to the precise division between the announcing top and the period of the sinusoid. However, in the event that all PMUs chips away at a similar planning reference, their estimations are practically identical, and the distinctions among the phase point of phasors are right. As most applications search for to distinguish the contrasts between the phase points of assortment of phasors, the output of PMU gives a profitable contribution to checking, assurance, and control operation in a power framework. Page No:554

3 Figure -1 Phasor representation (a) Sinusoidal waveform (b) Phasor representation The synchronized phasor of air conditioning signal is given as the mind boggling quantities as underneath. ( ) = + = / 2 (1) / 2 [cos + sin ] (2) Where, xm= amplitude of synchronized vector, phase edge is meant by ø and xi and xr are fanciful and genuine components of complex esteem. The general technique for phasors figuring by utilizing test information is discrete Fourier change. The fast interchanges links usefor WAPS are Fiber optic, microwave, PLC, Twisted match. 3. SMART GRID There is a lot of variety both inside the power business & outside it regarding what precisely ought to be incorporated under the possibility of a smart grid. Solicit a room full from utility experts to characterize the term & you're probably going to find an extensive variety of solutions. Likewise, most buyers would probably relate smart meters or home robotization with the idea of a smart grid, however there is significantly more to the photo. A smart grid conveys power from providers to buyers utilizing advanced innovation with two-path interchanges to control apparatuses at customers' homes to spare energy, diminish cost & increment unwavering quality & straightforwardness. It overlays the electrical grid with a data & net metering framework. Such a modernized power network is being advanced by numerous legislatures as a method for tending to energy autonomy, an unnatural weather change & crisis flexibility issues. Fig 2 smart grid Page No:555

4 The smart grid is made conceivable by applying detecting, estimation & control devices with two-route interchanges to power generation, transmission, distribution & utilization parts of the power grid that impart data about grid condition to framework clients, administrators & mechanized devices, making it conceivable to dynamically react to changes in grid condition. A smart grid incorporates a wise checking framework that monitors all power flowing in the framework. It likewise joins the utilization of superconductive transmission lines for less power misfortune, & additionally the capacity of incorporating renewable power, for example, solar & wind. At the viewwhen power is least costly the client can enable the smart grid to turn on chosen home apparatuses, for example, clothes washers or factory forms that can keep running at self-assertive hours. At top times it could kill chosen apparatuses to decrease request. 4. THE PROJECTED TECHNIQUE The main design is to enhance the interruption checking and framework occasion examination. Synchronous phasor estimations gives all impactful state estimations that are phase point, frequency and voltage size. PMU is use to assess bus voltages and all noteworthy line currents next these estimations are given to PDC at control focus. The procedure is WAPS which is acknowledged to discover strange or faulty condition and to detach the faulty territory from the general framework. 2components are critical to recognize the faults on transmission line. One is the drop of voltage and other is because of fault event the adjustment in flow of power direction. The fault current approach to have the capacity to determine by utilizing phase edge through reference to a base amount. Direction of fault to have the capacity to discover by with the help of looking at the transmission line phase point of current and voltage. The PMU, block diagram is as in Fig. 2 underneath. Figure -3 The block diagram of PMU The simple to computerized converter, changes over the simple signal from present and potential transformer to advanced signal and went through low pass filter. The GPS collector identifies the single pulse for each second synchronizing signal from GPS satellite. From these information the positive sequence quantities, for example, voltage and current are computed. Page No:556

5 The voltage is seen as reference polarizing amount. The fault current Phasor lies inside forward and in reverse territories with reference to the reference phasor, comparing to the fault circumstance [8,9]. Flow of Power in provided guidance is the impact of phase point among voltage and current differing around its power factor edge ±. While the power direction is inverse, the edge progresses toward becoming (180±) and when a fault goes in inverse direction, the present phase edge, with reference to voltage will be(180 )[8]. 5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS As introduced in fig the 5 bus network is usefor contextual investigation. The interconnected network is taken of 220 KV, 100 km transmission line, one side is associated with creating station and other with load through interconnected lines. Matlab Simulink programming is connected to reenact different faults and examinations. As examined in the paper, absence of a legitimate procedure for the arrangement of Mal operation in the third zone on 230 KV lines or more [10]. Along these lines in paper, the projected procedure is tried. As showed in fig 4 the simulation is performed by utilizing the MATLAB Simulink programming for 5 bus test framework. The principles given are in per unit at 50Hz on 100MVA base [11]. Figure -4 The 5 bus framework network taken for study The values for framework are given in per unit on 100 MVA (base ) in table no.1 Page No:557

6 Table- 1 The transmission line parameters. At the viewwhen distinctive fault showed up on the given transmission line, the faulted signals can be perceived from results. So also, different fault circumstance are recreated on the framework utilizing the proposed strategy. Kind of Fault can be detectedand observed by utilizing Fault Analysis Block given in fig. 6 for three phase to Ground Fault however same can be gotten for single line to ground fault and twofold line to ground fault. Figure- 5 SIMULINK model of 5 Bus 220 kv system Figure -6 MATLAB/Simulink block diagram responsible of the selection of the type of fault & its clearance. Page No:558

7 Figure- 7 Fault analysis block for three phase to Ground Fault Page No:559

8 Figure- 8 Three phase voltage signals at each area Page No:560

9 Figure -9 Three phase current signals for entire lines connected to the fault affected area (i.e. area 2). The fault is arranged on line 1 interfacing zone "1" & region "2".When fault happens, line associated between region "1" & area"2" is misrepresented. Fig. 7displays the output of three phase to ground voltage, though fig. 8 indicates output of three phase current of the lines linked to faulted part. Also, extraordinary fault conditions are recreated on the framework with projected technique Figure -10 Positive sequence voltage magnitudes 5 different areas during fault on the network Fig. 9 demonstrates the output from the 5 PMUs, the chart demonstrates the 5 positive sequence voltage extents (PSVM) for 5 unique zones amid fault. The base esteem is chosen which is demonstrating the closest zone to the fault (territory "2"). Fig. 10 demonstrates the ideal distinction of all positive sequence current points (PSCA) for each line interconnected with the faulted district (zone 2) with the other nearby regions (areas1, 3, 4) & the maximum extreme contrast of positive sequence current edge with line 1. Page No:561

10 Figure- 11 Positive sequence current angle absolute differences for interconnected lines to the faulted area 6. CONCLUSION The paper speaks to another reinforcement insurance technique for security of power framework of smart grids utilizing synchronized PMU in a wide zone assurance. The security configuration has viably perceived the faulted line & faulted zone of the interconnect framework. Main objective is to distinguish distinctive fault areas, the fault compose on framework & freedom of that fault. Dissimilar to the present methods, it gives dependable assurance to the power framework with the goal that it can be connected to any useful power framework. The kind of Fault can be discovered by utilizing Fault Analysis Block. Test outcomes are gotten from MATLAB simulation is by all accounts satisfactory. REFERENCES [1]. Terzija Vladimir, Valvrde Gustavo, Cai Deyu, Regulski Pawel,Madani Vahid, Fitch John, SkokSrdjan,Miroslav M.Begovic & Phadeke A Wide-Are Monitoring,Protection, and Control of Future Electric Power Networks, Presented At Proceedings of the IEEE,VOL. 99, NO. 1, Jan 2011, PP [2]. Machowski J, W Bialek J, R Bumby J, Power System Dynamics- Stability & Control, 2nd Edition2008, Press John Willy & Sons Ltd [3]. S. Horowitz and A. Phake, Power System Ralaying. Taunton, Somerset, U.K., Research Studies Press, 1992 [4]. A.R.Motavalian, N.Moadabi and G. B. Gharehpetian, Reliability Assessment of Power [5]. System Backup Protection between Smart Grid Control Center Using Phasor Measurement Units International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality ICREPQ 13 [6]. Kundur Prabha, Power System Stability and Control, March 1994, Press McGraw-Hill Inc, Chapter 2& 14. [7]. Grenor Verbic, Ferdinand Gubina, A New Concept of VoltageCollapse Protection- Based on Local Phasors,IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.1 9 No.2, Apr.2006, PP [8]. Jonsson Mattias, E. Daalder Jaap, An Adaptive Scheme to Prevent Undesirable Distance- Protection function During Voltage Instability IEEE Transactions on Power Systems Delivery, VOL. 18, NO. 4, Oct 2003, PP Page No:562