TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem

Transcription

1 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide F Version 1.25 Revision A Part Number ENG December 2004

2 Corporate Office Trimble Navigation Limited Geomatics and Engineering Division 5475 Kellenburger Road Dayton, Ohio USA (toll free in USA) Phone Fax Copyright and Trademarks , Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved. Trimble, the Globe & Triangle logo, and the Sextant logo with Trimble are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited, registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office and other countries. CMR, CMR+, SiteNet, TRIMMARK, and TRIMTALK are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Release Notice This is the December 2004 release (Revision A) of the TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide, part number ENG. It applies to version 1.25 of the TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem firmware. The following limited warranties give you specific legal rights. You may have others, which vary from state/jurisdiction to state/jurisdiction. Hardware Limited Warranty Trimble Navigation Limited warrants that this hardware product (the Product ) will perform substantially in accordance with published specifications and be substantially free of defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year starting from the date of delivery. The warranty set forth in this paragraph shall not apply to software products. Software License, Limited Warranty This Trimble software product, whether provided as a standalone computer software product, built into hardware circuitry as firmware, embedded in flash memory, or stored on magnetic or other media, (the Software ) is licensed and not sold, and its use is governed by the terms of the relevant End User License Agreement ( EULA ) included with the Software. In the absence of a separate EULA included with the Software providing different limited warranty terms, exclusions and limitations, the following terms and conditions shall apply. Trimble warrants that this Trimble Software product will substantially conform to Trimble s applicable published specifications for the Software for a period of ninety (90) days, starting from the date of delivery. Warranty Remedies Trimble's sole liability and your exclusive remedy under the warranties set forth above shall be, at Trimble s option, to repair or replace any Product or Software that fails to conform to such warranty ("Nonconforming Product") or refund the purchase price paid by you for any such Nonconforming Product, upon your return of any Nonconforming Product to Trimble in accordance with Trimble s standard return material authorization procedures. Warranty Exclusions and Disclaimer These warranties shall be applied only in the event and to the extent that (i) the Products and Software are properly and correctly installed, configured, interfaced, maintained, stored, and operated in accordance with Trimble's relevant operator's manual and specifications, and; (ii) the Products and Software are not modified or misused. The preceding warranties shall not apply to, and Trimble shall not be responsible for defects or performance problems resulting from (i) the combination or utilization of the Product or Software with hardware or software products, information, data, systems, interfaces or devices not made, supplied or specified by Trimble; (ii) the operation of the Product or Software under any specification other than, or in addition to, Trimble's standard specifications for its products; (iii) the unauthorized, installation, modification, or use of the Product or Software; (iv) damage caused by accident, lightning or other electrical discharge, fresh or salt water immersion or spray; or (v) normal wear and tear on consumable parts (e.g., batteries). Trimble does not warrant or guarantee the results obtained through the use of the Product. THE WARRANTIES ABOVE STATE TRIMBLE'S ENTIRE LIABILITY, AND YOUR EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES, RELATING TO PERFORMANCE OF THE PRODUCTS AND SOFTWARE. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY PROVIDED HEREIN, THE PRODUCTS, SOFTWARE, AND ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION AND MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED AS-IS AND WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND BY EITHER TRIMBLE NAVIGATION LIMITED OR ANYONE WHO HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN ITS CREATION, PRODUCTION, INSTALLATION, OR DISTRIBUTION INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, AND NONINFRINGEMENT. THE STATED EXPRESS WARRANTIES ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES ON THE PART OF TRIMBLE ARISING OUT OF, OR IN CONNECTION WITH, ANY PRODUCTS OR SOFTWARE. SOME STATES AND JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON DURATION OR THE EXCLUSION OF AN IMPLIED WARRANTY, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. TRIMBLE NAVIGATION LIMITED IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OPERATION OR FAILURE OF OPERATION OF GPS SATELLITES OR THE AVAILABILITY OF GPS SATELLITE SIGNALS. Limitation of Liability TRIMBLE S ENTIRE LIABILITY UNDER ANY PROVISION HEREIN SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT PAID BY YOU FOR THE PRODUCT OR SOFTWARE LICENSE. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT

3 SHALL TRIMBLE OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCE OR LEGAL THEORY RELATING IN ANY WAY TO THE PRODUCTS, SOFTWARE AND ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION AND MATERIALS, (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, OR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY LOSS), REGARDLESS WHETHER TRIMBLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH LOSS AND REGARDLESS OF THE COURSE OF DEALING WHICH DEVELOPS OR HAS DEVELOPED BETWEEN YOU AND TRIMBLE. BECAUSE SOME STATES AND JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. NOTE: THE ABOVE LIMITED WARRANTY PROVISIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO PRODUCTS OR SOFTWARE PURCHASED IN THE EUROPEAN UNION. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR TRIMBLE DEALER FOR APPLICABLE WARRANTY INFORMATION. Notices Class B Statement Notice to Users. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communication. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/tv technician for help. Changes and modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer or registrant of this equipment can void your authority to operate this equipment under Federal Communications Commission rules.

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5 Regulations and Safety i Regulations regarding the use of the radio modems vary greatly from country to country. In some countries, the unit can be used without obtaining an end-user license. Other countries require end-user licensing. Consult your local communications governing agency for licensing information. Before operating a TRIMMARK 3 radio modem, determine if authorization or a license to operate the unit is required in your country. Obtaining an operator s permit or license for the TRIMMARK 3 for the location or country-of-use is the responsibility of the end user. Note This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the condition that this device does not cause harmful interference. i.1 Type Approval Type Approval, or acceptance, covers technical parameters of the equipment related to emissions that can cause interference. Type Approval is granted to the manufacturer of the transmission equipment, independent from the operation or licensing of the units. Some countries have unique technical requirements for operation in TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide v

6 i Regulations and Safety certain radio modem frequency bands. To comply with those requirements, Trimble may have modified your equipment in order to be granted Type Approval. Unauthorized modification to the units voids the Type Approval, the warranty and the operational license of the equipment. C Caution Changes or modifications to this equipment not approved, in writing, by Trimble Navigation Limited voids your authority to operate the equipment. i.2 Licensing Many countries require that the operator of a radio, or radio modem, obtain a license prior to operating the radio, or radio modem. Some do not. Consult your local communications governing agency for licensing information.obtaining an operator s permit or license for the TRIMMARK 3 for the location or country-of-use is the responsibility of the end user. Before operating this radio modem, you are legally required to obtain frequency licenses as required by the country-of-use. Please contact your local communications governing agency for the licensing requirements for each of these radio modems. i.3 Safety Exposure to radio frequency (RF) energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment as a result of its actions in General Docket on March 13, Proper use of this radio modem results in exposure below government limits. The following precautions are recommended: vi TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

7 Regulations and Safety i DO NOT operate the transmitter when someone is within two feet (0.6 meter) of the antenna. DO NOT operate the transmitter unless all RF connectors are secure and any open connectors are properly terminated. DO NOT operate the equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere. All equipment must be properly grounded according to Trimble installation instructions for safe operation. All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide vii

8 i Regulations and Safety viii TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

9 Contents i Regulations and Safety v Type Approval v Licensing vi Safety vi 1 Introduction About the TRIMMARK Related Information Technical Assistance Your Comments Features and Functions Features Use and Care Equipment Sets Optional Accessories TRIMMARK 3 Description Power and I/O cables Default setings Standard Omnidirectional Antennas Operation Configuration Configuring the serial I/O port Connecting to a computer Getting started with WinFlash TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide ix

10 Contents Frequency list updates Firmware updates Installation TRIMMARK 3 base or repeater Installing the antenna Omnidirectional UHF whip antenna Characteristics and Specifications Antenna Gain Omnidirectional antennas Directional antennas Broadcast Network Frequency band and channel selection Wireless data rate Transmit power General Specifications Pinout information for Lemo 0-shell 7 pin connector Troubleshooting Using Radio Communication Systems with GPS Surveying Receivers Introduction Selecting Communications Radios Useful Field Procedures Summary Index x TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

11 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 In this chapter: About the TRIMMARK 3 Related Information Technical Assistance Your Comments This manual describes how to set up and use the Trimble TRIMMARK 3 radio modem. Even if you have used other Global Positioning System (GPS) products before, Trimble recommends that you spend some time reading this manual to learn about the special features of this product. If you are not familiar with GPS, visit Trimble s website ( for an interactive look at Trimble and GPS. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 1

12 1 Introduction 1.4 About the TRIMMARK 3 The TRIMMARK 3 radio modem, when used with a Trimble rover GPS receiver with an internal radio modem, provides a high-speed wireless data link between base and rover GPS receivers. 1.5 Related Information Sources of related information include the following: Release notes the release notes describe new features of the product, information not included in the manuals, and any changes to the manuals. They are provided as a.pdf file on the CD and are installed in the program directory (typically C:\Program Files\Trimble\WinFLASH\) when you install the software. Update notes there is a warranty activation sheet with this product. Send it in to automatically receive update notes containing important information about software and hardware changes. Contact your local Trimble dealer for more information about the support agreement contracts for software and firmware, and an extended warranty program for hardware. Trimble training courses Consider a training course to help you use your GPS system to its fullest potential. For more information, go to Technical Assistance If you have a problem and cannot find the information you need in the product documentation, contact your local dealer. Alternatively, do one of the following: Request technical support using the Trimble website at Send an to trimble_support@trimble.com 2 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

13 1.7 Your Comments Your feedback about the supporting documentation helps us to improve it with each revision. your comments to Introduction 1 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 3

14 1 Introduction 4 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

15 CHAPTER 2 Features and Functions 2 In this chapter: Features Use and Care Equipment Sets Optional Accessories TRIMMARK 3 Description Standard Omnidirectional Antennas The rugged TRIMMARK 3 radio modem is designed to operate in harsh environments, such as those associated with seismic and mining surveys. Used with a Trimble rover GPS receiver with an internal radio modem, the TRIMMARK 3 provides a convenient, versatile means of establishing a robust wireless data broadcast network for real-time differential and real-time kinematic GPS applications. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 5

16 2 Features and Functions 2.8 Features The TRIMMARK 3 has the following standard features: 20 channel capability Selectable 2, 10, and 25 Watts transmit power Narrowband UHF technology, available in three UHF bands ( MHz, MHz, MHz) Wireless data rate of 4800, 9600, or bps Interfaces with all Trimble survey-grade GPS receivers Channel Sharing (carrier detect) Supports up to two repeaters in a single network Rugged, weatherproof construction Two-line, 16-character VFD display Compatible with Trimble CMR and RTCM SC 104 version 3.0 Operational parameters configured through the WinFLASH utility, handheld controller, or front panel. Can be configured as Base, Repeater, or Rover Compatible with TRIMTALK 450S, TRIMMARK II, TRIMMARK IIe, and SiteNet 450 external radios, and Trimble 5700, Trimble 5800, Trimble R7, and Trimble R8 internal radios Note In this manual, CMR and CMR+ formats are both represented by CMR. 6 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

17 2.9 Use and Care Features and Functions 2 The TRIMMARK 3, as a base or repeater, is programmable in 2, 10, and 25 Watt output modes. As a rover, the unit will only receive. When the unit is configured as a base or rover, it can be connected to most Trimble survey-grade GPS receivers through a single serial I/O cable and a separate power cable. When used as a repeater, the TRIMMARK 3 operates autonomously and requires only a power and antenna connection, with no connection to the serial port. To achieve line-of-sight (LOS) coverage to all points in a survey area, a TRIMMARK 3 radio modem network can include up to two repeaters, depending on data format and output data rate. The repeaters retransmit data packets according to a simple time-sharing scheme to avoid mutual interference, and their operation is transparent to the rovers. The rovers will use the data packet from the base or repeater, whichever the rover detects first. The TRIMMARK 3 is designed to withstand rough treatment typical of equipment used in the field. However, the unit is a precision electronic instrument and should be treated with reasonable care. The radio modem operates in temperatures ranging from 40 C to +65 C ( 40 F to 149 F). The enclosure is sealed and weatherproof. C WARNING Operating or storing the TRIMMARK 3 outside the specified temperature range can damage the instrument. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 7

18 2 Features and Functions 2.10 Equipment Sets The TRIMMARK 3 is available as a stand-alone product or in one of two standard equipment sets, base or repeater. These standard equipment sets are designed for use with GPS receivers such as the Trimble 5700, Trimble 5800, Trimble R7, and Trimble R8 internal radios. The equipment sets contains the accessories required to operate the radio modems, including cables, mounts, and antennas. In the following lists: If xx in the P/N is... then the frequency band is Mhz Mhz Mhz Equipment Set Components P/N TRIMMARK 3 Radio only xx TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem xx Power cable Programming cable CD Radio Communications TRIMMARK 3 Repeater xx TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem xx TRIMMARK 3 transport case Power cable Programming cable CD Radio Communications Mounting pole Antenna mounting pole plate Antenna and pole carry pouch Whip antenna kit, 0 db/5 db (includes antenna mount and cable) xx TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

19 Features and Functions 2 Equipment Set Components P/N TRIMMARK 3 Base xx TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem xx TRIMMARK 3 transport case Power cable Programming cable CD Radio Communications Antenna mounting pole Antenna mounting pole plate Antenna and pole carry pouch Whip Antenna Kit, 0 db/5 db (includes antenna mount and cable) xx meter (25 foot) data I/O cable Note The standard base and repeater equipment sets are designed for use with GPS receivers such as the Trimble 4700, 4800, and For information about connecting to other GPS receivers, contact your local Trimble representative Optional Accessories You can purchase the following accessories in addition to the standard system: 18 AH Battery with carry pouch (P/N ) Battery charger, 18 AH (P/N ) TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 9

20 2 Features and Functions 2.12 TRIMMARK 3 Description The TRIMMARK 3 is packaged in a weatherproof housing. The front panel has a VFD display for channel frequency, radio status, and error messages, as shown in Figure 2.1. Figure 2.1 TRIMMARK 3 front panel There are seven main menus available through the front panel: CHANNEL Channel number and operating frequency MODE Base, Repeater, or Rover modes CHANNEL SHARING Carrier Detect settings TRANSMIT POWER 2, 10, or 25 Watts WIRELESS MODE Over-the-air data rate settings DATA PORT CONFIG Data port baud rate settings DEVICE STATUS Radio programming information When you power-up, the Channel menu opens automatically. Use the front panel control keys to select additional menus: NEXT Browse though the menu screens. UP / DOWN Scroll through items within the menus. 10 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

21 Features and Functions 2 SPEAKER Control the volume of the received audio signal on the currently selected channel. Set the volume high enough to hear any radio traffic that is present. Table 2.1 describes the main menu items and the selections within them. Certain items displayed on the front panel will differ according to your units settings. Table 2.1 Main menu TRIMMARK 3 menu hierarchy Menu selection Channel (up to 20 channels) Mode Base w/no Rpt Base w/one Rpt Base w/two Rpt Repeater 1 Repeater 2 Rover Channel Sharing Off Avoid Weak Sig Avoid Strong Sig Transmit Power Low Power 2 W Med Power 10 W High Power 25 W Wireless Mode TM II 4800 bps TT450S 9600 bps TT450S 4800 bps TM bps SiteNet 9600 bps SiteNet bps Data Port Config none odd none odd 1 Devices Status Call Sign (On/Off) CS: (call sign) Ser: (unit serial #) Ch Spacing (12.5/2.5 khz) Note Certain standard features may be disabled in your unit to comply with your country-of-use regulations. Figure 2.2 shows the rear panel with its three electrical connectors: ANTENNA connector (female TNC) POWER connector (two-pin LEMO) DATA connector (seven-pin LEMO, 0-shell) TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 11

22 2 Features and Functions Figure 2.2 TRIMMARK 3 rear panel Power and I/O cables The TRIMMARK 3 base equipment set contains: radio-to-receiver I/O cable (not provided in the repeater equipment set) antenna cable with integrated antenna mount power cable configuration cable (PC to radio modem). This lets you modify the radio modem configuration using WinFLASH. When configured as a base, the radio modem receives data at the DATA connector through a single LEMO-to-LEMO cable that plugs into a Trimble GPS receiver. When the unit is configured as a repeater, the data connection is not required. Power is supplied to the unit at the POWER connector from a suitable power source, either a stable DC power supply or a battery. 12 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

23 Features and Functions Default setings The TRIMMARK 3 radio modem is shipped from the factory with the following default settings: CHANNEL Channel 1 MODE Base with No Repeater CHANNEL SHARING Off TRANSMIT POWER Low Power 2 Watts WIRELESS MODE TMII 4800 bps DATA PORT CONFIG None 1 DEVICE STATUS Call Sign Off Note Before you use the TRIMMARK 3 for the first time, change the radio settings to your specific requirements using the WinFlash utility, which is provided on the TRIMMARK 3 CD. For more information, see Getting started with WinFlash, page Standard Omnidirectional Antennas If you purchase the radio modem as part of a base or repeater equipment set, you recieve a standard omnidirectional antenna (5 db gain UHF antenna with an interchangeable 0 db tip). You can use this antenna with a unit configured as a base or repeater. Attach the antenna to an integrated antenna mount and cable, then attach that to the antenna mounting pole on top of a tripod, using a tripod mounting plate. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 13

24 2 Features and Functions 14 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

25 CHAPTER 3 Operation 3 In this chapter: Configuration Installation The TRIMMARK 3 contains both a data modem and a radio and can be used in a variety of configurations to form a complete wireless data network. A typical configuration is as a base radio modem broadcasting directly to a Trimble 5700, Trimble 5800, Trimble R7, and Trimble R8 rover GPS receiver that contains an internal radio modem. Alternatively, the TRIMMARK 3 can also operate as a repeater. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 15

26 3 Operation 3.14 Configuration Each TRIMMARK 3 comes from the factory programmed with default settings, see Default setings, page 13. The default settings are stored in nonvolatile memory and serve as the initial settings for the radio modem at each power-up. You can reconfigure these settings as often as necessary using WinFlash or change some settings using the front panel menus Configuring the serial I/O port Note The BAUD RATE, FORMAT, and CTS settings for the GPS receiver must be configured to properly transfer data between the receiver and the radio modem. BAUD RATE must be set to match the maximum serial I/O rate of the radio modem (38400 bps) and is always set to 8 NONE 1. CTS flow control is disabled. To run WinFlash, the radio modem must be connected to a computer running Microsoft Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, or Windows NT. See the following sections for information on connecting the unit to your computer, installing WinFlash, and configuring the serial I/O settings. Alternatively, configure the serial port communication settings from the front panel, using the Data Port Config menu. Note Your computer must be able to support a bps serial port data rate Connecting to a computer 1. Connect the TRIMMARK 3 programming cable (P/N 32960) from the I/O port to the serial COM port on the computer. 2. Connect the power cable (P/N 40356) from the POWER connector to a suitable power source. 16 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

27 Operation Getting started with WinFlash WinFlash is a communications setup utility used to configure the TRIMMARK 3. To run WinFlash, you need Microsoft Windows 95/98/2000 or Windows NT on your computer. For more information on installing WinFlash, read the Release Notes file provided on the TRIMMARK 3 CD, or refer to the Microsoft Windows documentation. Using WinFlash 1. Click the WinFlash icon on your office computer desktop. The following dialog appears: 2. Follow the directions in the WinFlash window to make a logical connection to the radio modem: a. Select the appropriate PC serial port (COM port). b. Select TRIMMARK 3 Transceiver and then click Next. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 17

28 3 Operation The following dialog appears: 3. Select an operation to perform and then click Next. 18 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

29 Operation 3 a. The Settings Review window appears to confirm your selected operation. Click Finish. b. A connection status window appears, counts to 100%, and then displays the TRIMMARK 3 Configuration menu: Use the dialogs in the TRIMMARK 3 Configuration window to modify configuration settings: 1. In the Mode field, select the appropriate operating mode depending on intended use, for example, Base with No Repeaters. 2. In the RF Output Power field, select from 2, 10, or 25 Watts. 3. For base modes only, in the Channel Sharing field, select from the following: Off The carrier detect mode is OFF and your unit will ignore other transmissions on your frequency and continue to transmit data. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 19

30 3 Operation Note Channel Sharing set to Off may be illegal in your country-of-use. You may be subject to penalties or fines depending on the specific licensing requirements for your country-of-use. Please consult your radio license documentation or licensing agency for operational guidelines. Avoid Weak Signals The carrier detect mode is ON and the radio will cease transmitting if it detects another radio transmission on its frequency. It will resume transmission when the channel is free of radio traffic. Avoid Strong Signals The carrier detect mode is ON, but the radio will only stop transmitting when there is a strong signal present. (Receive level greater than 90 db) 4. Select the Enable Station ID box and enter your call sign. Note This is a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requirement for U.S. licensed users. This sets your radio to transmit your call sign in Morse code every 15 minutes. 5. In the Data Port group select the Baud Rate and Parity. This is the setting for communications between the receiver and radio. Note The default GPS Port settings for the TRIMMARK 3 are baud rate with None parity. The default Mode setting is Base with no Repeater, with Channel Sharing set to OFF. 6. In the Wireless Settings group, select the Current Channel, which determines the radio operating frequency, and the Wireless Mode, which determines the over-the-air communications settings. Note All radios in the network must be configured with the same Wireless Mode setting, or the radios will not communicate. 7. To update the configuration, click Set. Once the status dialog confirms that the configuration is complete, you can return to the main menu, or exit WinFLASH. 20 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

31 Operation 3 8. The RadioInfo button lets you view a text list of all the radio information, including its current configuration. B Tip You can print or save to file the radio configuration information for future reference, or to send to Trimble Support to aid in troubleshooting radio problems Frequency list updates The TRIMMARK 3 can be programmed with a list of up to 20 frequencies, stored in non-volatile memory. This list is preconfigured, based on the frequencies requested when the unit was ordered. Government regulations require that only manufacturers or authorized dealers can create this frequency list. All frequencies programmed into a TRIMMARK 3 must comply with regulations in the country-of-use. When you need to change the frequency list (add, delete, or replace frequencies), contact your Trimble dealer and provide the TRIMMARK 3 serial number and an updated list of the frequencies you require. Once you receive the frequency file, you can upgrade the radio using WinFlash Firmware updates TRIMMARK 3 firmware upgrades are periodically available from the Trimble website ( The radio firmware can also be upgraded using WinFlash. C WARNING Do not attempt to load older versions of firmware in the TRIMMARK 3 as this may cause the unit to lock up, and it will no longer communicate with the computer. Contact Trimble Support to reenable the unit, and transfer new firmware. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 21

32 3 Operation 3.1 Installation Before setting up the equipment in the field, make sure that each radio modem is set to the same channel and wireless data rate. Also make sure that the radio modem Data Port settings are Baud Rate and None Parity by using WinFlash or the front panel. Set the serial port settings for both base and rover GPS receivers to bps, 8 bits, none parity and 1 stop bit. Refer to the GPS receiver manual for general GPS receiver setup information. Note High-power signals from a near-by radio station or radar transmitter can overwhelm the radio modem circuits. This does not harm the instruments, but can prevent them from functioning correctly. To avoid problems, try not to use the radio modems within 400 meters (1300 feet) of powerful radar, television, or other transmitters. Low-power transmitters, such as those in portable phones and walkie-talkies, normally do not interfere with TRIMMARK 3 operations unless they are tuned to the same channel. Always monitor any frequency before and during operation. Only transmit on a clear channel. Also, to avoid possible interference with GPS reception, keep the base radio modem antenna as far as possible from the GPS antenna. Trimble recommends a minimum of 3 meters (10 feet). For precautions when using certain frequencies that can interfere with GPS operation, see Appendix 6, Using Radio Communication Systems with GPS Surveying Receivers, which is a copy of the Trimble publication /94, Using Radio Communication Systems with GPS Surveying Receivers. 22 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

33 Operation TRIMMARK 3 base or repeater You can install the TRIMMARK 3 in a network as a base station or as a repeater. Typically, the base is configured for 25 Watts output, and the repeater is configured at 2 or 10 Watts output power. C Installing the TRIMMARK 3 as a base 1. If necessary, reconfigure the unit s serial port settings to those of the GPS receiver. Configure the unit as a base with no repeaters, or with one or two repeaters. Ensure that all units in your network are configured according to their specific task within the network. 2. Before connecting the power cable: a. Attach the base antenna onto the mounting pole. b. Mount the entire antenna assembly on a tripod using the tripod mounting plate and connect the antenna cable to the TRIMMARK 3 radio modem. c. Attach the antenna cable to the ANTENNA port on the unit. 3. Connect the power cable from the TRIMMARK 3 POWER port to an appropriate 12 volt DC power source. WARNING Make sure that you connect the power cable with the correct polarity. Reversing polarity does not damage the base radio modem, however the protective 10 Amp fuse in the power cable will blow. 4. Connect the 8-meter (25-foot) data cable from the base radio modem DATA port to the GPS receiver data port. For Trimble 4700, 4800, or 5700 GPS receivers, this is Port 3 5. If the GPS receiver is outputting data, the base should now be in operation. Check the display on the TRIMMARK 3 and make sure that the TRAN (transmitting) message is flashing. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 23

34 3 Operation 6. If the TRIMMARK 3 displays BUSY, another radio transmission is present on the frequency you selected. Change frequencies until you locate a clear channel. 7. Make sure that you are on the correct channel, and power output. Installing the TRIMMARK 3 as a repeater To achieve coverage to all points in a survey area, a TRIMMARK 3 network can include up to two repeaters. The repeaters retransmit data packets in a way that avoids mutual interference with the base and each other. The operation of the repeaters is transparent to the rovers. The rover will use the data packets from the base or repeater, whichever it receives first. The option to include a repeater in a TRIMMARK 3 network depends on the selected wireless data rate and the broadcast information content and rate (that is, CMR vs. RTCM 2.x RTK packets at 1 Hz vs. 5 Hz RTK epoch rates). Table 3.2 shows when a repeater can be used in a network for various wireless data rates, RTK formats, and RTK epoch rates. Table 3.2 Repeater use in networks Wireless Data Rate (bps) DGPS CMR at 1 Hz CMR at 5 Hz RTCM 2.x at 1 Hz = Two repeaters can be used 1 = One repeater can be used 0 = No repeaters can be used 24 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

35 Operation 3 C To install a TRIMMARK 3 as a repeater: 1. If you are using only one repeater, make sure that the TRIMMARK 3 is configured for Repeater 1. If you are using a second repeater, make sure that it is also configured correctly as Repeater Make sure that the Base is set to be used as Base w/ One Repeater or Base w/ Two Repeaters as appropriate. 3. Before connecting the power cable: a. Assemble the repeater antenna, attach it to its mount and then connect the complete assembly to the antenna mounting pole. b. Mount the antenna assembly and pole on a tripod, using the tripod mounting plate and then connect the antenna cable to the TRIMMARK 3 at the Radio Antenna port. 4. Connect the power cable from the TRIMMARK 3 POWER port to an appropriate 12 volt DC power source. The front panel should display the Channel menu with the current channel being used. WARNING Make sure that you connect the power cable with the correct polarity. Reversing polarity does not damage the base radio modem, however the protective 10 Amp fuse in the power cable will blow. 5. To select the repeater radio modem channel to match the base radio modem channel, press the UP or DOWN key until the appropriate channel setting appears. 6. Press the NEXT key until TRANSMIT POWER appears and then select the appropriate power setting (2, 10, or 25 Watts). Note Use the minimal power setting to meet your needs. This conserves battery power, and minimizes the chance of your radio system interfering with other users. 7. Make sure that the channel assignments are the same for all base, rover, and repeater units. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 25

36 3 Operation 8. The repeater should now be operating. When the repeater receives data broadcast from the base, the unit will flash Rpt (Repeat) in the upper right corner of the display Installing the antenna When installing and locating an antenna, place it as high as legally possible above the ground and surrounding obstructions, such as trees, vehicles, buildings, and hills. Note Antenna height is the most important factor in achieving maximum range with a radio modem. Doubling the antenna height results in a 40% increase in line-of-sight range. If necessary, use low-loss cable to increase the length of the antenna cable for your installation. Consult your license for the legal limits on antenna height. Line-of-sight obstruction Objects (especially metal ones) placed near an antenna can severely limit the antenna s efficiency. If an antenna is mounted on an antenna mast, make sure the antenna s radiating element is completely above any obstruction Omnidirectional UHF whip antenna The UHF whip antenna shipped with your system is factory tuned to operate in the band you specified with your order, for example, MHz. Figure 3.3 on page 27 shows the correct antenna length for your frequency band. For more information, see page TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

37 Operation 3 Frequency Band (MHz) (cm) ±0.6 cm L1 (in) ±0.25 in (cm) ±0.6 cm L2 (in) ±0.25 in db gain tip IMPORTANT Check these lengths and adjust if necessary by loosening Allen screw 0 db gain tip L1 L2 Hand tighten antenna tip onto antenna feed IMPORTANT Check that the contact tab in the base of the antenna feed is at a to 0.6 cm (0.2 to 0.25 in.) Figure 3.3 Standard UHF omnidirectional antennas TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 27

38 3 Operation Directional antenna A directional antenna can increase the range in a particular direction, as shown in Figure 3.4. To take full advantage of its design, point the directional antenna toward the receiving or transmitting antenna. The directional antenna is designed to be mast-mounted with the antenna elements vertically oriented. All directional antennas in a wireless data network must be mounted with their antenna elements aligned to the same orientation. For more information, see page 32 or refer to the application sheet supplied with the directional antenna. Note Government regulations may prohibit the use of directional antennas. Figure 3.4 Directional antennas 28 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

39 CHAPTER 4 Characteristics and Specifications 4 In this chapter: Antenna Gain Broadcast Network General Specifications This chapter summarizes general characteristics and specifications of the TRIMMARK 3. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 29

40 4 Characteristics and Specifications 4.1 Antenna Gain The antennas supplied with the TRIMMARK 3 do not increase the energy radiated by the radio modem. They concentrate the energy from the radio modem in a particular direction. The degree to which they concentrate radio frequency energy in any particular direction is called directivity and is measured in decibels (db). The greater the antenna gain in db, the higher the directivity and the more the radiated energy from the antenna is concentrated in some direction Omnidirectional antennas An antenna that radiates energy equally in all directions (that is, at every azimuth) in the horizontal plane is called omnidirectional. However, these antennas are not omnidirectional in the vertical plane. Figure 4.5 shows the radiated energy patterns of the UHF omnidirectional antennas used with the radio modems. All omnidirectional antennas must be oriented vertically when used. 30 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

41 Characteristics and Specifications 4 Top view Azimuth Ground level view 5 db 0 db Elevation Figure 4.5 Omnidirectional antenna gain patterns The top view shows radiated energy patterns in the horizontal, or azimuth plane of the antennas, the plane that perpendicularly bisects the length of the antenna. For omnidirectional antennas, all azimuths receive equal energy, but the 5 db antenna radiates almost four times more power in the horizontal plane than the 0 db antenna. In an open field, four times more power approximately doubles the range. The ground level view shows radiated energy patterns in the vertical plane, or elevation, of the antennas. Much of the energy from the 5 db antenna is concentrated in elevation to within ±12 of horizontal. A rover antenna within this sector receives stronger signals from a 5 db antenna. However, at angles greater than 12 from horizontal, the 0 db gain antenna radiates more energy. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 31

42 4 Characteristics and Specifications Antenna gain has exactly the same effect on signal reception as it does on signal transmission. A high gain rover antenna can increase range performance as long as it is oriented correctly with respect to the transmitting antenna. For high gain antennas, this means keeping the antenna element vertical and at the same elevation as the transmitting antenna. Otherwise, it may be better to use an antenna with less gain Directional antennas Trimble no longer offers a directional antenna as an option. If required, the antennae can be purchased from a third party vendor (depending on applicable governmental regulations). Figure 4.6 on page 33 shows the radiated energy patterns of the directional antennas that can be used with the radio modems. The solid line depicts the directional antennas, compared with the dashed lines representing the omnidirectional antennas. In principle, the directional antenna is similar to a flashlight while an omnidirectional antenna is similar to a light bulb. The flashlight concentrates light into a narrow beam while a light bulb illuminates evenly, but usually not as far as the flashlight. 32 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

43 Characteristics and Specifications db +1 db +5 db +9 db -11 db +1 db +5 db +9 db horizontal pattern 90 9 db directional antenna patterns vertical pattern db +2 db +8 db +12 db db +2 db +8 db +12 db horizontal pattern Figure db directional antenna patterns Directional antenna gain patterns 270 vertical pattern directional Antenna omnidirectional Antenna A Yagi antenna focuses the radiated power into a directional transmission used for straight lines (±20 for the 9 db directional antenna or ±17 for the 12 db directional antenna ). Since most of the power is focused in one direction, a Yagi antenna transmits further in this direction than an omnidirectional antenna. The line-of-sight range increase for a unit using the 9 db directional antenna is about 1.6 times that obtained using the 5 db omnidirectional antenna. The line-of-sight range increase for a unit using the 12 db directional antenna is about twice that obtained using the 5 db omnidirectional antenna. The radio modem range varies TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 33

44 4 Characteristics and Specifications depending on line-of-sight visibility, blockage or absorption by vegetation, antenna pointing errors, antenna height, terrain anomalies, and local weather conditions. Note Directional antennas are useful for working in a straight line, such as, along railroad tracks or roads, or where repeaters are inconvenient or impossible, such as crossing lakes, or between mountains. Directional antennas have a limited ability to receive radio signals from any direction other than the direction in which they are pointed. For omnidirectional situations, Trimble recommends the 0 db or 5 db UHF omnidirectional antennas. Because of the trade-off between gain and vertical coverage, the TRIMMARK 3 is shipped with a 0 db/5 db UHF antenna tuned to the frequency band of your radio modem. 4.2 Broadcast Network The following sections describe the frequency bands, channel spacings and wireless data rates available with the TRIMMARK Frequency band and channel selection The TRIMMARK 3 Base/Repeater radio modem operates in one of the following frequency bands: MHz (UHF) MHz (UHF) MHz (UHF) Each unit operates in one of these bands, not across bands. The TRIMMARK 3 stores up to 20 factory pre-programmed frequencies, and operates on one of these frequencies, depending on which is selected. All 20 frequencies must be within one of the above frequency bands. Note For a network to operate, each radio modem in the network must be tuned to the same frequency. 34 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

45 Characteristics and Specifications 4 In addition, the TRIMMARK 3 is available in 2 different channel spacing configurations 12.5 khz, and 25 khz. Channel spacing refers to the minimum separation, in Hz, between two adjacent frequencies and can be regarded as the tuning resolution of the radio modem. Channel spacing is dependent on local government regulations Wireless data rate The wireless data rate is the speed, in bits per second (bps), at which the base unit transmits data to the rover unit. The TRIMMARK 3 can be used at 4800, 9600, or bps. Note Each radio modem in a wireless data network must have the same wireless data rate and channel spacing Transmit power The TRIMMARK 3 can be used as a base transmitter or repeater. Each unit can be configured to 2, 10, or 25 Watt power output. Configure the power settings from the front panel, or with WinFlash. Note To lower battery consumption, and reduce the risk of interfering with other users on your frequency, use the lowest power setting possible for your specific application. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 35

46 4 Characteristics and Specifications 4.3 General Specifications Table 4.3 and Table 4.4 contain information about the TRIMMARK 3. Table 4.3 Element Size Weight Power Connectors Temperature Humidity TRIMMARK 3 physical specifications Specification Width: 12.5 cm (4.9 in.) Depth: 22.9 cm (9.0 in.) Height: 7.9 cm (3.1 in.) 1.59 kg (3.5 lbs.) Input 12 to 16 VDC, nominal Power 2-pin LEMO (+VDC, GND) Data 7-pin female LEMO (supports RXD, TXD and SGND) Antennas TNC female Operating 40 to +65 C ( 40 to +149 F) Storage 55 to +75 C ( 67 to +167 F) 100%, fully sealed Table 4.4 TRIMMARK 3 typical performance Element Transmit power 1 Wireless data rate Frequency bands Specification 2 W, 10 W, 25 W 4800 bps, 9600 bps, bps MHz, MHz, or MHz. Only one band per radio modem Channel spacing 12.5 khz or 25 khz. Only one per radio modem Number of channels 2 Up to 20 factory pre-programmed frequencies, internally stored 2 RF modulation format Range Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) 25 W Base: 2 W Repeater: km (6 7 miles) 5 8 km (3 5 miles) 36 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

47 Characteristics and Specifications 4 Table 4.4 TRIMMARK 3 typical performance (continued) Element Varies with terrain and operational conditions. Up to two repeaters can be used to extend range. Power consumption 3 25 W Base: 75 W 4800 bps 25 W 9600 bps Battery life Serial port 4 Specification 25 W Base: 2 W Repeater: 8 hours on one 18 Ah battery; typical at 20 C ( bps 16 hours on one 18 Ah battery; typical at 20 C (70 F) One set of RS-232 signals available. Data is 8 bits with selectable parity and 1 stop bit. Supported data rates are 9600, and bps. 1 All units are shipped from the factory set at 2 W power output. 2 Use the same frequency for all radio modems in the same wireless data network. 3 Power consumption, and battery life, depends on the broadcast information content and wireless data rate. For example, CMR versus RTCM SC-104 Ver. 2.x packets at 1 Hz epoch rates versus 5 Hz epoch rates. 4 Communications rate between the Radio and GPS Receiver, not Wireless Rate. Table 4.5 contains information about the antennas. Table 4.5 Antenna specifications Antenna Type Length (typical) Weight Standard 0 db UHF omni whip 47 cm (18.5 in.) 0.5 kg (1.0 lb.) Standard 5 db UHF omni whip 99 cm (39 in.) 0.5 kg (1.1 lb.) TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 37

48 4 Characteristics and Specifications 43.1 Pinout information for Lemo 0-shell 7 pin connector Figure 4.7 shows the pinout information for the Lemo 0-shell 7 pin connector. 1 Signal ground 2 Power ground 3 TXD SCC2 - primary port 4 TXD SCC3 - aux port 5 Aux port 6 Power 7 Primary port Figure 4.7 Lemo 0-shell connector 38 TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide

49 CHAPTER 5 Troubleshooting 5 These status messages and troubleshooting tips may help you to isolate and correct system configuration or operational issues. Status messages may be displayed as a one or two line message on the front panel of the unit. There are no user-serviceable parts in the TRIMMARK 3 radio modem. Contact your Trimble representative or local service provider for assistance. Message Description Action Battery Low The battery voltage is below Replace the battery as soon as possible volts. Battery Low, Radio Turned Off Data Overload, Check GPS Config The battery voltage has dropped below 10.8 volts and the radio has stopped transmitting. Replace the battery. The unit will reset and begin transmitting again. Note Battery low voltage levels are approximate and may vary according to various factors, such as battery condition, radio modem operating mode, and other environmental factors. The wireless data rate is set too low for the amount of data you are attempting to transmit, for example, 5 Hz CMRs at 4800 baud. Increase the wireless data rate or change the type of packets you are transmitting. TRIMMARK 3 Radio Modem User Guide 39