ALMA CASA Calibration
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- Percival French
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1 ALMA CASA Calibration Allegro - CASA Tutorial Day Luke T. Maud 3 March 2017
2 Calibration - the basics Remove effects of the instrument itself Remove effects of the atmosphere Scaling to the correct flux Please ask questions throughout if anything is unclear
3 Calibration - the basics Remove effects of the instrument itself - variations in frequency as a function of amplitude and phase - variation in receiver noise (Tsys) - effects of shadowing - antenna positions Remove effects of the atmosphere - atmospheric variability (phase) - atmospheric attenuation as function of time (Tsys) Scaling to the correct flux -using an astronomical source
4 Calibration - the basics Remove effects of the instrument itself - variations in frequency as a function of amplitude and phase - Bandpass - variation in receiver noise (Tsys) - Tsys load - effects of shadowing - Flagging - antenna positions - All sky runs Remove effects of the atmosphere - atmospheric variability (phase) - WVRs + Gain Calibrator - atmospheric attenuation as function of time (Tsys) - Tsys load Scaling to the correct flux -using an astronomical source - Flux Calibrator
5 Calibration - the basics Bandpass QSO -freq. response Flux planet/qso Temporal Gains WVR system QSO - phase/amp CHECK THE CALIBRATIONS ON THE CALIBRATORS!! Apply calibrations to the science target
6 Calibration - with CASA All run from the scriptforpi.py - manual calibration - uid XXXXX_scriptForCalibration.py - pipeline calibration - casa_piperestorescript.py - casa_pipescript.py
7 Calibration - with CASA All run from the scriptforpi.py - manual calibration - uid XXXXX_scriptForCalibration.py - + scriptforimagingprep.py - + scriptforimaging.py - pipeline calibration - casa_piperestorescript.py - casa_pipescript.py - + scriptforimagingprep.py - + scriptforimaging.py
8 Calibration - with CASA All run from the scriptforpi.py - manual calibration - uid XXXXX_scriptForCalibration.py - + scriptforimagingprep.py - + scriptforimaging.py - pipeline calibration - casa_piperestorescript.py - casa_pipescript.py - + scriptforimagingprep.py - + scriptforimaging.py
9 Calibration - with CASA MANUAL PIPELINE Please navigate to your: uid_xxxxx_scriptforcalibration.py OR pipeline-weblog -> index.html > cd /lustre/allegro/home/guestx/ open_casa_training_day/analysis/guestx
10 Calibration - with CASA MANUAL PIPELINE
11 Calibration - with CASA MANUAL PIPELINE
12 Calibration - Tsys, AntPos, WVR MANUAL PIPELINE - gencal - this generates the Tsys correction table - flagdata - used to flag the bad response TDM edge channels Weblog WHY? : Correct for sky and receiver noise/variation Plots : in QA (or calibration ) directory / weblog *tsys*plots
13 Calibration - Tsys, AntPos, WVR MANUAL PIPELINE - gencal - this generates the antpos correction table - comment out/in the parameters Weblog WHY? : Correct for antenna pad location Plots : none - tabular list of offsets
14 Calibration - Tsys, AntPos, WVR MANUAL PIPELINE - wvrgcal - reads the water vapour radiometer signals per antenna and creates the antenna based phase solutions Weblog WHY? : Correct for atmospheric phase variations caused by the water vapour - short term Plots : in QA (or calibration ) directory / weblog *wvr.smooth.plots
15 Calibration - Tsys, AntPos, WVR MANUAL PIPELINE The atmosphere is continually varying - when on source and when on the calibrators - WVR acts to reduce the phase variations on ALL sources!
16 Calibration - Tsys, AntPos, WVR MANUAL PIPELINE BEFORE WVR AFTER WVR The atmosphere is continually varying - when on source and when on the calibrators - WVR acts to reduce the phase variations on ALL sources!
17 Calibration - intermediate split MANUAL PIPELINE
18 Calibration - The data Bandpass - Flux Cal - [Gain Cal - Source] x repeat check source Plots : plotms(vis) - set colorize to field & channel averaging to yaxis = amp weblog - hif_applycal (after calibration only)
19 Calibration - The data Bandpass - Flux Cal - [Gain Cal - Source] x repeat check source Plots : plotms(vis) - set colorize to field & channel averaging to yaxis = phase, iteraxis= baseline weblog - hif_applycal (after calibration only)
20 Calibration - Bandpass The Source - strong source with enough S/N per channel (caution - v.high S/N if your target is strong in continuum and you search for a weak line - check with your Contact Scientist) - observed 5-10 minutes at start of observing run The Steps must phase-up - simple phase calibration on selected narrow range of channels to correct for decorrelation with time apply phase solution on-the-fly and correct for the frequency response
21 Calibration - Bandpass (1) MANUAL PIPELINE - gaincal - creates antenna based solutions to solve phases - caltable - table that will hold solutions - spw - select centre of bandwidth (dependent on width) - calmode - p for phase only - refant - reference antenna - centrally located Weblog WHY? :Phase up - solve phases with time! Plots : in QA (or calibration ) directory / weblog *ap_pre_bandpass.plots
22 Calibration - Bandpass (1) MANUAL PIPELINE solint = int INT is the integration time Usually 6 sec - gaincal - creates antenna based solutions to solve phases - caltable - table that will hold solutions - spw - select centre of bandwidth (dependent on width) - calmode - p for phase only - refant - reference antenna - centrally located Weblog WHY? :Phase up - solve phases with time! Plots : in QA (or calibration ) directory / weblog *ap_pre_bandpass.plots
23 Calibration - Bandpass (1) BEFORE DA41 - Soln. DA49 - Soln. AFTER
24 Calibration - Bandpass (2) MANUAL PIPELINE - bandpass - creates antenna based solutions for amp & phase with Freq. - caltable - table that will hold solutions - combine - scan - all data needs to be combined for each SPW - bandtype - B for bandpass. BP for B-poly if you bandpass is noisy - use with care Weblog WHY? :Solve for the frequency dependence Plots : in QA (or calibration ) directory / weblog *bandpass.plots & *bandpass_smoothxxxx.plots
25 Calibration - Bandpass (2) MANUAL PIPELINE - solint - inf to average in time 4MHz or XXch for averaging in frequency - bandpass - creates antenna based solutions for amp & phase with Freq. - caltable - table that will hold solutions - combine - scan - all data needs to be combined for each SPW - bandtype - B for bandpass. BP for B-poly if you bandpass is noisy - use with care Weblog WHY? :Solve for the frequency dependence Plots : in QA (or calibration ) directory / weblog *bandpass.plots & *bandpass_smoothxxxx.plots
26 Calibration - Bandpass (2) BEFORE AMP. PHASE AFTER
27 Calibration - Flux The Source - Solar System Object (SSO) - caution too resolved is an issue - QSO known/monitored source The Steps use setjy to set the flux scaling to refer to later - GC1- phase up all sources required for flux scaling to solve for decorrelation - flux cal, BP cal, gain cal (caution with resolved sources!!!) - GC2- apply the phase-up on-the-fly and solve the amplitudes Gain cal steps scale the amplitude gains according to the output flux of the flux calibrator - bootstrapping!
28 Calibration - Flux (1) SSO MANUAL PIPELINE QSO - setjy - sets the flux scaling for the flux calibrator source - standard - the model OR manual Weblog WHY? :Setting the correct flux scale to use later Plots : in QA directory / weblog
29 Calibration - Flux (1) SSO MANUAL PIPELINE QSO - setjy - sets the flux scaling for the flux calibrator source - standard - the model OR manual WHY? :Setting the correct flux scale to use later Plots : in QA directory / weblog
30 Calibration - Gains The Source - QSO point source - known amp and phase visibilities What? - Short term phases - Long term amplitudes - ~Long term phases - per visit to phase calibrator The steps phase-up to solve for decorrelation due to rapid phase changes cause be atmosphere - *required to get the correct amplitudes Slow variation of amplitude with time - solved with phaseup solutions applied on-the-fly Phase variations due to atmospheric changes are monitored by the gain calibrator and interpolated to the source
31 Calibration - Gains (1) - phase int MANUAL PIPELINE - gaincal - creates the antenna based phase solutions - field - ALL calibrator sources - solint - int should be selected for best phase solutions - gaintable - apply bandpass OTF Weblog WHY? :Correct for all phase variations in time Plots : in QA directory / weblog *split.phase_int.plots
32 Calibration - Gains (1) - phase int MANUAL PIPELINE - gaincal - creates the antenna based phase solutions - field - ALL calibrator sources - solint - int should be selected for best phase solutions - gaintable - apply bandpass OTF Weblog If one (or more) of your calibrators is weak (HF data) this can be increased or multiple gain tables are required, be aware this could cause fluxes to have a larger uncertainty unless atmosphere is stable
33 Calibration - Gains (1) - phase int ~short baseline <1 km
34 Calibration - Gains (1) - phase int Long baseline >5 km Hence, if the phases are not solved for the amplitude solutions in gains (2) would not be correct as there is much decorrelation due to atmospheric phase variations (worse for longer baselines and higher frequencies)
35 Calibration - Gains (2) - amp inf MANUAL PIPELINE - gaincal - creates the antenna based amp solutions - field - ALL calibrator sources - solint - inf i.e. per scan/visit to the gain cal - gaintable - apply bandpass AND the int phase-up solutions OTF Weblog WHY? :Correct for slow amplitude variations in time Plots : in QA directory / weblog *split.ampli_int.plots OR *split.flux_inf.plots
36 Calibration - Gains (2) - amp inf Solutions ONLY every visit to the gain calibrator
37 Calibration - Flux (2) MANUAL PIPELINE - fluxscale - compares the input amplitude gain table and the model in setjy - caltable - the long term amplitude gains previously solved - fluxtable - the new output gain table with correct gains to scale fluxes - reference - the source used with the setjy model earlier WHY? :Setting the correct gains for flux scaling Plots : in QA directory / weblog *split.flux_inf.plots File : *split.fluxscale
38 Calibration - Flux (2) MANUAL PIPELINE - fluxscale - compares the input amplitude gain table and the model in setjy - caltable - the long term amplitude gains previously solved - fluxtable - the new output gain table with correct gains to scale fluxes - reference - the If one source (or used more) with of your the setjy calibrators is weak (HF data) model the flux earlier reported could appear higher some SPWs in particular narrow ones - as amplitude errors can ONLY be positive - can also map other SPW solutions WHY? :Setting the correct gains for flux scaling Plots : in QA directory / weblog *split.flux_inf.plots File : *split.fluxscale
39 Calibration - Gains (3) - phase inf MANUAL PIPELINE - gaincal - creates the antenna based phase solutions - field - ALL calibrator sources - solint - inf i.e. per scan/visit to the gain cal - gaintable - apply bandpass Weblog WHY? :Correct for phase variations in time (per scan) to apply to the science target Plots : in QA directory / weblog *split.phase_inf.plots
40 Calibration - Gains (3) - phase inf Recall - int - integration time ~short baseline <1 km
41 Calibration - Gains (3) - phase inf Recall - int - integration time Now inf - i.e per gain can scan ~short baseline <1 km
42 Calibration - Gains (3) - phase inf Recall - int Now inf - i.e per gain can scan ~short baseline <1 km
43 Calibration - tables Bandpass QSO -freq. response *ap_pre.bandpass (applied OTF) *split.bandpass OR *split.bandpass_smooth20ch Flux planet/qso setjy (task) *split.flux_inf Temporal Gains WVR system QSO - phase/amp *ms.wvrgcal (pre applied) *split.ampli_inf *split.bandpass (applied OTF) *split.phase_int (applied OTF) *split.phase_inf *split.bandpass (applied OTF)
44 Calibration - tables Bandpass QSO -freq. response Flux planet/qso Temporal Gains WVR system QSO - phase/amp setjy (task) *ms.wvrgcal (pre applied) *split.bandpass OR *split.bandpass_smooth20ch *split.flux_inf *split.ampli_inf *split.phase_inf SCIENCE TARGET
45 Calibration - Application MANUAL PIPELINE - applycal - applies the calibration tables Weblog WHY? :Apply all required tables Plots : use plotms(), QA directory / weblog
46 Calibration - Application (1) MANUAL - applycal - applies the calibration tables - gaintable - order to apply, BP, phase, flux - gainfield - which field to use in the gaintable - interp - the interpolation mode to use
47 Calibration - Application (1) MANUAL - field - these are the bandpass, flux cal, check source ORDER!! - which field is used from which table - calwt - true for correct weight for CASA >4.3.1, for correct ACA + 12m merging - applycal - applies the calibration tables - gaintable - order to apply, BP, phase, flux - gainfield - which field to use in the gaintable - interp - the interpolation mode to use For all calibrators EXCEPT phase cal, the int phase solution is applied from itself
48 Calibration - Application (2) MANUAL - applycal - apply the calibration tables - to the science target
49 Calibration - Application (2) MANUAL - applycal - apply the calibration tables - to the science target - field - gain cal & science target - inf phase solution - can only interpolate phases - gainfield - solutions for field 1 are applied to BOTH 1 and 4 The gaincal and the science target have the solutions from the gaincal applied to them
50 Calibration - Application (2)
51 Calibration - The data (amp) Recall - raw data
52 Calibration - The data (amp) Recall - raw data Corrected - flux scale set!
53 Calibration - The data (phase) Recall - raw data - all baselines - phases everywhere
54 Calibration - The data (phase) Recall - raw data - single baseline - non-zero calibrator phases
55 Calibration - The data (phase) Recall - corrected data - single baseline - calibrators ~ zero phase
56 Calibration - The data (phase) Recall - corrected data - ALL baseline - calibrators ~ zero phase
57 Calibration - The data (phase) Recall - corrected data - ALL baseline - calibrators ~ zero phase The bandpass was also the gain cal - so only has inf solution applied here - hence is not exactly at zero phase
58 Calibration - The data (phase) Recall - corrected data - ALL baseline - calibrators ~ zero phase Ceres is resolved on longer baselines >200m therefore - phase are non-zero
59 Calibration - caveats Solar system object as flux cal - more steps Narrow and wideband mixed (e.g. 2GHz and <250MHz) - SPW mapping Low SNR issues on gain cals - SPW combination Lots of narrow SPW - Bandwidth Switching
60 Calibration - COMPLETE!! Now ready for imaging
61 Calibration - Gains (1) SSO MANUAL PIPELINE - antenna - select the antennas close OR - uvrange - select a short uvrange (e.g. <200m) WHY? :Correct for all phase variations in time - short baselines - SSO is unresolved - 2 STEPS!! Plots : in QA directory / weblog *split.phase_short_int.plots
62 Calibration - Gains (1) SSO ONLY baselines <200m used to bootstrap flux value to other calibrators - i.e. assume a point source such that a phase-up can be accomplished (i.e. phase_short) Plots: QA directory
63 Calibration - Gains (2) SSO MANUAL PIPELINE - gaincal - creates the antenna based amp solutions - field - ALL calibrator sources - solint - inf i.e. per scan/visit to the gain cal - gaintable - apply bandpass AND the int SHORT phase-up solutions OTF WHY? :Correct for slow amplitude variations in time Plots : In some cases in QA directory / weblog *split.ampli_short_int.plots
64 Calibration - Flux (2) SSO MANUAL PIPELINE WHY? :Setting the correct gains for flux scaling - then recalibrate all baselines with bootstrapped flux Plots : in QA directory / weblog - *split.flux_inf.plots
65 Calibration - Flux (2) SSO MANUAL PIPELINE - loop - searches the *fluxscale file for the flux of another calibrator - gain cal WHY? :Setting the correct gains for flux scaling - then recalibrate all baselines with bootstrapped flux Plots : in QA directory / weblog - *split.flux_inf.plots
66 Calibration - Flux (2) SSO MANUAL PIPELINE - setjy - called again to set gain cal bootstrapped flux - loop - searches the *fluxscale file for the flux of another calibrator - gain cal WHY? :Setting the correct gains for flux scaling - then recalibrate all baselines with bootstrapped flux Plots : in QA directory / weblog - *split.flux_inf.plots
67 Calibration - Redo-Gains/Flux - SSO MANUAL PIPELINE - gaincal - creates the antenna based phase solutions - ALL baselines - gaincal - creates the antenna based amp solutions - ALL baselines WHY? : Resolve phase-up, then re-solve amplitudes for ALL baselines after flux bootstrap from resolved SSO
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