Beginning Digital Image

Transcription

1 Beginning Digital Image Processing Using Free Tools for Photographers Sebastian Montabone Apress

2 Contents Contents at a Glance Contents About the Author About the Technical Reviewer Acknowledgments Introduction iv...v xii xiii.xiv...xv Chapter 1: Digital Photography...1 Light and Photography 2 Digital Camera 5 Lens 6 Viewfinder or LCD Screen 7 Sensor 9 Storage 9 Controls 10 Creating a Photograph 11 Composition 11 Exposure 23 Post-Processing 29 Summary 30 Chapter 2: Digital Images 31 Vector Images vs. Raster Images 31 Resolution 32 Resolution for Computer Displays 32 Resolution for Printing 35

3 Aspect Ratio 36 Color 38 Color Depth 39 Color Spaces 40 File Formats 44 JPG 44 GIF 44 PNG 45 TIFF 45 OpenEXR 45 Which Format Should You Use? 45 Starting to Use the Tools 46 Changing File Formats with Gimp 46 Changing File Formats with ImageMagick 47 Summary 47 Chapter 3: Geometric Transforms 49 Resizing 49 Resizing Methods 50 Resizing with Gimp 51 Resizing with ImageMagick 53 Resizing Print Size 54 Cropping 55 Cropping with Gimp 59 Cropping with ImageMagick 63 Rotating 63 Rotating with Gimp 63 Rotating with ImageMagick 69 Flipping 69 Flipping with Gimp 70 Flipping with ImageMagick 70

4 Summary., 70 Chapter 4: Color Transforms < 71 White Balance 71 Adjusting White Balance with Gimp, Adjusting Color Balance with Gimp, Brightness and Contrast 77 Hue and Saturation 81 Grayscale 85 Curves 85 Summary 96 Chapter 5: Filters...97 Selecting a Region 97 Rectangle Select 98 Ellipse Select Tool 99 Free Select Tool 100 Fuzzy Select Tool 101 Select By Color 102 Intelligent Scissors Select Tool 103 Adding and Removing Regions 104 Editing the Selection 104 Blur 105 Simple Blur 105 Gaussian Blur 106 Motion Blur 109 Pixelize 111 Sharpness 113 Sharpen 113 Unsharp Mask 113 Noise Reduction 117

5 Artistic Filters 119 Old Photo 119 Softglow 120 Summary 121 Chapter 6: Photo Retouching, 123 Red-Eye Removal 123 Object Removal 126 Removing Objects with Gimp 127 Removing Objects with the Clone Tool 133 Removing Small Objects with the Healing Tool 136 Selective Colorization 137 Metadata 143 ExifTool 144 Reading Metadata Modifying Metadata 147 Organizing Files Using Metadata 148 Summary 149 Chapter 7: HDR Imaging 151 Generating an HDR Image 153 Generating an HDR Image from One RAW File 153 Generating an HDR Image from Multiple Pictures 157 Generating the HDR Image with Qtpfsgui 160 Tone Mapping 165 Tone Mapping with Qtpfsgui 165 Mantiuk 167 Fattal 169 Drago 171 Durand 173 Reinhard ' Reinhard'05 177

6 Ashikhmin 179 Pattanaik 181 Summary 183 Chapter 8: Distortion Correction 185 Lens Distortion Correction 185 Radial Distortion 185 Vignetting 187 Lens Distortion Correction with Gimp 188 Perspective Distortion Correction 194 Perspective Distortion Correction Using Gimp 196 Correcting Perspective Distortions with Shear 201 Summary 204 Chapter 9: Panorama Photo Stitching Capturing a Panorama 205 Image Projections 208 Creating Panoramas With Hugin 209 Regular Crop 215 Crop With Filling 216 Creating More Complex Panoramas 217 Other Projections 221 Creating a Metal Sphere With Hugin 222 Creating a Little Planet With Hugin 222 Creating a Little Planet With Gimp 223 Hugin Options Summary 234 Chapter 10: Movie Editing 235 User Interface 235 Frame Selection and Playback Options 235 Codecs and Video Formats 238

7 Frame Rate 239 Saving Your Project 240 Filters 240 Transform Filters 241 Color Filters 248 More Filters 250 Summary 251 Chapter 11: Canon Hack Development Kit 253 Installation 254 Creating the Files in Microsoft Windows 254 Creating the Files in Ubuntu 256 Asking the Camera for Its Firmware Version 256 Shooting in RAW, 258 Using Zebra Mode 259 Displaying Grids 261 Changing the Exposure time 262 Bracketing mode 263 Games and More 266 Running Scripts 270 Summary 273 Appendix: Installing the Tools 275 GIMP 275 Installing GIMP in Microsoft Windows 275 Installing GIMP in Ubuntu 275 UFRaw 275 Installing UFRaw in Microsoft Windows 275 Installing UFRaw in Ubuntu 276 Resyntheziser 276 Installing Resyntheziser in Microsoft Windows 276

8 Installing Resyntheziser in Ubuntu 278 Imagemagick 278 Installing Imagemagick in Microsoft Windows 278 Installing Imagemagick in Ubuntu 279 Hugin 279 Installing Hugin in Microsoft Windows 279 Installing Hugin in Ubuntu 279 Qtpfsgui 279 Installing Qtpfsgui in Microsoft Windows 279 Installing Qtpfsgui in Ubuntu 280 Avidemux Installing Avidemux in Microsoft Windows 280 Installing Avidemux in Ubuntu 280 ExifTool Installing ExifTool in Microsoft Windows 280 Installing ExifTool in Ubuntu 281 Index 283