Medieval Manuscripts INK & PIGMENT SAMPLER

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1 Medieval Manuscripts INK & PIGMENT SAMPLER

2 Medieval Manuscripts INK & PIGMENT SAMPLER This ink and pigment sampler was compiled by the Special Collections Conservation Unit of the Preservation Department of Yale University Library. If you have any comments or questions please the paper conservator at:

3 Pigments & Inks This pigment sampler set contains samples of pigments most commonly used in illuminated manuscripts. Blues MINERAL Azurite Lapis Lazuli Smalt Blues ORGANIC Indigo Woad Folium Purples ORGANIC Folium Cochineal Lake Tyrian Purple Reds MINERAL Minium Cinnabar BOARD 1 BOARD 2 BOARD 3 BOARD 4 Reds MINERAL Red ochres Red bole Reds ORGANIC Madder lake Brazilwood lake Reds ORGANIC Cochineal lake Dragon s blood Yellows MINERAL Orpiment Yellow ochre Raw sienna BOARD 5 BOARD 6 BOARD 7 BOARD 8 Yellows ORGANIC Yellow lake (buckthorn) Weld lake Saffron Greens MINERAL Malachite Green earth Verdigris Greens ORGANIC Sap green Browns MINERAL Burnt sienna Raw umber Burnt umber Brown ochre BOARD 9 BOARD 10 BOARD 11 BOARD 12 Whites MINERAL Lead white Chalk Gypsum Bone white Blacks ORGANIC Lamp black Vine black Peach black Irongall ink Gall nuts Iron (II) sulfate Gum arabic Additives Carbon ink Lamp black Gum arabic BOARD 13 BOARD 14 BOARD 15 BOARD 16 When using the pigment sampler set, please handle the boards with care. Always interleave boards with the silicon sheets provided; this helps avoid abrasion of the painted pigment samples. Please note that the recipe number next to certain pigment samples refers to the numbers found in the ink and pigment recipe booklet which accompanies this sampler set.

4 Blues mineral AZURITE Basic copper sulfate Blue malachite Mountain blue German blue Lapis armenius (Pliny) Azurium citramarinum AZURITE MP, DEEP, CONGO, AFRICA (KREMER PIGMENTS 10204) LAPIS LAZULI Lazurite Ultramarine (natural) Azurum ultramarinum Azurum transmarinum Persian blue LAPIS LAZULI, MEDIUM QUALITY, AFGHANISTAN (KREMER PIGMENTS 10510) LAPIS LAZULI LAPIS LAZULI, CHILE (KREMER PIGMENTS ) SMALT Azure blue Saxon blue Blue sand Starch blue SMALT, STANDARD GRIND (KREMER PIGMENTS 10000)

5 Blues organic INDIGO Indicum (Pliny) India blue INDIGO, GENUINE, INDIGOFERA TINTORIA (KREMER PIGMENTS 36000) WOAD Glastum Gaudus herba Dyer s woad Pastel INDIGO FROM WOAD (KREMER PIGMENTS 36003) FOLIUM Turnsole Chrozophora tinctoria Dyer s croton FOLIUM CLOTHLET (KREMER PIGMENTS 36018)

6 Reds mineral MINIUM DUE TO PIGMENT S POTENTIAL TOXICITY, WE ARE UNABLE TO INCLUDE A SAMPLE IN THE KIT. Red lead Orange lead Lead oxide red Saturn red Lead tetroxide RED LEAD, MINIUM (KREMER PIGMENTS 42500) CINNABAR Mercuric sulfide Vermilion (synthetic) English Vermilion CINNABAR, MONTE AMIATA, ITALY (KREMER PIGMENTS 10610) CINNABAR CINNABAR FINE, CHINA (KREMER PIGMENTS 10625)

7 Reds mineral RED OCHRE Red iron oxide Indian red Venetian red Spanish red Red chalk Bole BURGUNDY RED OCHRE DEEP, FRANCE (KREMER PIGMENTS 11577) RED OCHRE RED IRON OXIDE, NATURAL, HEMATITE (KREMER PIGMENTS 48600) RED OCHRE SPANISH RED OCHRE, CASTILLE (KREMER PIGMENTS 11584) RED BOLE Bole Bolus Armenian bole RED BOLE, NATURAL RED EARTH FROM GERMANY (KREMER PIGMENTS 40503)

8 Reds organic MADDER ROOT KREMER PIGMENTS (PIECES) KREMER PIGMENTS (GROUND) MADDER LAKE Rubia tinctorium Rose madder Garancine Dyer s root KREMER PIGMENTS RECIPE M M-1 BRAZILWOOD Bresilwood Bresill Pernambucco wood Verzino KREMER PIGMENTS (PIECES) CLOTHLET RECIPE B-1 BRAZILWOOD LAKE RECIPE B-2 RECIPE B-3 B-2 B-3

9 Reds organic COCHINEAL INSECTS Coccus cacti KREMER PIGMENTS (INSECTS) KREMER PIGMENTS (GROUND) COCHINEAL Carmine Crimson lake Grana Scarlet lake Purple lake CLOTHLET RECIPE C-1 CLOTHLET RECIPE C-3 DRAGON S BLOOD Sanguis darconis DRAGON S BLOOD, RESINA DRACAENA, SUMATRA (KREMER PIGMENTS 37000)

10 Purples organic FOLIUM Turnsole Chrozophora tinctoria Dyer s croton FOLIUM CLOTHLET (KREMER PIGMENTS 36018) COCHINEAL LAKE Carmine Crimson lake Grana Scarlet lake Purple lake KREMER PIGMENTS (INSECTS) RECIPE C-2 RECIPE C-2 DUE TO PIGMENT S PROHIBITIVE COST, WE ARE UNABLE TO INCLUDE A SAMPLE IN THE KIT. TYRIAN PURPLE Imperial purple Murex purple Purpurissum Whelk red

11 Yellows organic GREEN BUCKTHORN BERRIES Dyer s buckthorn Rhamnus French, Avignon or Persian berries KREMER PIGMENTS (WHOLE) KREMER PIGMENTS (GROUND) YELLOW LAKE Stil de grain Dutch pink French pink Made from green buckthorn berries RECIPE BT-1 RECIPE BT-3 BT-1 BT-3 WELD LAKE Reseda Luteola (plant) Gualda (plant) Gaude yellow Italian pink Laque de Gaudes RESEDA LAKE (KREMER PIGMENTS 36262) SAFFRON Crocus sativus L. (plant) SAFFRON THREADS

12 Yellows mineral ORPIMENT DUE TO PIGMENT S POTENTIAL TOXICITY, WE ARE UNABLE TO INCLUDE A SAMPLE IN THE KIT. Arsenic trisulfide Arsenic yellow King s yellow Auripigmentum Arsenikon Arzicon (arsicon) ORPIMENT (KREMER PIGMENTS 37390) YELLOW OCHRE Yellow earth Gold ochre French ochre Goethite SATIN OCHRE, MONTE AMIATA (KREMER PIGMENTS 40260) RAW SIENNA Italian earth RAW SIENNA, ITALY (KREMER PIGMENTS 40400)

13 Greens mineral MALACHITE Basic copper carbonate Mountain green Hungarian green Green Bice Iris green MALACHITE (KREMER PIGMENTS 37390) GREEN EARTH Terre verte Creta viridis Celadon green Verona earth VERONA GREEN EARTH (KREMER PIGMENTS 41700) VERDIGRIS Basic copper acetate Copper green Aerugo Viride aeris Spanish green VERDIGRIS (KREMER PIGMENTS 44450)

14 Greens organic RIPE BUCKTHORN BERRIES Dyer s buckthorn Rhamnus French, Avignon or Persian berries KREMER PIGMENTS (WHOLE) KREMER PIGMENTS (GROUND) SAP GREEN Bladder green Vert de vessie Made from ripe buckthorn berries RECIPE BT-2 RECIPE BT-4 BT-2 BT-4

15 Browns mineral BURNT SIENNA Italian earth Burnt ochre BURNT SIENNA NO. 3, DARK, ITALY (KREMER PIGMENTS 40430) RAW UMBER Umber earth Umbra Cyprus umber Turkish umber RAW UMBER, GREENISH, ITALY (KREMER PIGMENTS 40612) BURNT UMBER BURNT UMBER, FROM CYPRUS (KREMER PIGMENTS 40710) BROWN OCHRE BROWN OCHRE, LIGHT WARM BROWN, GERMAN (KREMER PIGMENTS 40231)

16 Blacks organic LAMP BLACK Furnace black Carbon black Soot black FURNACE BLACK, LAMP BLACK (KREMER PIGMENTS 47250) VINE BLACK Charcoal black Yeast black Grape black VINE BLACK, PURE PLANT BLACK, GERMAN (KREMER PIGMENTS 47000) PEACH BLACK Peachstone black Kernel black Vegetable black Fruit stone black PEACH BLACK, MATTE BLACK GENUINE (KREMER PIGMENTS 12010)

17 Whites mineral DUE TO PIGMENT S POTENTIAL TOXICITY, WE ARE UNABLE TO INCLUDE A SAMPLE IN THE KIT. LEAD WHITE Basic lead carbonate White lead Ceruse Silver white CREMNITZ WHITE (KREMER PIGMENTS 46000) CHALK Calcium carbonate Whiting Calcite The source for calcium white is often ground egg shells. GYPSUM Calcium sulfate Alabaster Terra alba Gesso BONE WHITE Calcined bone Bone ash BONE ASH (KREMER PIGMENTS 58920)

18 Irongall Ink basic components ITEM HOUSED IN THE CLEAR PLASTIC BOXES. GALL NUTS Oak apples Oak gall nuts Aleppo gall KREMER PIGMENTS (WHOLE) KREMER PIGMENTS (GROUND) DUE TO COMPOUND S CHEMICAL INSTABILITY, WE ARE UNABLE TO INCLUDE A SAMPLE IN THE KIT. IRON (II) SULFATE Ferrous sulfate Copperas Green copperas Green vitriol Iron vitriol KREMER PIGMENTS GUM ARABIC Gum acacia Senegal gum KREMER PIGMENTS (PIECES) KREMER PIGMENTS (POWDER) ADDITIVES Logwood - Lampblack - Indigo Honey LOGWOOD (KREMER PIGMENTS 63330) LAMPBLACK (KREMER PIGMENTS 47250) INDIGO (KREMER PIGMENTS 36000) Wine (red or white), beer and vinegar were also frequently used with or in lieu of water to macerate gall nuts. Irongall inks including carbon as an additive are sometimes refered to as mixed inks.

19 Carbon Black Ink basic components LAMP BLACK Furnace black Carbon black Soot black LAMPBLACK (KREMER PIGMENTS 47250) GUM ARABIC Gum acacia Senegal gum KREMER PIGMENTS (PIECES) KREMER PIGMENTS (POWDER)

20 Specials Collections Conservation Preservation Department, Yale University Library February 2012 Cover image: Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscripts Library, Arthurian Romances, MS 229, folio 29r

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