Research and Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Industrial Design

Transcription

1 Research and Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Industrial Design Abstract Jing Gao Department of Art Design, Hefei University, Hefei , China Virtual reality technology has been one of the hot spots in the field of information research, development, and application. It uses computers to build a very realistic virtual environment, and supports users to use natural skills to experience it.it has been widely used in military, scientific computing visualization, education and training, design and planning, and engineering. Virtual reality (VR) technology in the construction, tourism, games, aerospace, medicine, and other industries developed rapidly. In this paper, the use of virtual reality technology is used for industrial technology planning and design of virtual reality applications in the new hot spot. At the same time, this paper introduces the concept and characteristics of virtual reality technology, and it discusses the characteristics and classification of virtual manufacturing, virtual design, virtual assembly. It has described several successful foreign application cases. This paper analyzes the status quo of the application and development of virtual reality in the manufacturing industry at home and abroad, and looks forward to the future development of the technology. Keywords: Virtual reality, Virtual manufacture, Virtual design/assembly. 1. INTRODUCTION With the aggravation of the globalization process, the competition among enterprises has evolved from the local competition in the past into the competition of the global scope. The mutual penetration and competition among industries and between industries have become increasingly fierce. In order to adapt to rapidly changing market demands, enterprises must adopt the fastest time-to-market, Q-Quality, C-Cost, and S-Service. This poses a serious challenge to the traditional manufacturing technology. With the advent of advanced technologies such as computer networks and virtual reality, a new manufacturing concept and theory has emerged in the Virtual Manufacturing (Giese et al., 2014). Its new manufacturing system and mode has become a modern manufacturing technology and system the inevitable trend of development. Most mature virtual reality systems rely on virtual reality hardware devices,which are mainly based on graphics workstations. Research on virtual reality based on ordinary computers is still weak. Undoubtedly, graphics workstations are expensive and limit the popularity of virtual reality technology(gemser and Zee, 2015).At present, many foreign universities and research institutes are engaged in the study of virtual scene roaming. Among them, the University of California, North Carolina, and Berkeley are at the forefront of the world. They all have an excellent Virtual Reality Technology Laboratory equipped with many Virtual Reality devices, including a powerful graphics workstation, a high Resolution graphic displays, various types of helmet displays. Industrial design is the design of the functional interface and appearance of the product related to the user. Since the 1990s, the fierce market competition has made the products tend to be homogenized (Kittleson and Wu, 2012). As an effective tool for product differentiation, industrial design plays an increasingly important role in obtaining competitive advantages for enterprises. Industrial design is the combination and unification of product function and economy, culture and art in modern society (Lippincott, 2015). It is a bridge and link connecting technology with market. In recent years, Nokia, Apple, Samsung, and other companies with excellent industrial design, in the field of product innovation has made greater competitive advantage. Therefore, it is necessary to study the role of industrial design under the background that the current needs of consumers are gradually diversified, personalized, and fashionable. The core of industrial design is to meet user needs.the design can achieve product differentiation, when the performance and price are similar, the user is more willing to choose the product with aesthetic value; the improvement of the interface can enhance the stability of the 228

2 product.different characteristics of industrial technology constitute an inevitable interaction with industrial design. Therefore, it is necessary to study the value and role of industrial design in the evolution of industrial technology from the perspective of technology management in the context of Chinese specific industries. 2. RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND RESEARCH ROUTE 2.1 Study goals and research methods As an effective tool to realize product differentiation, industrial design plays different roles in product innovation in different stages of industrial technology evolution. Therefore, under the background of concrete industry in China, it is necessary to study the changing trend of industrial design in different stages of industrial development and to reveal its changing rules, which can provide a scientific basis for the formulation of competitive strategies (Chen, 2015).In order to study the trend of industrial design in the evolution of industrial technology, this paper uses a quantitative analysis method to measure the innovation frequency of core technology and industrial design in a relatively complete industrial cycle, showing the different stages of industrial technology evolution, core technology, and industrial design changes. 2.2 Virtual Reality Technology Overview Virtual reality system is a virtual reality technology based computer system, through the computer software and its external devices to generate a virtual three-dimensional thing. Through the visual auditory, tactile and other aspects of the interactive feedback makes people feel immersive. As a new discipline in information science, virtual reality technology is rapidly applied to various industries such as military affairs, entertainment, manufacturing, geology, medicine, and geographic information system with its unique advantages.virtual reality technology in computer graphics, multimedia technology, artificial intelligence and other research fields in the extensive use, and further promote the development of computer visual simulation technology. How to reproduce the information that reflects the real world in a more intuitive way is precisely the purpose of VR technology and visual simulation technology. There are three basic characteristics of virtual reality technology, which we call 3I features which is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1.Virtual reality 3I features (1) Immersion: Immersion is the real feeling that participants have immersed in the virtual environment. (2) Interaction: one thing refers to the human operability of the object in the virtual environment; the others refer to the natural degree of real-time feedback from the virtual environment. 229

3 (3) Imagination conception refers to the object in the virtual environment according to their own models and rules, according to the operator's request to do the degree of voluntary movement. 2.3 Virtual manufacturing The definition and characteristics of virtual manufacturing The pursuit of virtual reality for immersive photorealism, as well as the establishment of multidimensional information systems individuals can immerse and surpass them, facilitate the development and application of virtual reality technology in the manufacturing industry (Ramírez, 2014).Virtual manufacturing technology is an emerging technology in the field of advanced manufacturing technology in recent years. Due to its relatively short concept appearance, it has not been defined universally in the world at present. At the same time, due to the continuous development of virtual manufacturing technology itself, engineers and technicians are also aware of it as a dynamic process. Virtual manufacturing technology is a comprehensive integration and application of knowledge in many advanced disciplinary fields. Based on digital modeling technology, computer simulation technology, and analysis and optimization technology, virtual manufacturing technology has implemented before product design stage or product manufacturing simulate the whole process of the future manufacturing of the product and its impact on the product design. In addition, they predict the performance, cost, and manufacturability of the product to achieve the optimization of product development cycle and cost, and the maximization of production efficiency.the "virtual" in virtual manufacturing is relative to the physical manufacturing system of physical products. It emphasizes the computerization of the manufacturing system operation process. Virtual manufacturing is the actual manufacturing abstraction, which produces the fully digitized product. It has made in computer and network systems and related software systems. Like the information and data about products and manufacturing systems, the result is an all-digital product rather than a real material product, but it is a digital model of a real physical product, a virtual product that is a real product in a virtual environment Of the map, and have the real products must have the characteristics and performance (Chen, 2015) Virtual manufacturing classifications According to the virtual manufacturing application environment and the object of different emphases, virtual manufacturing has divided into three categories, which includes design-centered virtual manufacturing, production-centric virtual manufacturing, and control-centric virtual manufacturing. (1) Design-centric virtual manufacturing provides the designer with the manufacturing information needed during the product design phase to optimize the design. The design department and the manufacturing department work together with the support of the computer network to simulate and analyze the digital product model based on a unified manufacturing information model so thatthe designed parts and even the whole machine can be processed for process analysis, kinematics and dynamics analysis.we can assembly analysis and other manufacturability analysis to get the product design evaluation and performance prediction results. (2) Production-centric virtual manufacturing provides technicians with virtual manufacturing shop floor environment and equipment for analyzing and improving production processes to optimize product-manufacturing processes (Pan and Wei, 2014). In the existing enterprise resources (such as equipment, manpower, raw materials) under the conditions of product manufacturability analysis, evaluation of manufacturing resources and the environment to optimize the combination by providing accurate information on the cost of production. (3) Control-Centered Virtual Manufacturing is providing a virtual environment from design to manufacturing integration, the whole system control model and the actual machining process are simulated to allow the evaluation of product design, production planning and control strategy. To global optimization and control as the goal, to different regions of product design, product development, marketing, and manufacturing through the network to connect and control. 230

4 3. VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGY APPLIED IN INDUSTRY 3.1 Virtual Reality Modeling Language VRML VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) is an interactive virtual reality modeling language based on the WWW (World Wide Web) on the Internet. A 3D simulation describes the world and uses the ASCII text format readable by VRML browsers Link.VRML file consists of four parts: file header statements, node statements, event routing statements and comment statements.the basic principle of VRML is to describe the two-dimensional scene by the text information and transmit it on Internet. On the local machine, the VRML browser interprets and generates the two-dimensional scene. The generated standard specification is the VRML specification, as shown in Figure 2. It is this idea that makes it possible to transfer three-dimensional virtual scenes on the Web by transmitting a small amount of data on the Internet (Li and Wang, 2016)). Therefore, VRML can generate three-dimensional scene on the network, and the ordinary Web server stores the VRML file as the HTML file. VMRL GUI VRML FILE Explain the procedure VR VM Output Users Figure 2.VRML file to achieve the process VRML access adopts the B/S architecture, in which the server stores various resources related to the VRML including the scene file, and after receiving the file request of the client, transmits the corresponding scene file to the client through the network. The client after the endpoint receives the scene file; the file has parsed by a specific browser (Viewer) and finally presented to the user. Because of adopting a browser to parse the scene file and out of the system difference limitation, VRML has a platform-independent feature and increases the application range of VRML. 3.2 Virtual design Virtual design refers to the use of virtual reality in the design stage, so that designers can see and modify the three-dimensional works at any time, allowing designers to focus more on the realization of product features (Liu et al. 2017). Virtual assembly is actually simulating the continuous assembly process of equipment on the computer. How to effectively simulate the actual assembly process is the purpose of virtual assembly. In a broad sense, virtual design and virtual assembly correspond to design-centric and control-centric virtual manufacturing respectively. Virtual design is the use of digital models instead of physical prototypes for product design analysis and evaluation. Based on CAD models of products, different analyzes are supported by key 231

5 technologies such as domain knowledge. Practical techniques Method helps to test and improve design results. Figure 3shows the result of Anchor shaft force map D physical construction Figure 3.The result of Anchor shaft force map In order for a user to truly be immersed in a computer-generated virtual environment, the generated environment must be made realistic and natural enough. Whether a virtual environment is realistic or not depends on the subjective feeling of human's perception and contrast environment. Human perception of the environment is mainly through visual, auditory, tactile, smell and gravity to get, so a good virtual environment must provide these senses and the real environment similar stimuli.the quality of a virtual environment mainly depends on the quality of its scene-generating system. The scene effect of the virtual environment is the most important factor that influences the immersion of the virtual reality system. The first thing we should do to construct the virtual object is the 3D modeling of the scene. The construction of the 3D model is the foundation of the virtual reality system Three-dimensional scene generation mechanism The work of computer has generated objects mainly includes the following three steps. 1Generate a realistic calculation of the graphics. Realistic, including color, light, three-dimensional and sense of movement; 2 Calculate or generate directly compressed realistic background images from the image database; 3After scanning transform the graphics and background images arranged in the same coordinate system. Generating photorealistic objects involves how to create the surface of an object from a given vertex, how to color and add highlights and shading to the surface, and how the surface changes when the object deforms. Background images can be divided into two categories: natural scenery and artificial scenery. Some of the natural scenes can be generated using techniques such as fractal (Dongand Gu, 2014). Simple artificial scenes (such as buildings) can be generated using graphical methods. Complex artificial scenes also need to record D physical process A virtual physical system consists of three parts: physical database, image generator, and display system. The physical database includes geometric definition data, colors and textures required by the physical environment; 232

6 the image generator draws the content defined by the simulator from the viewpoint, and the data is stored in a physical database; the display system can be a projector, a CRT display or a helmet display.there are three conditions for determining a physical image, which are generate conditions and models,image data andgraphic data. Generate commands and models Generate commands Get the image Generate images Geometric transformation Projective transformation Graphic collection synchronization Image display Figure 4. In-kind production The production of physical images first depends on the conditions and models of creation. After mathematically constructing the geometric description of the required three-dimensional object, that is, the three-dimensional model construction, the three-dimensional geometric description is transformed into a two-dimensional view through the perspective transformation of the scene, all visible surfaces in the object are determined, and then the light and material The model shades all visible surfaces and ultimately produces a realistic image. Figure5 is used to carry out the study of virtual assembly example, the use of CAD software UG modeling, and then import ENVISION software. In this example, robot welding is simulated as follows in Figure (a), and Physical map is shown as shown in Figure (b). 233

7 (a) (b) 4. CONCLUSIONS Figure 5.ENVISION 3-D simulation and Physical map In the manufacturing industry, it has a wide range of applications ranging from concept design to production and assembly to the assembly of virtual reality technology. Virtual design, virtual assembly is its specific application, together with the virtual enterprise collectively referred to as virtual manufacturing. Virtual manufacturing is a comprehensive system technology formed by many advanced disciplines and advanced knowledge. It is a promising frontier research field. Due to the rapid development of multimedia technology and network technology, virtual manufacturing will be the trend of the next generation of manufacturing. As CAD/CAE/CAM system basically solved the conceptual design and detailed design of virtual products, the current virtual manufacturing mainly focuses on the manufacturing, assembly and all aspects of information synthesis. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work is supported by the key project of humanities and social sciences of Hefei college in 2015 (No. 15KY04ZD); Quality engineering project of Anhui province in 2015(No. 2015ckjh074); the project of Anhui natural science in 2015 (No QG144); the major project of teaching reform in 2017 (No. 2017zdjg009). REFERENCES ChenH. (2015). Research of virtools virtual reality technology to landscape designing. Open Construction & Building Technology Journal,9(1), DongW., & GuW.J. (2014). Application of virtual reality in forestry.advanced Materials Research, ( ), GemserG.,ZeeE.V. (2015). Benchmarking Industrial Design Services, Design Journal, 5(5), GieseB., KoenigsteinS., WiggerH., SchmidtJ. C., & GleichA. V. (2014). The application of virtual reality technology in teaching of industrial designoutline of the project for the human-computer interactive simulation of the upper limb operations. Applied Mechanics & Materials, 464(4), Kittleson J.T., Wu G.C., Anderson J.C. (2012) Successes and failures in modular genetic engineering. Curr Opin Chem Biol 16: LippincottJ. G. (2015). Industrial Design as a Profession, College Art Journal, 3, LiS.,WangJ. (2016). Research on integrated application of virtual reality technology based on BIM. Control and Decision Conference, IEEE, 156(12), LiuT., WuJ., XieW., WuG., JinX., & YangM., (2017). Application and design of virtual reality technology in wellbore oil production process of pumping unit system. International Forum on Mechanical, Control and Automation. PanX.Y., WeiX. J. (2014).Virtual reality technology applied in automobile modeling design.applied Mechanics & Materials, 620, RamírezE.R.R. (2014). Industrial design strategies for eliciting surprise, Design Studies, 35(3),