OpenGL ES. August Khronos Chairman. Copyright Khronos Group, Page 1

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1 OpenGL ES August Khronos Chairman Copyright Khronos Group, Page 1

2 Agenda Khronos - technical and organizational overview What is Khronos? What are our goals? OpenGL ES - Embedded 3D Graphics API initiative How to get involved in driving Khronos Standards Questions and Answers we want your feedback! Copyright Khronos Group, Page 2

3 Driving OPEN Standards for CREATING and DEPLOYING DYNAMIC Media Copyright Khronos Group, Page 3

4 Khronos Evolving Organization Khronos 1.0 Original Promoters cooperated under Khronos Participation agreement 1.0 to produce OpenML 1.0 specification Media API for Dynamic Media Authoring. Specification available now Khronos 2.0 New Khronos Participation Agreement 2.0 Enables multiple working groups Recruiting member companies now Deploying and evolving OpenML OpenGL ES Small footprint OpenGL profiles for Embedded Systems Copyright Khronos Group, Page 4

5 Khronos Goal #1: Simplify Dynamic Media AUTHORING The result Publicly Released at Siggraph 2001 Copyright Khronos Group, Page 5

6 Dynamic Media Programming Synergistic integration of OpenML and OpenGL What OpenGL is to GRAPHICS - 2D, 3D and image processing OpenML is to MEDIA - video and audio processing OpenML and OpenGL together create a unified programming environment - With seamless integration of graphics and media Tightly integrated graphics, video and audio = DYNAMIC MEDIA Workstation 3D graphics Professional video and audio authoring Copyright Khronos Group, Page 6

7 OpenML Digital Media Programming Environment OpenGL Extensions Applications Window System OpenGL MLdc ML? Synchronization 2D Graphics 3D Graphics Displays Video Audio Copyright Khronos Group, Page 7

8 Technical Strategy for OpenML 1.0 Move PROVEN technologies into Open Standards Problem #1: Configure and control the Input/Output and processing of video and digital audio #2: Configure and control display devices #3: Enable OpenGL hardware to add more value to the media authoring workflow #4: synchronization of diverse media streams (graphics, audio, video) Solution SGI s dmsdk Digital Media Handling SGI s Xdc extension to X11 Display Control OpenGL Extensions Integrating graphics and video UST/MSC Synchronization ML MLdc Copyright Khronos Group, Page 8

9 Khronos Goal #2: Create Standards for Dynamic Media on Embedded Devices and Appliances The result OpenGL ES Copyright Khronos Group, Page 9

10 Well Defined OpenGL Profiles Addressing broad application requirements Khronos activities are endorsed and supported by the OpenGL ARB Feedback and Ratification Media and Embedded Focus ARB Workstation Focus 3D 2D Small footprint OpenGL profiles OpenGL ES Copyright Khronos Group, Page 10

11 Inverse Screen Size Law The need for advanced graphics Smaller screens need more advanced graphics processing per pixel - To make best use of restricted screen real-estate Advanced graphics techniques provided by state-of-the-art APIs - Anti-aliasing, multi-level compositing, rich media, 3D Interactive 3D Gaming Content Video Processing and synchronization Perspective windows maximize screen real-estate Translucent Menus don t obscure lower layers Anti-aliased text to make small text extremely legible Copyright Khronos Group, Page 11

12 The Power of a Standard API To enable hardware and software communities But there are no acceptable cross-platform embedded graphics APIs - Particularly with advanced graphics capabilities We are missing this fundamental prerequisite for market growth - The graphics hardware community should take the initiative in driving the platform forward - Just as on the PC Opportunities to optimize cost, power and performance for standardized functionality Capabilities Embedded Hardware Community Standard Graphics API Embedded Software Community Requirements Can use advanced graphics capabilities consistently across multiple platforms Copyright Khronos Group, Page 12

13 Cross Platform Solution Essential Many platforms and initiatives need these APIs Leading Symbian OS for mobile consumer devices Needs minimal API size and increasing functionality Embedded Linux need for low-footprint APIs No standardized 2D API other than X Windows not low footprint Increasing use of OpenGL for 3D but not low footprint Java Community Java2D, Java Media Framework, Java Advanced Imaging Java3D is a high-level API need low-footprint 3D API for embedded applications ARINC standards for advanced cockpit displays Need standardized 2D & 3D APIs Severe certification demands drive need for minimum API size WindML expanding multimedia capabilities of VxWorks Looking to further expand 3D and rich media delivery capabilities Web3D Consortium Extensible standards for 3D delivery over the internet, driving 3D in MPEG-4 BUT needs target small footprint 2D/3D API for higher-level standards Copyright Khronos Group, Page 13

14 OpenGL ES A proposed solution for advanced embedded graphics Create well-defined subset profiles of OpenGL - A series of increasingly compact profiles - Selecting functionality needed for key target markets Proper subsets ensure synergy with, and migration path to, full OpenGL - No new technologies are needed just agreement on subsets of an existing API Eliminate redundancy Duplicated functionality Unnecessary queries Data-type variants Select functionality needed for key target markets Eliminate workstation functionality e.g. 3D textures Difficult/costly to implement with little benefit in embedded space Copyright Khronos Group, Page 14

15 Industry Momentum Safety Critical Strong support from ARINC and aerospace companies including Boeing, Airbus, Rockwell, Honeywell, Smiths, Lockheed Avionics Automotive New Visual Processing APIs Internet Terminals STBs Line-powered Appliances Consoles Poorly defined standard API requirements. Discussions with BroadcastCL groupto avoid divergence Phones PDAs Web pads Cameras Hand-held Appliances At a meeting in April 2002, Symbian selected Khronos OpenGL ES as the graphics API for cell phones with accelerated 3D in 2004 Copyright Khronos Group, Page 15

16 Why OpenGL? The obvious starting point OpenGL is already the most widely available cross-platform graphics API - Workstations to embedded appliances, PCs to Macs, Windows to Linux Open Standard not controlled by any one company - Specification controlled by the OpenGL Architecture Review Board (ARB) Low-level API - Enables lightest weight interface between software and hardware Well-proven specification of advanced graphics techniques - No need to re-invent the wheel Successfully implemented by many graphics companies - Low-cost chips and cores, software-only, floating point, fixed point Leveraged development - An ecology of development tools already based around OpenGL Strong future roadmap with OpenGL Enabling access to the new generation of programmable hardware Through Khronos will be royalty free to the embedded industry - Khronos has built in a royalty free framework into its participation agreement - Agreed by SGI MAJOR ACHIEVENT, MAJOR OPPORTUNITY Copyright Khronos Group, Page 16

17 OpenGL ES Philosophy To enable rapid consensus Be strongly requirements-based - Handheld 3D gaming and vehicle displays are currently most urgent needs Small number of profiles - A large number will be come unwieldy Take large-scale profiling decisions eliminate large functionality blocks - Don t endlessly tweak individual function calls and parameters - It often makes little difference to size - Increases ISV confusion to have many detailed differences Enable software, fixed point implementations - As well as hardware accelerated implementations Define utility libraries to add additional functionality e.g. display lists - Avoid burdening core profiles with functionality that can be implemented well in software Copyright Khronos Group, Page 17

18 Some Profile Possibilities Addressing broad application requirements Based on 3Dlabs strawman - And early OpenGL ES ad hoc working group meetings Entertainment 3D - Minimum footprint full function 3D with texture-mapping - Good gaming platform Safety Critical 3D - Absolute minimum 3D to ease safety certifications Core 2D - High-quality 2D geometry, lines, polygons and text - Possible support for Flash-rendering Entertainment 3D Safety Critical 3D Core 2D Copyright Khronos Group, Page 18

19 Prototype Implementations Significant reduction in size Aiming for Entertainment 3D implementations around 32KB library size - Fixed point version Core 2D profile even smaller Standard OpenGL Core2D Fraction Files: % Functions: % Lines: % Lines Code: % Copyright Khronos Group, Page 19

20 Aggressive Timelines for OpenGL ES Embedded industry won t wait Need ratifiable specs by the end of the year First ad hoc working group meetings at Siggraph July Khronos Participation agreement available at Siggraph August Ad hoc Working Group Meetings September Official Working Group Meetings 4Q02 First draft specification 1Q03 OpenGL ES 1.0 ratified by Khronos Copyright Khronos Group, Page 20

21 How OpenGL Standards Fit Together Applications can incrementally make use of new GL2 extensions OpenGL 1.3 GL2 extensions OpenGL 1.x GL2 extensions OpenGL 1.x OpenGL 2.0 introduces full high-level programmability to OpenGL OpenGL 2.x includes full 2.0 functionality so all applications run unmodified OpenGL 2.0 Pure OpenGL 2.0 OpenGL ES 2.0 OpenGL 2.x Pure OpenGL 2.x Non-legacy applications can use recommended Pure OpenGL 2.0 features and benefit from a simple, compact, efficient and programmable API OpenGL 1.3 OpenGL ES 1.0 Advanced programmability Small size Backwards compatibility with OpenGL ES 1.0 Copyright Khronos Group, Page 21

22 Related Standards Work In Web3D Consortium New Web3D Consortium working group - Web3D Consortium is an open standards organization - Nationally accredited - Created the 3D profiles for MPEG-4 Defining OpenGL bindings for Java - Open, royalty-free standard - Full backing of Sun The Group has committed to produce bindings for OpenGL ES - Including from small Java versions Copyright Khronos Group, Page 22

23 SYNERGY Between Graphics and Media Processing Between Authoring & Deployment embedded OpenGL Scalable, small footprint 2D & 3D graphics embedded OpenML Small footprint video & audio processing Copyright Khronos Group, Page 23

24 Participation Framework Copyright Khronos Group, Page 24

25 New Participation Framework Khronos membership is open or interested companies There are four levels at which a company can participate - In OpenML and OpenGL ES development Application developers - May use drivers implementing Khronos standards with no license or royalties Adopters - May sign a royalty free license to implement Khronos-based specifications Contributors - May apply for open membership in the Khronos Group at a nominal annual fee, with full working group participation and voting rights Promoters - Must be voted in by other Promoting Members and act as the Board of Directors to drive the direction of the Khronos Group and standardization activities, with final specification ratification voting rights. Copyright Khronos Group, Page 25

26 How Khronos Membership Works Promoters establish and participate in working groups for spec generation, marketing, reference implementations, conformance tests, etc. Specification work undertaken in Working Group. Generates specs are passed back to the Promoters for final ratification Workin g Group Board of Promoters Workin g Group Workin g Group Ratified Khronos Group Specifications Contributors participate in working groups and have full voting rights within those groups Contributor Membership Application Developers Application developers may use drivers implementing Khronos standards with no license or royalties Adopters Adopters may sign a royalty free license to implement Khronosbased specifications Copyright Khronos Group, Page 26

27 Promoting Member Companies Dues of $15,000 per year Standards-definition Benefits - Vote among Promoters to define objectives, priorities and operations of Khronos - Vote among Promoters on final ratification of specifications - Vote in the working groups Marketing Benefits - Company logo on trade show signage, and other marketing material - Quoted in Khronos Group press releases, whenever relevant - Speaking opportunities at major industry events on behalf of the Khronos Group - Opportunity to send staff to Khronos trade show booths and events - Logo and corporate description on the Khronos.org Promoters page - Listing the Khronos.org Products page Copyright Khronos Group, Page 27

28 Contributing Member Companies Dues of $2,900 per year Standards-Definition Benefits - Vote in the working groups Marketing Benefits - Quoted in Khronos Group press releases, whenever relevant - Opportunity to send staff to Khronos trade show booths and events - Logo and corporate description on the Khronos.org Contributors page Copyright Khronos Group, Page 28

29 Participation Timeline 1-1 Discussions with Potential Promoters Working groups meetings start signed up Promoters and Contributors can participate Contributor Participation Agreements Available on web-site. Board of promoters formed. First Promoters Meeting. Working Groups formed July 2002 September 6 th 2002 Copyright Khronos Group, Page 29

30 Next Steps Go to To become a Contributor - Download and review Contributor Agreement from - Execute and send, with dues, to Khronos to become a member Working Groups activities on schedules on the web and mailing lists - We will inform you of first working group meetings If you want to be considered as a potential Promoter or other questions - Talk to Khronos Chairman - neil.trevett@3dlabs.com Copyright Khronos Group, Page 30

31 Any Questions? IRIX and OpenGL are registered trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc., and OpenML is a trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc., used with permission by the Khronos Special Interest Group. Sun, and Solaris are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc. in the United States and other countries. Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corp. Discreet is a trademark of Autodesk, Inc. / Discreet Logic. All other product names, trademarks, and/or company names are used solely for identification and belong to their respective owners. Copyright Khronos Group, Page 31