F=MA. W=F d = -F YOUTH GUIDE - APPENDICES YOUTH GUIDE 03

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "F=MA. W=F d = -F YOUTH GUIDE - APPENDICES YOUTH GUIDE 03"

Abraham Ray
6 years ago
Views:

1 W=F d F=MA F 12 = -F 21 YOUTH GUIDE - APPENDICES YOUTH GUIDE 03

2 APPENDIX A: CALCULATE IT (OPTIONAL ACTIVITY) Time required: 20 minutes If you have additional time or are interested in building quantitative skills, consider completing this additional activity. Step 1: Collect stopping distance data for different ramp heights. Measure the height of the car from the table in meters and record the value in the data table. Release the car and measure (in meters) the distance on the table from the bottom of the ramp to the place where the car stopped. Record this measurement and repeat for two additional ramp heights 02 4-H NATIONAL YOUTH SCIENCE DAY

Step 2: Collect speed data for different ramp heights. Using the same ramp heights, repeat the experiment to determine the car s speed using one of the following options: Option 1: Apply Yourself!

3. Use the Origin and Scale tool to set the scale. Drag the Scale tool to each end of the car in the video. Set the Scale to the length of the car, for example,.15 m.

3 Step 2: Collect speed data for different ramp heights. Using the same ramp heights, repeat the experiment to determine the car s speed using one of the following options: Option 1: Apply Yourself! Download the Vernier Video Physics and the Vernier Graphical Analysis apps from the App Store. Participants can use the video and automated object tracking features to measure the velocity of the car. 3. Use the Origin and Scale tool to set the scale. Drag the Scale tool to each end of the car in the video. Set the Scale to the length of the car, for example,.15 m. Video Recording Tips: Keep the camera centered on the experiment and do not move or pan the camera. Try to get as much light as you can on the subject. 1. In the Video Physics app, set up and record video of your car rolling down the ramp and crashing into the obstacle. Place your ruler or a meter stick so that it is beside the track and visible on the camera. 4. Tap the Share button and select Data File. Then Open in the Graphical Analysis app 2. Move the tracking tool to the car and adjust its size to match the car. Tap Track. 5. Tap to select the highest point on the X velocity graph. Record the maximum velocity of the car in the table. 6. Repeat for the other two ramp heights examined in Step 1. For more information, visit vernier.com/videophysics YOUTH GUIDE 03

Option 2: Keep it Simple Use the camera on your phone to collect a video. Note: If this technology is not available, you can measure the car s time using a stopwatch.

4 Option 2: Keep it Simple Use the camera on your phone to collect a video. Note: If this technology is not available, you can measure the car s time using a stopwatch. Consider measuring multiple trials and averaging the results to determine the time elapsed. This replaces substeps 2-5. To ensure accuracy, you may want to measure several trials and average the results to determine an average time for elapsed. To compute the average speed of the car, use the following steps: Average speed = distance traveled / time elapsed 1. Measure the length of the track. (This will be the distance traveled). 2. Record video of the car rolling down the ramp Use the controls and the recorded video to find the frame where the car is released. Record the time, for example, 3.10 s. Find the frame where the car reaches the bottom of the ramp. Record the time. Subtract the first time value from the second. This is your time elapsed. Divide the distance traveled by the time elapsed. 7. Record the average speed in the table. 8. Repeat the other two more ramp heights examined in Step H NATIONAL YOUTH SCIENCE DAY

5 Step 3: Create a Stopping Distance vs. Speed graph. Using the graph below (or the Graphical Analysis app) graph your Stopping Distance and Speed data from your data table. Note that Stopping Distance values are plotted on the vertical y-axis and the Speed values are plotted on the horizontal x-axis. This yields a graph of the Stopping Distance vs. Speed. Step 4: Analyze the data and discuss trends. Examine your graph. Does the data fall in a straight line or a curved line? What conclusion can you draw about how the car s Stopping Distance is related to its Speed? YOUTH GUIDE 05

6 APPENDIX B: TAKE IT FURTHER: MAKE IT SAFE The Engineering Design Challenge A safety engineer designs materials that allow cars and their passengers to stop more safely, usually by increasing the stopping time. One example is an airbag. An airbag s job is to quickly slow the passenger s speed to zero with little or no damage and before colliding into a steering wheel. Try this engineering design challenge! Materials 1 sheet of paper 5 cm of tape 1 drinking straw Ramp and books from Activity 1 Think Like An Engineer The Engineering Design Process is a series of steps that engineers use to create a new product or process that solves a problem: 1. Identify criteria and constraints. 2. Brainstorm possible solutions. 3. Generate ideas. 4. Explore the possibilities. 5. Select an approach. 6. Build a model or prototype. 7. Refine the design. Did You Know? Statistics show that airbags reduce the risk of dying in a direct frontal crash by about 30%. Challenge Using a heavy book as an obstacle, design an apparatus that stops the car safely without ejecting the passenger. Build and test your apparatus. Now revise your design. Test your design from different ramp heights and see whose design can go the fastest without losing the passenger H NATIONAL YOUTH SCIENCE DAY

7 APPENDIX C: ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES Extend your investigation beyond 4-H National Youth Science Day (NYSD) by performing any of the following supplemental activities. Each activity is designed to provide a better understanding of the relevance of motion in today s world. Capture and analyze everyday motion on a mobile device using the Vernier Video Physics app, available for purchase on the App Store. For more information, visit Additional Vernier activities include: Graphing Your Motion using a Vernier Motion Detector vernier.com/files/sample_labs/msv-33-comp-graphing_motion.pdf Crash Dummies using a Vernier Motion Detector vernier.com/files/sample_labs/msv-36-comp-crash_dummies.pdf Real-World Accelerations using a Vernier Accelerometer vernier.com/files/sample_labs/pwv-21-labq-accelerations_real_world.pdf About Vernier Software & Technology Vernier Software & Technology has been a leading innovator of scientific data-collection technology for 34 years. Focused on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), Vernier is dedicated to developing creative ways to teach and learn using hands-on science. For more information, visit Oregon State University 4-H Youth Development Programs Additional STEM experiments are available free, online from Oregon 4-H at W=F d F=MA YOUTH GUIDE 07

F=MA. W=F d = -F FACILITATOR - APPENDICES

F=MA. W=F d = -F FACILITATOR - APPENDICES W=F d F=MA F 12 = -F 21 FACILITATOR - APPENDICES APPENDIX A: CALCULATE IT (OPTIONAL ACTIVITY) Time required: 20 minutes If you have additional time or are interested in building quantitative skills, consider